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[ÇØ¿Ü¿¬±¸º¸°í¼­] ¹Ì±¹ °øµ¿¼ö°è ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ ±â·ÏÀÇ 2/3¿¡¼­ ¿ì¶ó´½ °ËÃâ °¡´É

¹Ì Ä÷³ºñ¾Æ´ëÇб³ ¸ÞÀÏ¸Ç °øÁߺ¸°Ç´ëÇÐ ¾Ø ´Ï±×¶ó ¹Ú»ç µîÀÌ °øµ¿ ¿¬±¸¡¤Á¶»ç

È÷½ºÆдÐ/¶óƼ³ë °øµ¿Ã¼ Áö¿ª¼­ °¡Àå ³ôÀº ³óµµ°¡ ¹ß°ß¡¦¡º·£½Ë Áö±¸°Ç°­ Àú³Î¡»¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥



¹Ì±¹ÀÇ °øµ¿ ¼ö°è ½Ã½ºÅÛ(CWS ; community water system)ÀÇ ±Ý¼Ó ³óµµ¿Í ºÒÆòµî ÆÐÅÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­, Ä÷³ºñ¾Æ ´ëÇб³ ¸ÞÀÏ¸Ç °øÁߺ¸°Ç´ëÇÐ(Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health)ÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº ±Ý¼Ó³óµµ°¡ Àå¼Ò³ª Áö¿ª¿¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ Áصµ½Ã, È÷½ºÆдР°øµ¿Ã¼(Hispanic communities ; ¶óƾ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«°è °øµ¿Ã¼)¸¦ ¼­ºñ½ºÇÏ´Â CWS¿¡¼­ ƯÈ÷ ³ô¾ÆÁ³´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í ȯ°æ Á¤ÀÇ ¹®Á¦¸¦ °­Á¶Çß´Ù. ÀÌ Áö¿ª»çȸ´Â ¿ì¶ó´½(U), ¼¿·¹´½(Se), ¹Ù·ý(Ba), Å©·Ò(Cr), ±×¸®°í ºñ¼Ò(As)ÀÇ ³óµµ°¡ °¡Àå ³ô¾Ò´Ù.


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Ä÷³ºñ¾Æ´ëÇб³ ¸ÞÀÏ¸Ç °øÁߺ¸°Ç´ëÇÐÀÇ ºÎ±³¼öÀÎ ´Ï±×¶ó(Anne Nigra) ¹Ú»ç ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀÌ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ °øµ¿ ¼ö°è ½Ã½ºÅÛ(CWS)ÀÇ ±Ý¼Ó ³óµµ¿Í ºÒÆòµî ÆÐÅÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ ±â·ÏÀÇ 2/3¿¡¼­ ¿ì¶ó´½ °ËÃâÀÌ ³ôÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.   [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = Ä÷³ºñ¾Æ´ëÇб³ ¸ÞÀÏ¸Ç °øÁߺ¸°Ç´ëÇÐ]

 

³·Àº ³óµµ¿¡¼­µµ ¿ì¶ó´½Àº ¸¸¼ºÁúȯÀÇ ¹ß»ý¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ À§Çè¿ä¼ÒÀÌ´Ù. Áö±Ý±îÁö CWS(°øµ¿ ¼ö°è ½Ã½ºÅÛ)·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ¿ì¶ó´½ ³ëÃâÀÇ ÀáÀçÀû °Ç°­ ¿µÇâ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ¸¸¼ºÀûÀÎ ¹° ¿ì¶ó´½ ÇÇÆø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ªÇÐ ¿¬±¸´Â °ÅÀÇ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ¿ì¶ó´½Àº °ø°ø À½¿ë¼ö ¿À¿°¹°Áú·Î¼­ ¹®Çå¿¡¼­ °ú¼ÒÆò°¡µÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¬±¸ °á°ú´Â ¡º·£½Ë Áö±¸ °Ç°­ Àú³Î(Journal The Lancet Planetary Health)¡»¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾ú´Ù.


Ä÷³ºñ¾Æ ¸ÞÀÏ¸Ç °øÁߺ¸°Ç´ëÇÐÀÇ Á¶±³¼öÀÎ ¾Ø ´Ï±×¶ó(Anne Nigra) ¹Ú»ç´Â ¡°ÀÌÀü ¿¬±¸µéÀº ¸¸¼ºÀûÀÎ ¿ì¶ó´½ ³ëÃâ°ú ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀÇ ³ëÃâ¿¡¼­ °íÇ÷¾Ð, ½ÉÇ÷°ü Áúȯ, ½ÅÀå ¼Õ»ó, Æó¾ÏÀÇ À§Çè Áõ°¡ »çÀÌÀÇ ¿¬°ü¼ºÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù¡±°í ¸»Çß´Ù.


¾Ø ´Ï±×¶ó(Anne Nigra) ¹Ú»ç´Â ÀÌ¾î ¡°¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥´Â ¹Ì±¹ Àü¿ªÀÇ  CWS(°øµ¿ ¼ö°è ½Ã½ºÅÛ) ±Ý¼Ó ³óµµ¸¦ ÃßÁ¤ÇÏ°í ³ôÀº ±Ý¼Ó ³óµµ ÃßÁ¤Ä¡¸¦ º¸°íÇϰųª ¹Ì±¹ EPAÀÇ ÃÖ´ë ¿À¿° ¹°Áú ¼öÁØÀ» ÃÊ°úÇÏ´Â Æò±ÕÀ» º¸°íÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ´õ ³ôÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â »çȸ Àα¸ÇÐÀû ÇÏÀ§ ±×·ìÀ» ½Äº°ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù¡±¶ó°í µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù.

 

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À̹ø ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ÀúÀÚÀÎ Ä÷³ºñ¾Æ´ëÇб³ ¸ÞÀÏ¸Ç °øÁߺ¸°Ç´ëÇÐ(Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health)ÀÇ Á¶±³¼öÀΠ ´Ï±×¶ó(Anne Nigra) ¹Ú»ç [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = Ä÷³ºñ¾Æ´ëÇб³ ¸ÞÀÏ¸Ç °øÁߺ¸°Ç´ëÇÐ]

 

¹Ì±¹ °ÅÁÖÀÚÀÇ ¾à 90%°¡ °ø°ø ½Ä¼ö ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °ÅÁÖÀÚµéÀº ƯÈ÷ Àϳ⠳»³» °°Àº Àα¸¸¦ ¼­ºñ½ºÇÏ´Â CWS(°øµ¿ ¼ö°è ½Ã½ºÅÛ)¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ¾ÈƼ¸ó(Sb), ºñ¼Ò(As), ¹Ù·ý(Ba), º£¸±·ý(Be), Ä«µå¹Å(Cd), Å©·Ò(Cr), ¼öÀº(Hg), ¼¿·¹´½(Se), Å»·ý(Tl), ¿ì¶ó´½(U)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ 6³â°£ÀÇ EPA °ËÅä ±â·ÏÀ» Æò°¡ÇØ Æò±Õ ³óµµ°¡ EPA°¡ Á¤ÇÑ ÃÖ´ë ¿À¿°¹°Áú ¼öÁØÀ» ÃÊ°úÇÏ´ÂÁö ¿©ºÎ¸¦ È®ÀÎÇß´Ù.


¿©±â¿¡´Â ¿¬°£ 2¾ï9õ¸¸ ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Á¦°øµÇ´Â 13¸¸9õ °³ÀÇ °ø°ø ¼öµµ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾à 1õ300¸¸ °³ÀÇ ±â·ÏÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº Àü±¹ 3¸¸7õ915°³ÀÇ CWS¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æò±Õ ±Ý¼Ó ³óµµ¸¦ °³¹ßÇßÀ¸¸ç, ÇâÈÄ ºÐ¼®¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ  CWS(°øµ¿ ¼ö°è ½Ã½ºÅÛ) ¹× Ä«¿îƼ ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­ ÃßÁ¤ ±Ý¼Ó ³óµµÀÇ ¿Â¶óÀÎ ´ëÈ­Çü Áöµµ¸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù.


Á¶»ç °á°ú¿¡ µû¸£¸é 2000³âºÎÅÍ 2011³â±îÁö Áö¿ª ¼ö°èÀÇ 2.1%°¡ EPA(ȯ°æû) ÃÖ´ë ¿À¿° ¼öÁØÀ» ÃÊ°úÇÏ¿© Æò±Õ ¿ì¶ó´½ ³óµµ¸¦ º¸°íÇßÀ¸¸ç, Áؼö ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ Áß¿¡ ¿ì¶ó´½ÀÌ ÀÚÁÖ °ËÃâµÇ¾ú´Ù.


¶ÇÇÑ ºñ¼Ò, ¹Ù·ý, Å©·Ò, ¼¿·¹´½, ¿ì¶ó´½ ³óµµ´Â Áصµ½Ã, È÷½ºÆдРÀα¸¸¦ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â CWS¿¡¼­ ºÒ±ÕÇüÀûÀ¸·Î ³ô¾ÆÁ® ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Áö¿ª»çȸ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì·Á¿Í °ø°ø ½Ä¼öÀÇ ºÒÆòµî¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡´É¼ºÀ» Á¦±âÇÏ¿´´Ù.


´Ï±×¶ó(Nigra) ¹Ú»ç¿Í ¿¬±¸ÆÀµéÀº ³ôÀº CWS ±Ý¼Ó ³óµµ¿Í Áصµ½Ã, È÷½ºÆдР°øµ¿Ã¼ »çÀÌÀÇ ÀÏ°üµÈ ¿¬°ü¼ºÀº ³óµµ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ ÁöÁúÇÐÀ̶ó±âº¸´Ù´Â ±ÔÁ¦ Á¤Ã¥À̳ª Ä¡·áÀÇ ½ÇÆжó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ï½ÃÇÑ´Ù°í ÁöÀûÇÑ´Ù. È÷½ºÆдÐ/¶óƼ³ë(Hispanic/Latino) Àα¸´Â °£, ½ÅÀå, ½ÉÇ÷°ü Áúȯ»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´ç´¢·Î ÀÎÇÑ »ç¸Á·ü Áõ°¡¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ¼ö¸¹Àº °Ç°­ °ÝÂ÷¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.


´Ï±×¶ó(Nigra) ¹Ú»ç´Â ¡°µû¶ó¼­ CWS ±Ý¼Ó ³óµµÀÇ Â÷À̸¦ ÁÙÀÌ°í ±Ý¼Ó ³óµµ°¡ ³ôÀº °ø°ø ¼öµ¾¹° ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â Áö¿ª»çȸ¸¦ º¸È£Çϱâ À§ÇØ Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ±ÔÁ¦ Á¤Ã¥, ±ÔÁ¤ Áؼö ÁýÇà ¹× ÀÎÇÁ¶ó °³¼±ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¡±¶ó¸é¼­ ¡°ÀÌ·± °³ÀÔ°ú Á¤Ã¥Àº ƯÈ÷ ȯ°æ Á¤ÀǸ¦ ÁõÁøÇÏ°í °øÁß °Ç°­À» º¸È£Çϱâ À§ÇØ °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ ³ëÃâµÈ Áö¿ª»çȸ¸¦ º¸È£ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¡±¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

 

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¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº À̹ø ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ ±Ý¼Ó³óµµ°¡ Àå¼Ò³ª Áö¿ª¿¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ Áصµ½Ã, È÷½ºÆдР°øµ¿Ã¼(Hispanic communities ; ¶óƾ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«°è °øµ¿Ã¼)¸¦ ¼­ºñ½ºÇÏ´Â CWS(°øµ¿ ¼ö°è ½Ã½ºÅÛ)¿¡¼­ ƯÈ÷ ³ô¾ÆÁ³´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. ±×¸²Àº ¹Ì±¹ Ä«¿îƼ ¹× Áö¿ª»çȸ ¼öµµ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ½Ä¼ö ¿À¿°¹°Áú ºÐÆ÷µµ. [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = Ä÷³ºñ¾Æ´ëÇб³ ¸ÞÀÏ¸Ç °øÁߺ¸°Ç´ëÇÐ]

 

°øµ¿ÀúÀÚ´Â Ä÷³ºñ¾Æ´ëÇб³ ¸ÞÀÏ¸Ç °øÁߺ¸°Ç´ëÇÐ(Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health) Çʸ®Æ÷ ¶ó¹ß¸®(Filippo Ravalli), ij½º¸° ½Ç¸µ À§¾ÈÁö À¯(Kathrin Schilling Yuanzhi Yu), ¾Æ³ª ³ª¹Ù½º-¾Æ½Ã¿£(Ana Navas-Acien), Ä÷³ºñ¾Æ ´ëÇб³ º¥ÀڹΠC º¸½ºÆ½(Benjamin C Bostick), ½ºÆ¼ºì N Ä¥·ç(Steven N Chillru), ¶ó¸óÆ® µµÇãƼ Áö±¸°üÃø¼Ò(Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory), ±×¸®°í ·±´ø´ëÇб³(University of London) ¾Æ´Ï¸£¹Ù¼ö(Anirban Basu) µîÀÌ´Ù.


ÀÌ ¿¬±¸´Â ±¹¸³È¯°æº¸°Ç°úÇпø( National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences ; Çã°¡ ES010349, ES009089, ES028758, ES029668, 2ES007322), ±¹¸³º¸°Ç¿ø(National Institutes of Health Office) ¹× ±¹¸³Ä¡°úÇпø(he Director and National Institute Of Dental & Craniofacial Research ; Çã°¡ OD031849)ÀÇ Áö¿øÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.


ÀÌ ³í¹®Àº ¹Ì±¹ Àü¿ªÀÇ °ø°ø À½¿ë¼ö ¿À¿°¹°Áú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ëÈ­Çü À¥»çÀÌÆ®(interactive website)¿Í ÇÔ²² Á¦°øµÇ¸ç, ÀÌ À¥»çÀÌÆ®´Â ¿¬±¸ÀÚµé°ú ½ÉÁö¾î Áö¿ª »çȸ ±¸¼º¿øµéÀÌ Àü±¹ÀÇ °ø°ø ½Ä¼ö ¿À¿°¹°ÀÇ °ø°£ ÆÐÅÏÀ» Ž±¸Çϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


[¿ø¹®º¸±â]


Uranium Detectable in Two-Thirds of U.S. Community Water System Monitoring Records

HIGHEST CONCENTRATIONS WERE FOUND FOR HISPANIC COMMUNITIES


In a study on metal concentrations in U.S. community water systems (CWS) and patterns of inequalities, researchers at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health found that metal concentrations were particularly elevated in CWSs serving semi-urban, Hispanic communities independent of location or region, highlighting environmental justice concerns. These communities had the highest levels of uranium, selenium, barium, chromium, and arsenic concentrations.


Even at low concentrations, uranium represents an important risk factor for the development of chronic diseases. Until now, little epidemiological research had been done on chronic water uranium exposures despite the potential health effects of uranium exposure from CWSs. Uranium, in particular, has been underappreciated in the literature as a public drinking water contaminant of concern. The study results are published in the journal The Lancet Planetary Health.


¡°Previous studies have found associations between chronic uranium exposure and increased risk of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, kidney damage, and lung cancer at high levels of exposure,¡± said Anne Nigra, PhD, assistant professor of Environmental Health Sciences at Columbia Mailman School of Public Health.


 ¡°Our objectives were to estimate CWS metal concentrations across the U.S, and identify sociodemographic subgroups served by these systems that either reported high metal concentration estimates or were more likely to report averages exceeding the U.S. EPA¡¯s maximum contaminant level.¡±


Approximately 90 percent of U.S. residents rely on public drinking water systems, with most residents relying specifically on CWSs that serve the same population year-round. The researchers evaluated six-year EPA review records for antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, mercury, selenium, thallium, and uranium to determine if average concentrations exceeded the maximum contaminant levels set by the EPA which regulates levels for six classes of contaminants. 


This included approximately 13 million records from 139,000 public water systems serving 290 million people annually. The researchers developed average metal concentrations for 37,915 CWSs across the country, and created an online interactive map of estimated metal concentrations at the CWS and county levels to use in future analyses.


According to findings, 2.1 percent of community water systems reported average uranium concentrations from 2000 to 2011 in exceedance of the EPA maximum contamination levels, and uranium was frequently detected during compliance monitoring (63 percent of the time). 


Arsenic, barium, chromium, selenium, and uranium concentrations were also disproportionately elevated in CWSs serving semi-urban, Hispanic populations, raising concerns for these communities and the possibility of influencing inequalities in public drinking water.


Nigra and her colleagues note that the consistent association between elevated CWS metal concentrations and semi¡©-urban, Hispanic communities implies that concentration disparities are a failure of regulatory policy or treatment rather than underlying geology. Hispanic/Latino populations show numerous health disparities, including increased mortality due to diabetes, as well as liver, kidney, and cardiovascular disease.


¡°Additional regulatory policies, compliance enforcement, and improved infrastructure are therefore necessary to reduce disparities in CWS metal concentrations and protect communities served by public water systems with elevated metal concentrations,¡± said Nigra. ¡°Such interventions and policies should specifically protect the most highly exposed communities to advance environmental justice and protect public health.


Co-authors are Filippo Ravalli, Kathrin Schilling Yuanzhi Yu, and Ana Navas-Acien, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health; Benjamin C Bostick, and Steven N Chillru, Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University; and Anirban Basu, University of London.


The study was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (grants ES010349, ES009089, ES028758, ES029668, 2ES007322);  National Institutes of Health Office Of The Director and National Institute Of Dental & Craniofacial Research (grant OD031849).


The paper is accompanied by an interactive website of public water contaminants across the U.S., which is available for use by researchers and even community members to explore spatial patterns in public drinking water contaminants nationwide.


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(https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/public-health-now/news/uranium-detectable-two-thirds-us-community-water-system-monitoring-records) / 2022³â 4¿ù 6ÀÏÀÚ ¿¬±¸º¸°í¼­]

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