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[Çؿܺ¸°í¼­] ¹Ì±¹ NEWT, ž翭 Á÷Á¢ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ´ã¼öÈ­ ¸ðµâ ¹æ½Ä °³¹ßÁß
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[Çؿܺ¸°í¼­] ¹Ì±¹ NEWT, ž翭 Á÷Á¢ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ´ã¼öÈ­ ¸ðµâ ¹æ½Ä °³¹ßÁß

 

 

¸âºê·¹ÀÎ Áõ·ù¿Í ±¤ ¼öÈ® ³ª³ë Æ÷Åä´Ð½º¸¦ °áÇÕÇÑ ¿ÀÇÁ ±×¸®µå(off-grid) ´ã¼öÈ­ ±â¼úÀÌ ÈÞ½ºÅÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¶óÀ̽º´ëÇб³(Rice University)ÀÇ ¡®³ª³ë±â¼ú È°¼ºÈ­ ¼ö󸮼¾ÅÍ(NEWT)¡¯¿¡¼­ °³¹ß ÁßÀÌ´Ù.

 

NEWTÀÇ '³ª³ë ±¤ÀÚ-È°¼ºÈ­ ÅÂ¾ç ¸· Áõ·ù(nanophotonics-enabled solar membrane distillation)' ±â¼ú ¶Ç´Â NESMD ´Â ±¹¸³°úÇоÆÄ«µ¥¹Ì(PNAS)ÀÇ ³í¹®Áý¿¡ ±â¼úµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

 

Á÷Á¢ ÅÂ¾ç ´ã¼öÈ­
NEWAT´Â 150°³±¹¿¡¼­ 18,000°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ´ã¼öÈ­ ¼³ºñ¸¦ ¿î¿µÇÏ°í ÀÖÁö¸¸ NEWT´Â ÀÚ»çÀÇ ´ã¼öÈ­ ±â¼úÀÌ ¿À´Ã³¯ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ±â¼ú°ú ´Ù¸£´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

 

¿¬±¸¸¦ ÁÖµµÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¶óÀ̽º´ëÇÐ °úÇÐÀÚÀÌÀÚ ¼öÁúÀü¹®°¡ÀÎ Ä¡¸° ¸®(Qilin Li)´Â "Á÷Á¢ ½Ä¿° ´ã¼öÈ­´Â ±ú²ýÇÑ À½¿ë¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¢±Ù¼ºÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÑ ¾à 10¾ï ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇÑ °ÔÀÓ Ã¼ÀÎÀú°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù"¸é¼­  "ÀÌ ¿ÀÇÁ ±×¸®µå(off-grid) ±â¼úÀº °¡Á¤¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇϱ⿡ ÃæºÐÇÑ ±ú²ýÇÑ ¹°À» ¼ÒÇü Dz ÇÁ¸°Æ®(footprint)·Î Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ´ë±Ô¸ð Ä¿¹Â´ÏƼ¿¡¼­ ¹°À» °ø±ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï È®ÀåµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù"°í °­Á¶Çß´Ù.

 

¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº Çؼö¿¡¼­ ´ã¼ö¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â °¡Àå ¿À·¡µÈ ¹æ¹ýÀº Áõ·ù¹ýÀ̶ó°í ¼³¸íÇß´Ù. ¼Ò±Ý¹°ÀÌ ²ú°í, Áõ±â°¡ Æ÷ÁýµÇ¾î ÀÀÃà ÄÚÀÏÀ» Åë°úÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Áõ·ù¿¡´Â º¹ÀâÇÑ ÀÎÇÁ¶ó°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¸ç ¹°À» ²úÀÌ°í Áõ±â¸¦ »ý¼ºÇϴµ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¿­ÀÇ ¾ç ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿¡³ÊÁö°¡ ºñÈ¿À²ÀûÀÌ´Ù. ¹° Áõ·ù ½Ã¼³ ¿î¿µºñ¿ëÀÇ Àý¹Ý ÀÌ»óÀÌ ¿¡³ÊÁöºñ¿ëÀÌ´Ù.

 

¸· Áõ·ù´Â ´ã¼öÈ­¸¦ À§ÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ±â¼úÀÌ´Ù. °í¿ÂÀÇ ¿°¼ö´Â ´Ù°ø¼º ¸·ÀÇ ÇѸéÀ» °¡·ÎÁú·¯ È帣°í Â÷°¡¿î ´ã¼ö´Â ´Ù¸¥¸éÀ» °¡·ÎÁú·¯ È帥´Ù. ¼öÁõ±â´Â °í¿Â¿¡¼­ Àú¿ÂÀ¸·Î ¸âºê·¹ÀÎÀ» ÅëÇØ ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î ÈíÀεȴÙ. ¹Ù´å¹°ÀÌ ²úÀÏ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿¡³ÊÁö ¿ä±¸·®Àº ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ Áõ·ù¹ýº¸´Ù ÀûÁö¸¸ ¿­ÀÌ ¸âºê·¹ÀÎÀÇ °í¿Â¿¡¼­ °è¼Ó ¼Õ½ÇµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù.

 

 "±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¸âºê·¹ÀÎ Áõ·ù¿Í ´Þ¸® NESMD´Â ±Ô¸ð¿¡ µû¸¥ È¿À²¼º Áõ°¡·Î ÀÌÀÍÀ» ¾ò´Â´Ù. ÃÖÀûÀÇ Áõ·ù¾× ÀüȯÀ» À§ÇÑ ÆßÇÎ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ÃÖ¼ÒÈ­ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ¸ç ´õ »ý»êÀûÀÌ°í È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î ±â¼úÀ» ÃÖÀûÈ­ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù" °í À̹ø ³í¹®ÀÇ ÀúÀÚÀÌÀÚ NEWTÀÇ ³ª³ë Æ÷Åä´Ð½º ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ¸®´õÀÎ ¶óÀ̽º´ëÇÐ ÇÒ¶ó½º(Halas)´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

 

NEWTÀÇ ½Å±â¼úÀº ÇÒ¶ó½º(Halas)ÀÇ ¿¬±¸½Ç¿¡¼­ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿© Áõ±â¸¦ »ý¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÇÞºûÀÇ 80%¸¦ ¼öÈ®ÇÏ´Â °øÇÐÀû ³ª³ë ÀÔÀÚ¸¦ Á¦Á¶ÇÑ´Ù. ½ÃÆÇÁßÀÎ ³ª³ë ÀÔÀÚ¸¦ ´Ù°ø¼º ¸âºê·¹Àο¡ Ãß°¡ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á NEWT´Â ¸âºê·¹ÀÎÀ» º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ¹°À» °¡¿­ÇÏ¿© ¸âºê·¹ÀÎ Áõ·ù¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â ÀÏ¸é °¡¿­ ¿ä¼Ò·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î ³õ¾Ò´Ù.

 

 "Á÷Á¢ ž籤½Ä ´ã¼öÈ­¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¼öÁú Á¤È­¸· ³»¿¡¼­ÀÇ ±¤¿­ ³­¹æ±â´É ÅëÇÕÀº ¼öÁúÁ¤È­¿¡ »õ·Î¿î ±âȸ¸¦ ¿­¾îÁØ´Ù"¶ó°í »õ·Î¿î ¿¬±¸ÀÇ °øµ¿ÀúÀÚÀÌÀÚ NEWTÀÇ ¼ö¼®¿¬±¸¿øÀÎ Menale' Menachem 'Meny'Elimelech´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.


¸ðµâ·¯ ½Ã½ºÅÛ
PNAS ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ¼¼ ¿ìÇ¥ÀÇ Å©±â¿Í ´ÜÁö ¸î ¹Ð¸®¹ÌÅÍ(§®)ÀÇ µÎ²²¿¡ ´ëÇÑ NESMD è¹ö Å×½ºÆ®¸¦ ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÇÑ °³³ä Áõ¸í °á°ú¸¦ Á¦½ÃÇß´Ù. è¹ö ³»ÀÇ Áõ·ù ¸·¿¡´Â ´Ù°ø¼º Æú¸®¸Ó¿¡ ÁÖÀÔµÈ Ä«º» ºí·¢ ³ª³ë ÀÔÀÚÀÇ Æ¯¼ö ¼³°èµÈ ÃÖ»óÃþÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. ºûÀ» Æ÷ȹÇÏ´Â ³ª³ë ÀÔÀÚ´Â ÇÞºû¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ ¸âºê·¹ÀÎÀÇ Àüü Ç¥¸éÀ» °¡¿­ÇÑ´Ù. ¾ãÀº ¹Ý ¹Ð¸®¹ÌÅÍ(§®) µÎ²²ÀÇ ¼Ò±Ý¹° ÃþÀÌ Ä«º» ºí·¢Ãþ À§¿¡ Èê·¶°í Â÷°¡¿î ´ã¼ö È帧ÀÌ ¾Æ·¡·Î È帥´Ù.

 

Ä¡¸° ¸®(Qilin Li)´Â  "·»Áî°¡ ÇÞºûÀ» 25¹ø ÁýÁß½ÃÅ°´Âµ¥ »ç¿ëµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ °­µµ´Â 17.5kw/§³·Î Áõ°¡ÇßÀ¸¸ç ¹° »ý»ê·®Àº ½Ã°£´ç ¾à 6lkw/§³·Î Áõ°¡Çß´Ù"¸é¼­ "ÇÞºûÀ» ÁýÁß½ÃÅ´À¸·Î½á ¹° »ý»ê·®ÀÌ Å©°Ô Áõ°¡Çß´Ù"°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

 

NEWT ÆÀÀº ÀÌ¹Ì ¾à 70cm¡¿25cm Å©±âÀÇ ÆгÎÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ÈξÀ Å« ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù.  ±Ã±ØÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÀÚ´Â ÇÏ·ç ¹° ¼ö¿ä¿¡ µû¶ó ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸¸Å­ÀÇ ÆгÎÀ» ÁÖ¹®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµâ½Ä ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» »ý»êÇϱ⸦ Èñ¸ÁÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

 

Ä¡¸° ¸®(Qilin Li)´Â "ž翭 Áý¿­ÆÇ°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î Á¶¸³ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¹° »ý¼º ¼Óµµ¿¡ µû¶ó ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸· ¸éÀûÀ» °è»êÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ½Ã°£´ç 20§¤°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°í ÆгÎÀÌ 1§³´ç 6§¤¸¦ »ý»êÇÒ °æ¿ì 3§³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÆгÎÀ» ÁÖ¹®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù"¶ó°í °­Á¶Çß´Ù.


[¿ø¹®º¸±â]


Direct solar desalination offers modular, off-grid water treatment


An off-grid desalination technology that combines membrane distillation with light-harvesting nanophotonics is being developed by the Centre for Nanotechnology Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT) at Rice University.


NEWT¡¯s 'nanophotonics-enabled solar membrane distillation' technology, or NESMD, is described in an article in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).

 

Direct solar desalination
More than 18,000 desalination plants operate in 150 countries, but NEWT says its desalination technology is unlike any other used today.

 

¡°Direct solar desalination could be a game changer for some of the estimated 1 billion people who lack access to clean drinking water,¡± says Rice scientist and water treatment expert Qilin Li, a corresponding author on the study. ¡°This off-grid technology is capable of providing sufficient clean water for family use in a compact footprint, and it can be scaled up to provide water for larger communities.¡±

 

The oldest method for making freshwater from salt water is distillation, the research team explains. Salt water is boiled, and the steam is captured and run through a condensing coil. However, distillation requires complex infrastructure and is energy inefficient due to the amount of heat required to boil water and produce steam. More than half the cost of operating a water distillation plant is for energy.

 

Membrane distillation is an emerging technology for desalination. Hot salt water is flowed across one side of a porous membrane and cold freshwater is flowed across the other. Water vapour is naturally drawn through the membrane from the hot to the cold side. Because the seawater does not need to be boiled, the energy requirements are less than for traditional distillation, but still significant because heat is continuously lost from the hot side of the membrane to the cold.

 

¡°Unlike traditional membrane distillation, NESMD benefits from increasing efficiency with scale,¡± explains Rice¡¯s Naomi Halas, a corresponding author on the paper and the leader of NEWT¡¯s nanophotonics efforts. ¡°It requires minimal pumping energy for optimal distillate conversion, and there are a number of ways we can further optimise the technology to make it more productive and efficient.¡±

 

NEWT¡¯s new technology builds upon research in Halas¡¯ lab to create engineered nanoparticles that harvest as much as 80% of sunlight to generate steam. By adding low-cost, commercially available nanoparticles to a porous membrane, NEWT has essentially turned the membrane into a one-sided heating element that heats the water to drive membrane distillation.

 

¡°The integration of photothermal heating capabilities within a water purification membrane for direct, solar-driven desalination opens new opportunities in water purification,¡± says Yale University ¡®s Menachem 'Meny'Elimelech, a co-author of the new study and NEWT¡¯s lead researcher for membrane processes.

 

Modular system
In the PNAS study, researchers offered proof-of-concept results based on tests with an NESMD chamber about the size of three postage stamps and just a few millimetres thick. The distillation membrane in the chamber contained a specially designed top layer of carbon black nanoparticles infused into a porous polymer. The light-capturing nanoparticles heated the entire surface of the membrane when exposed to sunlight. A thin half-millimetre-thick layer of salt water flowed atop the carbon-black layer, and a cool freshwater stream flowed below.

 

Li says the water production rate increased greatly by concentrating the sunlight. ¡°The intensity got up 17.5 kW/m2 when a lens was used to concentrate sunlight by 25 times, and the water production increased to about 6 l/m2 per hour.¡±

 

The NEWT team has already made a much larger system that contains a panel that is about 70 cm by 25 cm. Ultimately, they hope to produce a modular system where users could order as many panels as they needed based on daily water demands.

 

¡°You could assemble these together, just as you would the panels in a solar farm,¡± Li says. ¡°Depending on the water production rate you need, you could calculate how much membrane area you would need. For example, if you need 20 l/hr, and the panels produce 6 l/hr per m2, you would order a little over 3 m2 of panels.¡±

 

[Ãâó = Filtration+Separation(www.filtsep.com) / 2017³â 6¿ù 21ÀÏ]

 

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