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À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2016.02.18 Á¶È¸¼ö 1257
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ÇöÀå µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ È¿°úÀû¡¤°æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡Àå È¿À²ÀûÀÎ »õ·Î¿î ±â¼ú
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¡ã µ¥ÀÌºê ¿¡ÀÌÆÛÆ®(Dave Eifert)Phoenix Contact»ç ¹°»ê¾÷ ¸Å´ÏÀú
¿À´Ã³¯ ¡®IoE(Internet of Everything)¡¯, ¡®IoT(Internet of Things)¡¯, ¡®Å¬¶ó¿ìµå(the cloud)¡¯¶ó´Â ¿ë¾î¸¦ Àû¾îµµ ÇÑ ¹ø ÀÌ»ó º¸Áö ¾Ê°í´Â ½Å¹®À̳ª ÀâÁö µî ¹Ìµð¾î¸¦ ÀÐÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ¸ç ¹° °ü·Ã »çÀÌŬÀÇ ÇÑ ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î¼­ Ŭ¶ó¿ìµå¸¦ »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â ¿ì¸®µé¿¡°Ô ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÇýÅÃÀ» ÁÙ °ÍÀΰ¡. ¶ÇÇÑ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ÇѼø°£ÀÇ À¯Çà¾îÀΰ¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¼öó¸® Ç÷£Æ® ¿î¿µ °³¼±À» À§ÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀΰ¡. ¹° °ü·Ã ºÐ¾ß¿¡ Á¾»çÇÏ´Â À̵鿡°Ô ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿ë¾îÀÇ °³³äÀÌ ¾÷¹«¿¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â È®°íÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´äÀ¸·Î ÇǴнº ÄÁÅÃÆ®(Phoenix Contact)»çÀÇ µ¥ÀÌºê ¿¡ÀÌÆÛÆ®(Dave Eifert) ¹°»ê¾÷ ¸Å´ÏÀú°¡ °ËÅäÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» ¹ø¿ªÇß´Ù. 
 [¹ø¿ª = ±è´ö¿¬ º»Áö ÆíÁýÀ§¿ø]

¹°»ê¾÷¿¡¼­ ÇÙ½ÉÀûÀÎ ¾÷¹« °³¿ä(Focusing on core objectives)
¹° °ü·Ã »ê¾÷¿¡¼­ ¸ðµç ¾÷¹«¸¦ ¿øÈ°È÷ ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±×¸® ½±Áö ¾ÊÀº ÀÏÀÌ¸ç °³º°Àû ¾÷¹«¼öÇà¿¡¼­ Á÷¸éÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦Á¡À¸·Î ¡â´Ù¾çÇÑ ±â¼ú·ÂÀ» º¸À¯ÇÑ Àü¹®°¡ÀÇ ÀºÅð·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÀÛ¾÷ ´É·Â °¨¼Ò ¡â»è°¨µÈ ¿î¿µÀÚ±Ý Á¶´Þ ¡âÁ¡Â÷ Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â ±ÔÁ¦ ±ÔÁ¤ ¡â°¡¹³Çö»ó Áõ°¡ ¡â¹°ºÎÁ· ±Øº¹À» À§ÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ´ëÃ¥ ¼ö¸³(ÀçÀÌ¿ë µî) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
 
   
¡ã ¹° °ü·Ã »ê¾÷¿¡¼­ ¸ðµç ¾÷¹«¸¦ ¿øÈ°È÷ ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±×¸® ½±Áö ¾ÊÀº ÀÏÀ̹ǷΠº¸´Ù Áß¿äÇÏ°í º¹ÀâÇÑ ¾÷¹«´Â ÀϺΠ¼Ò¼ö ÀοøÀ¸·Î ¿î¿µµÇ¸ç º¹¼öÀÛ¾÷ÀÇ ¿øÈ°ÇÑ ¼öÇàÀ» À§ÇØ »õ·Î¿î ±â¼úÀ̳ª ¼­ºñ½º ¸ðµ¨À» ã´Â °ÍÀº ´ç¿¬ÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ ¼öó¸® Ç÷£Æ®¿¡µµ »ç¹°ÀÎÅͳÝ(IoE ȤÀº IoT) ±â¼úÀÌ ±ÞºÎ»óÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. [»çÁøÃâó = ÇǴнº ÄÁÅÃÆ®»ç ȨÆäÀÌÁö(www.phoenixcontact.com)]
º¸´Ù Áß¿äÇÏ°í º¹ÀâÇÑ ¾÷¹«ÀÇ ¼öÇàÀº ÀϺΠ¼Ò¼öÀÇ ÀοøÀ¸·Î ¿î¿µµÇ¸ç º¹¼öÀÛ¾÷ÀÇ ¿øÈ°ÇÑ ¼öÇàÀ» À§ÇØ »õ·Î¿î ±â¼úÀ̳ª ¼­ºñ½º ¸ðµ¨À» ã´Â °ÍÀº ´ç¿¬ÇÏ°Ô ÀνĵȴÙ. »õ·Î¿î ±â¼úÀÌ °³¹ßµÇ¸é Àü¹®ÀηµéÀº º¸´Ù ÇÙ½ÉÀûÀÎ ´Ù¸¥ ¾÷¹«¿¡ ¸ôµÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î »ç¹°ÀÎÅͳÝ(IoE ȤÀº IoT) ±â¼úÀÌ ºÎ»óÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

»ç¹°ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ±â¼úÀº ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ¿¬°á¸ÁÀ» ±âÃÊ·Î ÇÏ´Â »õ·Î¿î ±â¼ú·Î Ç÷£Æ® ÇöÀåÀÇ ¸ðµç ÀåÄ¡µéÀ» ½º¸¶Æ® ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÇöÀåÀÇ ½Ç½Ã°£ Á¤º¸¸¦ »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô ½Å¼ÓÈ÷ °ø±ÞÇØÁÖ´Â »õ·Î¿î ¼­ºñ½º¸ðµ¨ ±â¼úÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ±â¼úÀº »ç¿ëÀÚ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼­ ¾ðÁ¦ ¾îµð¼­³ª Ç÷£Æ®ÀÇ ¸ðµç Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ò±â À§ÇØ º¸Åë Á¦3ÀÚ ¼­ºñ½º °ø±Þ»ç¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇØ Åë½Å¿ë ÀÎÇÁ¶ó ±¸Ãà ¹× º°µµ·Î ƯȭµÈ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ±¸ÀÔ¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °Å´ëÇÑ ÅõÀÚºñ¿ëÀ» ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. À̷νá Ç÷£Æ® ³» ¼öó¸® ´ã´çÀڴ ó¸®µÈ ¹°ÀÇ Ã»Á¤µµ¸¦ Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇÑ °íÀ¯ ¾÷¹«¿¡¸¸ ÁýÁßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
 
Accomplishing the jobs in the water industry seems to get more difficult. The issues facing the industry are well established and include ¡âRetiring personnel reducing the workforce and taking important knowledge with them ¡âReduced funding ¡âIncreasing regulations ¡âDrought ¡âStrategies(such as reuse) to overcome water scarcity.

With potentially fewer people to complete more complex work, looking to new technologies and service-delivery models to accomplish peripheral tasks makes sense. With this technology, water treatment professionals can focus on the main task. This type application is when the Internet of Things (IoT) makes sense.

IoT is new technology and a new service-delivery model that makes in-the-field devices smart and allows them to provide near real-time information to end users anywhere, as long as they have an Internet connection. It is a way to avoid heavy investments in communication infrastructure and specialized software by relying on third-party providers to make end users information available anywhere at any time. It allows water treatment professionals to focus on keeping the water clean, while trusting technology to deliver the data required to accomplish their clean-water mission.
 
 
   
¡ã »ç¹°ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ±â¼úÀº ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ¿¬°á¸ÁÀ» ±âÃÊ·Î ÇÏ´Â »õ·Î¿î ±â¼ú·Î Ç÷£Æ® ÇöÀåÀÇ ¸ðµç ÀåÄ¡µéÀ» ½º¸¶Æ® ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÇöÀåÀÇ ½Ç½Ã°£ Á¤º¸¸¦ »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô ½Å¼ÓÈ÷ °ø±ÞÇØÁÖ´Â »õ·Î¿î ¼­ºñ½º ¸ðµ¨ ±â¼úÀÌ´Ù. »ç¹°ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ±â¼úÀ» Àû¿ëÇϸé Ç÷£Æ® ³» ¼öó¸® ´ã´çÀڴ ó¸®µÈ ¹°ÀÇ Ã»Á¤µµ¸¦ Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇÑ °íÀ¯ ¾÷¹«¿¡¸¸ ÁýÁßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¿îÀüÀÎÀÚ ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ »ç·Ê ¿¬±¸(Sample scenario)
¹°ÀÇ ¹è¼Û½Ã½ºÅÛ ³»ÀÇ ÀÜ·ù¿°¼Ò·®Àº ÀϺΠ±ÔÁ¤¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ ¼öÁØ ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î À¯ÁöµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÑÆí ¹è¼Û½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ Á¾ÂøÁöÁ¡±îÁö´Â ¼öó¸® Ç÷£Æ®·ÎºÎÅÍ »ó´çÇÑ °Å¸®·Î ¶³¾îÁ® ÀÖ°í ±× »çÀÌ´Â ¾ð´ö¡¤¼öÇ®´ÜÁö ¹× °Å´ëÇÑ ºôµù µîÀ¸·Î ¸·Èù »óȲÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± »óȲ¿¡¼­ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô Ç÷£Æ®ÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿îÀüÀÎÀÚµéÀ» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ°í ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¼öµ¿ ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ, SCADA ½Ã½ºÅÛ »ç¿ë ¹× »ç¹°ÀÎÅÍ³Ý Àû¿ëÀÇ 3°¡Áö ÇØ°áÃ¥ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù.
 
Chlorine residual at the end of a distribution system must remain above a certain level to meet regulations and ensure public health. The end of the distribution system is miles away from the treatment plant, with hills, thick forest and tall buildings in between. Three solutions, detailed in this section, could be implemented to measure and monitor this safety-critical parameter.
 
¼öµ¿ ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ(Manual approach)
Ç÷£Æ® °¨µ¶ÀÚ´Â ÇÏ·ç¿¡ ÇÑ ¹ø ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁø ¹è¼Û½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ´Ü¸»±â ´ã´çÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÀÜ·ù¿°¼Ò°ªÀ» ¼öµ¿À¸·Î °Ë»çÇϵµ·Ï Áö½ÃÇÑ´Ù. °Ë»ç´Â º¸Åë 5ºÐÀÌ ¼Ò¿äµÇ°í º¸°í µîÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇØ Àüü 1½Ã°£ÀÌ ¼Ò¿äµÈ´Ù. ¶§¹®¿¡ ´ã´çÀÚ´Â ¸ÅÁÖ 5½Ã°£ ¹Ý Á¤µµ¸¦ ÀÜ·ù¿°¼Ò È®Àο¡ ¼Ò¿äÇؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î Å×½ºÆ®¿ë Àåºñ µî Àç·áºñ´Â Å«ºñ¿ëÀÌ ¼Ò¿äµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸³ª Â÷·® À¯·ùºñ ¹× ¼Õ¸Á½Çºñ¿ëÀº Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ÅõÀԵǾî¾ß ÇÏ´Â µ¿½Ã¿¡ »ó´çÇÑ ºñ¿ëÀÌ ¼Ò¿äµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °¡Àå Å« ºñ¿ëÇ׸ñÀº ´ã´çÀÚ°¡ °¡Ä¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇÙ½É ¾÷¹«¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°í ÇÑÁÖ¿¡ 5½Ã°£ ¹Ý µ¿¾È ´Ù¸¥ ¾÷¹«¿¡ ½Ã°£À» ¼Ò¸ðÇÏ´Â ÀΰǺñ Ç׸ñÀÌ´Ù.
 
The superintendent sends one of the municipalitys representatives to the distant end of the distribution system once per day to manually check chlorine residual level. The test takes 5 minutes. The round trip takes 60 minutes. With this solution, nearly 5 hours of the staffs limited time each week is allocated to verifying the chlorine residual level. From a materials cost perspective, the testing kit is inexpensive. The wear and tear on and the fuel for a vehicle are appreciable ongoing costs. The most significant cost is the opportunity cost of losing the staff members availability to complete more valuable tasks for 5 hours per week.
 
 
   
¡ã »ç¹°ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ±â¼úÀº ÇöÀåÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ È¿°úÀûÀ̸鼭 °æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡Àå È¿À²ÀûÀÎ »õ·Î¿î ±â¼ú·Î ¼öó¸® Ç÷£Æ®ÀÇ ¿îÀü °ü·Ã Á¦¹Ý »óȲÀ» °³¼±½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â È¿°ú¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. »çÁøÀº ÀϺ» ÈÄÄí¿ÀÄ« ¿ì¹Ì³ë³ªÄ«¹ÌÄ¡ Çؼö´ã¼öÈ­¼¾ÅÍ(¸¶¹ÌÁîÇǾÆ) Áß¾ÓÁ¦¾î½Ç.
SCADA ½Ã½ºÅÛ »ç¿ë(Traditional SCADA approach)
Ç÷£Æ®ÀÇ °¨µ¶ÀÚ´Â SCADA(supervisory control and data acquisition) ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» Ç÷£Æ® ³»¿¡ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â ÇÑÆí, Ç÷£Æ® Á¦¾î½Ç(control room)¿¡¼­ ±Ù¹«ÇÏ´Â ´ã´çÀÚ´Â ÀÜ·ù¿°¼Ò°ªÀÌ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ÃøÁ¤µÇ¾î º¸°íµÇ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÃøÁ¤µÈ °ªÀº ÄÁÆ®·Ñ·¯ ÀåÄ¡¿¡ ÀԷ½ÅÈ£·Î º¸³»Áö¸ç ÃøÁ¤°ªÀÌ ±âÁØ¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡Áö ¸øÇϸé ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î È­ÇÐÀû ÁÖÀÔÀåÄ¡¸¦ °¡µ¿½ÃÄÑ Á¤»óÈ­ÇÏ´Â ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ SCADA ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ¸·Î ´ã´çÁ÷¿øÀÇ ½Ã°£À» ÁÖ´ç ¾à 5½Ã°£ ¹Ý °¡·® Àý¾àÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÜ·ù¿°¼Ò ÃøÁ¤À» À§ÇØ À̵¿ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¼Ò¿äµÇ´Â Â÷·® À¯·ùºñ µîÀÇ ºñ¿ëÀ» Å©°Ô Àý¾àÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

±×·¯³ª ¿ø°ÝÅ͹̳ΠÀåÄ¡(RTU, Remote Terminal Unit)ÀÇ ¼³Ä¡¿¡´Â ¾à 1¸¸ ´Þ·¯°¡ ¼Ò¿äµÇ¹Ç·Î  ³ôÀº ÅõÀÚºñ¿ëÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇϸç, RTU·ÎºÎÅÍ ½ÅÈ£¸¦ ¹Þ°í ÀÌ ½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÄÁÆ®·Ñ ·ëÀ¸·Î Àü¼ÛÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀÇ ¹«¼±±¹ ÀåÄ¡°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ´Â À§Ä¡¸¦ °áÁ¤Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ ¿£Áö´Ï¾î¸µ ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹«¼±ÀåÄ¡°¡ ½ÅÈ£Àü¼ÛÀ» ¿øÈ°È÷ Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¼³Ä¡µÈ´Ù¸é Àüü ÀÎÇÁ¶ó ºñ¿ëÀº ¼ö¸¸ ´Þ·¯·Î Áõ°¡µÈ´Ù. ó¸®Àå¿¡¼­´Â SCADA ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ ÀåÂøÇÑ ¼­¹ö ±¸ÀÔÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¸ç ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ ÇöÀå¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ Àû¿ëÀ» À§ÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ÅëÇÕÀåÄ¡(system integrator)°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¼­¹ö¿Í ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¸®, À¯Áöº¸¼ö ¹× ¾÷±×·¹ÀÌµå µî Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ ¿îÀüºñ¿ëµµ °í·ÁÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
 
The superintendent invests in a traditional supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system to automatically measure and report the chlorine residual level to the treatment plants staff in the control room. This level data can be sent as an input to the process controller to automatically turn on dosing equipment to offset any drop in chlorine residual level. The SCADA system saves 5 hours per week in staff time. It also eliminates the cost of the vehicle used for traveling to check chlorine residual level.

 Fairly large capital costs would be incurred because installing a remote terminal unit (RTU) may cost up to $10,000. Also, an engineering study would likely need to be conducted to determine the locations at which to install the radio repeaters to receive the signal from the RTU and send it to the control room.

If a dedicated radio tower must be erected to enable signal transmission, the overall infrastructure costs could be in the tens of thousands of dollars. At the treatment plant, a server with dedicated SCADA software would need to be purchased, and a system integrator would likely need to be hired to develop custom software system overview screens. Ongoing costs would consist of patching, maintenance and upgrade management on the server and software.
 
 
   
¡ã »ç¹°ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ±â¼úÀº ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ SCADA ¹æ½ÄÀÇ ±â¼ú°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ¼öÀÛ¾÷¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÀÜ·ù¿°¼ÒÃøÁ¤À» ÇÏ´Â ´ã´çÀÚÀÇ °ü·Ã ¾÷¹«½Ã°£À» Àý°¨ÇÏ´Â ÀåÁ¡À» °¡Áø´Ù.
»ç¹°ÀÎÅÍ³Ý Àû¿ë(An IoT approach)
ÀÌ ±â¼úÀº ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ SCADA ¹æ½ÄÀÇ ±â¼ú°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ¼öÀÛ¾÷¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÀÜ·ù¿°¼Ò¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ´ã´çÀÚÀÇ °ü·Ã¾÷¹«½Ã°£À» Àý°¨ÇÏ´Â ÀåÁ¡À» °¡Áø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ±â¼úÀº ¾à 1¸¸ ´Þ·¯°¡ ¼Ò¿äµÇ´Â ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ PLC ±â¹ÝÀÇ RTUÀåÄ¡, ¼ö¸¸ ´Þ·¯ÀÇ ¹«¼±±¹ÀåÄ¡ ¹× ¼öõ ´Þ·¯ »ó´çÀÇ Àü¿ë ¼­¹ö, SCADA ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â ±â¼ú°ú´Â ÀüÇô ´Ù¸¥ Áغñ°úÁ¤ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.

¿ì¼± ÃÖÁ¾»ç¿ëÀÚ ´ë½Å¿¡ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ÅëÇÕÀåÄ¡¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ »ç¿ëÀÚ´Â ÀÚü Ŭ¶ó¿ìµå ±â¹ÝÀÇ RTUÀåÄ¡¸¦ ±¸ÀÔ(PLC ±âÃÊÀÇ RTU ¼³Ä¡±Ý¾×ÀÇ 1/2 Á¤µµ)ÇÑ ÈÄ ¼³Ä¡ÇØ¾ß Çϸç, ¼³Ä¡µÈ RTU¸¦ µ¿ÀÛ½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ Å¬¶ó¿ìµå ±â¹ÝÀÇ ¿ø°Ý¸ð´ÏÅ͸µÀ» Àü¹®À¸·Î ÇÏ´Â ¼­ºñ½º ¾÷ü¿Í »ç¿ë°è¾àÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ °è¾àÀ¸·Î ÃÖÁ¾»ç¿ëÀÚ´Â Ç÷£Æ® ¿îÀü»óÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ Áï½Ã ÈÞ´ëÆù, ÅÂºí¸´ ȤÀº ÀÎÅͳݿ¡ ¿¬°áµÈ µ¥½ºÅ©Å¾ ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ½Ç½Ã°£À¸·Î ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

Ŭ¶ó¿ìµå ±â¹ÝÀÇ ¿ø°Ý¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ ¼­ºñ½º ¾÷ü¿¡ ¿ù¸¶´Ù °íÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ÁöºÒÇÏ´Â ºñ¿ëÀº RTU·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸ðµç Á¤º¸¸¦ ÈÞ´ëÆùÀ¸·Î Àü¼Û ¹Þ´Â ÈÞ´ëÆù ºñ¿ë ¹× ¼­ºñ½º ¾÷üÀÇ Æнº¿öµå·Î º¸¾ÈÀÌ °­È­µÈ À¥ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á¢¼Óºñ¿ë µîÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵdzª ºñ¿ëÀº ¸Å¿ì Àú·ÅÇÑ ÆíÀÌ´Ù. »ç¹°ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ±â¹ÝÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ Ã¼°è·Î ¾Ë¶÷½ÅÈ£¡¤¿îÀüÀÎÀÚ ÇöȲ¡¤¿îÀüº¸°íÀڷᡤ½Ç½Ã°£ °ü·Ã Àڷᡤ°ú°ÅºÎÅÍÀÇ ÅëÇÕ °ü·Ã ÀÚ·á µî ¸ðµç Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ±â¼úÀÇ ÀÛµ¿ °³¿ä¸¦ [±×¸² 1]¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³Â´Ù.
 
As in the traditional SCADA approach, taking advantage of the IoT frees up staff time when compared to the manual chlorine residual testing method. However, instead of spending nearly $10,000 on a traditional programmable logic controller (PLC) based RTU, tens of thousands for radio and repeater infrastructure, and many thousands more on a dedicated server and SCADA software, the IoT approach requires different setup processes.

First, the end user, (or an installing system integrator working on the end users behalf) would purchase the cloud-based RTU (at less than half the cost of a traditional PLC-based RTU, installed). Next, the customer would contact the cloud-based remote monitoring service provider to activate the RTU. Within a day from the projects start, the end user will begin to see the chlorine residual value on a cellphone, tablet or Internet-connected desktop.

An ongoing monthly cost paid to the cloud-based remote monitoring service provider would cover the cost of the cellular data plan that conveys the data from the RTU to the cellular tower, as well as the cost for accessing the providers password-protected Web portal, on which the end user can view the information. Alarms, trends, reports, historical and near real-time data can all be accessed with this system. Figure 1 illustrates how this works.
 
»ç¹°ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ¹æ½ÄÀÇ Àû¿ë(IoT candidate approach)
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç¹°ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ±â¼úÀÇ Àû¿ëÀº ¾î¶°ÇÑ Àû¿ë ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ°¡. ¹°»ê¾÷°è´Â ¼ö ½Ê ³â µ¿¾È SCADA ½Ã½ºÅÛ ±â¼úÀ» ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇØ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ±¸Á¶ ¹× ¼­ºñ½º Á¦°ø ¸ðµ¨Àº ¹°ÀÇ ¹è¼Û½Ã½ºÅÛ ¹× ¿ø°ÝÁö¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀ» ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ ÇÏ´Â °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ ±â¼ú·Î ´ë´Ù¼öÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù.

±×·¯³ª »ç¹°ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ±â¼úÀº ù°, ¡â¼Ò±Ô¸ð ½Ã½ºÅÛ(Small Water System) ¡âÁ¢±ÙÀÌ ¾î·Á¿î ¿ø°ÝÁöÁ¡¿¡¼­ÀÇ ´ë±Ô¸ð ½Ã½ºÅÛ(Difficult-to-reach, remote site of large water system) ¡âÀ̵¿½Ä ȤÀº °£ÇæÀû ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ(Mobile or temporary monitoring) µîÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù.

ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¼Ò±Ô¸ð Ç÷£Æ®¿¡¼­´Â SCADA ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¼³Ä¡¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ±âº»Àû, °íÁ¤ºñ ¼º°ÝÀÇ ¸¹Àº ºñ¿ë ÅõÀÚ´Â Ä¿´Ù¶õ ºÎ´ãÀÌ µÈ´Ù. »ç¹°ÀÎÅͳÝÀº ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î, ¼­¹öÀåÄ¡, ¹«¼±±¹ÀåÄ¡ µî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚº»Àû ÅõÀÚ°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç Ŭ¶ó¿ìµå ±â¹ÝÀÇ ¿ø°Ý¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ ü°è·Î ÅõÀÚºñ¿ëÀ» Àý¾àÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
 
 
   
¡ã »ç¹°ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ±â¼úÀº ¼Ò±Ô¸ð ½Ã½ºÅÛ, Á¢±ÙÀÌ ¾î·Á¿î ¿ø°ÝÁöÁ¡¿¡¼­ÀÇ ´ë±Ô¸ð ½Ã½ºÅÛ, À̵¿½Ä ȤÀº °£ÇæÀû ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ µîÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù.
µÑ°, ´ë±Ô¸ð Ç÷£Æ®¸¦ ¿î¿µÇÏ´Â ´ë´Ù¼öÀÇ ÃÖÁ¾ ¼ÒºñÀÚ´Â ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ SCADA ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸç SCADA ±â¼úÀÌ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ¿©·¯ ÇýÅÃÀ» ´©¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¹«¼±±¹ Àü¼ÛÀ» È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ÁöÁ¤ÇÐÀû ´Ü¸»±â µî ±â¼ú»óÀÇ ¹®Á¦·Î ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ȸ·Î¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ¿¬°áµÇ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅÍ È¸¼±Àº 1¡­2ȸ¼±À¸·Î Á¦ÇÑµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ø°ÝÁöÁ¡ÀÌ ÈÞ´ëÆù°ú µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Åë½ÅÁ¢¼ÓÀÌ µÇ´Â ÇÑ »ç¹°ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿ø°ÝÁöÁ¡¿¡¼­ÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ »ç¿ëÀÚ °³Àοë ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ È¤Àº ±âÁ¸ ÇöÀåÀÇ SCADA½Ã½ºÅÛÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ Àü¼ÛÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±¸¼ºÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.

¼Â°, ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» µðÀÚÀÎ ÇÒ ¶§  ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¤º¸ÀÇ ½Àµæ ¸ñÀûÀ̳ª ±ÔÁ¦»ó ¿ä±¸»çÇ×ÀÇ ÃæÁ· ¿©ºÎ¸¦ °ËÅäÇϱâ À§ÇØ À¯·®, ¾Ð·Â ¶Ç´Â ±âŸ Áß¿äÇÑ Á¤º¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀϽÃÀûÀÎ ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. »ç¹°ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ±â¼úÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ ±â¼ú·Î RTU¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¸ðµ© ÀåÄ¡´Â ÈÞ´ëÆù°ú Á¢¼ÓµÇ¾î Ŭ¶ó¿ìµå ±â¹ÝÀÇ ¼­¹ö¿¡ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ Àü¼ÛÇϹǷΠÃÖÁ¾»ç¿ëÀÚ´Â ¾îµð¼­µç ÀڷḦ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
 
Which applications are likely to benefit from the IoT approach? The water industry has reliably deployed traditional SCADA systems for decades. In many instances, this traditional system architecture and service delivery model is still the most appropriate way to monitor the water distribution system and remote sites.

The IoT should be embraced in these three application types: ¨ç Small water systems. Historically, the substantial, fixed capital costs associated with a SCADA system have been too high a hurdle for small system operators to pay. With no capital costs related to software, servers or radio infrastructure, a cloud-based, remote monitoring approach lowers the capital cost bar.

¨è Difficult-to-reach, remote sites of large water systems. Many end users responsible for large systems actively use a traditional SCADA system and enjoy the benefits that SCADA provides. However, the system may have one or two sites that have proven too challenging to connect to the network because of topography, foliage or some other barrier to effective radio frequency transmission. As long as the remote site has connectivity to a cellular tower, an IoT system can connect these orphaned, remote sites data to the end users personnel or onto the same PCs that run the existing on-site SCADA system.

¨é Mobile or temporary monitoring. Sometimes temporarily monitoring flow, pressure or some analytical value to assist in system planning or to satisfy regulatory requirements is beneficial. The IoT makes this easy. An RTUs cellular modem simply connects to the nearest cellular tower and transmits the data to the cloud-based server, from which it is available for the end user to view from anywhere.
 
°á¾î(Conclusion)
»ç¹°ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ±â¼úÀº ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ °³¹ßµÈ ÇѼø°£ÀÇ À¯Ç༺ ±â¼úÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ÇöÀåÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ È¿°úÀûÀ̸鼭 °æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡Àå È¿À²ÀûÀÎ »õ·Î¿î ±â¼úÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ±â¼úÀÇ Àû¿ëÀ¸·Î Ç÷£Æ® ´ã´çÀÚ´Â ÇÙ½ÉÀûÀÎ °íÀ¯ÀÇ ¾÷¹«¿¡ ¸ôµÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¾î ¼öó¸® Ç÷£Æ®ÀÇ ¿îÀü °ü·Ã Á¦¹Ý »óȲÀ» °³¼±½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â È¿°ú¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù.
 
The IoT is not just the latest buzzword. It describes a valuable new way to acquire data effectively and inexpensively. This technology ultimately enables water professionals to focus on their core missions and enhance water system operations. 
 
 
   
¡ã »ç¹°ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ±â¼úÀº ÇöÀåÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ È¿°úÀûÀ̸鼭 °æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡Àå È¿À²ÀûÀÎ »õ·Î¿î ±â¼ú·Î ¼öó¸® Ç÷£Æ®ÀÇ ¿îÀü °ü·Ã Á¦¹Ý »óȲÀ» °³¼±½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â È¿°ú¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. »çÁøÀº ÀϺ» ÈÄÄí¿ÀÄ« ¿ì¹Ì³ë³ªÄ«¹ÌÄ¡ Çؼö´ã¼öÈ­¼¾ÅÍ(¸¶¹ÌÁîÇǾÆ) Áß¾ÓÁ¦¾î½Ç.
[¡º¿öÅÍÀú³Î¡» 2016³â 1¿ùÈ£¿¡ °ÔÀç]
 

 

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