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¡ºUN ¼¼°è¹°°³¹ßº¸°í¼­(World Water Development Report) /Á¦4Æí¡®ºÒÈ®½Ç¼º°ú ¸®½ºÅ©¿¡¼­ ¹°°ü¸®(Managing Water under Uncertainty a
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ÁöÇ¥¿¡ µ¡ºÙÀÏ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅÍÀÇ °æ¿ì, ¼¼°èÀû, ¶Ç´Â Áö¿ªÀû, À¯¿ªÀÇ Â÷¿ø¿¡¼­ ü°èÀûÀÌ°í ½Å·ÚÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ±¸Çϱâ¶õ ½±Áö ¾Ê´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é ±âÈÄ °æÇâÀÌ »ó´çÇÑ ±Ô¸ð·Î ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ±âÈÄ °æÇâÀ» ÃßÀûÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

°èȹ ¹× µðÀÚÀÎ ¸ñÀû¿¡¼­, ¿£Áö´Ï¾îµéÀº ´ë°³ ƯÁ¤ ºÐ¼ö·É°ú À¯¿ª¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¼ö¹® ¼øȯ°úÁ¤ÀÌ ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³ªµµ º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â È®·ü ºÐÆ÷¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¼³¸í °¡´ÉÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í °¡Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. Áï, ¼ö¹® °úÁ¤ÀÇ ¿ª»çÀû, Åë°èÀû Ư¡Àº ½Ã°£ °æ°ú¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª Á¤ÀûÀ̶ó°í °¡Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Áö±¸ÀÇ ±âÈÄ º¯È­¿Í ¿¹Ãø ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ Àΰ£ÀÇ ÇൿÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ º¯È­·Î ´õ¿í ±Ø´ÜÀûÀÎ »ç°ÇÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ¼ö·Ï ¹°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °èȹ°ú °ü¸®´Â ´õ¿í Èûµç ÀÏÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ¹®Á¦´Â ¹° °èȹ°ú °ü¸®¿¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹° °ø±Þ°ú ¼ö¿äÀÇ ºñÁ¤»ó¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °í·Á¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô °¡Àå Àß ¹Ý¿µ½Ãų °ÍÀΰ¡ ÀÌ´Ù.

¹° ÁöÇ¥¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü½ÉÀ» À̲ö ¿äÀÎ Áß¿¡ ÇϳªÀÎ ±âÈĺ¯È­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì·Á°¡ ¡®Á¤ÀûÀÎ ¼ö¹®ÇС¯ °¡Á¤ÀÌ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ¹°ÀÇ °¡¿ë¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Ù°Å·Î »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â ¸íÈ®ÇÑ ÀνÄÀ» ³º¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¼öÀÚ¿ø °¡¿ë¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃßÃøÀÇ ±Ù°ÅÀÎ ÇÏõ À¯·®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼¼°èÀû µ¥ÀÌÅÍÀÇ Á¦ÇÑÀûÀÎ °¡¿ë¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü½É¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃè´Ù. ¿ø°Ý ÃøÁ¤À¸·Î ÃøÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °­¿ì·®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡¿ëÇÑ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â ¸¹ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¹Ý¸é, ÇÏõÀ¸·Î Èê·¯ µé¾î°¡´Â À¯Ãâ¼öÀÇ º¯È­³ª ÁöÇϼöÀÇ ÀçÃæÀüÀº ÈξÀ ÃøÁ¤ÇϱⰡ Èûµé´Ù.

Chapter 6. From raw data to informed decisions
Information about water supply and use is becoming increasingly important to national governments, who need reliable and objective information about the state of water resources, their use and management. Farmers, urban planners, drinking water and wastewater utilities, the disaster management community, business and industry, and environmentalists all need to be informed. The data required to populate the indicators are seldom systematically or reliably available at a global, national, regional or basin level. If actual data are not obtained, trends will not be tracked, even if they are substantial.

For the purposes of planning and design, engineers have typically assumed that the hydrological processes in a particular watershed or basin could be described by probability distributions that were not changing over time; that is, the historical statistical characteristics of those processes were assumed essentially constant over time, or stationary. The more these extreme events happen due to changes in the Earth¡¯s climate or from unpredictable human behaviour, the more challenging it is to plan and manage water. The question is how best to include these nonstationarity considerations of both water supply and demand in water planning and management.

Concerns about climate change, one of the factors that have led to the growing interest in water indicators, explicit recognition that the ¡®stationary hydrology¡¯ assumption can no longer be used as the basis for assessment of water availability. This has focused attention on the limited availability of global data on stream flows, on which estimates of water resource availability must be based. While there are a great deal of available data on precipitation, which can be measured by remote sensing, changes in runoff to rivers or recharge of groundwater are much harder to measure.
 
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¹°ÀÌ »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Ä¡°¡ ³·°í ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô ºÐÆ÷µÇ¾î Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ¹° »ç¿ëÀº Á¾Á¾ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ÃøÁ¤µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¼öÀÚ¿øÀº ´ë°³ ¸¹Àº »óÀÌÇÑ Á¤Ä¡Àû °üÇÒ±Ç °£¿¡¡®°øÀ¯¡¯µÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ »ó·ùÀÇ ±¹°¡µéÀº ÀÚ¿øÀÇ °¡¿ë¼º°ú »ç¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ÇÏ·ù Áö¿ªÀÇ ±¹°¡¿Í °øÀ¯ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â ¹°ÀÇ ºÐÇÒ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÐÀï¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼öµµ Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

¼öÀÚ¿øÀÇ ±ÕÇüÀûÀÎ ÇÒ´ç°ú º¸È£¸¦ À§Çؼ­ ÁöÇ¥µéÀº ½ÅÁßÇÏ°Ô ¼±ÅÃµÇ°í ¼³°èµÈ Á¤Ã¥ ¼ö´ÜÀ» ÁöÁöÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼ö´Üµé¿¡´Â ±ÔÁ¦(¿¹: ±â¼ú Ç¥ÁØ, ¼º´É Ç¥ÁØ)¿Í ÄõÅÍ, Á¢±Ù ±ÔÄ¢, ÇÒ´ç ÀýÂ÷»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °æÁ¦Àû ¼ö´Üµé(ƯÈ÷, °¡°Ý Ã¥Á¤ ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁò ¹× »ýÅÂ°è ¼­ºñ½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁöºÒ) µîÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ.

¹°Àº ´ë°³ °èÀý¸¶´Ù ±× ÇàÅ°¡ º¯È­ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¿¬Àû ±¸Á¶¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, À¯·®°°Àº ´Ü¼øÇÑ ¸Å°³º¯¼ö¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÁ¶Â÷ ´ë°³´Â ¸Å¿ì ¸¹Àº µ·ÀÌ µç´Ù. ¹°°ú ±× »ç¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À¯¿ëÇÑ °¡°øµÈ Á¤º¸ÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ È帧À¸·Î ¾ÆÁ÷ º¯È¯µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ¿ø°Ý ÃøÁ¤À¸·Î ¼öÁýµÈ ´ë±Ô¸ð ÀÚ¿ø ±â¹ÝÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù.

±×·¯³ª, Áö»ó ½ÇÃø Á¤º¸ ¾øÀÌ ¿ø°Ý ÃøÁ¤¸¸À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº À§ÇèÇÒ ¼ö µµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÇöÁ¸ ÇÏÀ̵å·Î¸ÞÆ®(hydromet) ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿Í ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ °­È­ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ¼öÀÚ¿ø °ü¸® ¹× °èȹ, ¼³°è, ¿î¿µÀÇ Çʼö Á¶°ÇÀÌ´Ù. ¹°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸ÀÇ È帧À» Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀÇ °¡Àå È¿°úÀûÀÎ µ¿ÀÎÀº Á¤Ä¡Àû¡¤°æÁ¦Àû È°µ¿ ºÎ¹®ÀÇ Á¤Ã¥ ÀÔ¾ÈÀÚµé°ú Á¤Ã¥ °áÁ¤ÀÚµéÀÇ ¼ö¿äÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Á¤ºÎÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­´Â °æÁ¦Á¤Ã¥ ÀÔ¾ÈÀÚµéÀº ¼öÀÚ¿øÀº Áß¿äÇÏÁö¸¸ ±¹°¡ °æÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿µÇâÀÌ ´ë°³´Â °í·ÁµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀνÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇöÀç ¹° ÀÌÇà»çµéÀÇ ±¹Á¦ °øµ¿Ã¼»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¹° »ç¿ëÀÚ, ¹°¿¡ ÀÌÇØ°¡ °É·ÁÀÖ´Â ´õ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ¼¼°è °øµ¿Ã¼¿¡°Ôµµ ¼öÀÚ¿ø°ú »ç¿ë, »ç¿ëÀÚ, ¹°·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÇýÅÃ, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ÇýÅÃÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ÇÒ´çµÇ´ÂÁö, ±×¸®°í ´©°¡ ±× ºñ¿ë°ú ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» Áû¾îÁö´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸ÀÇ °¡¿ë¼º°ú Áú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ó´çÇÑ Çâ»óÀ» ÀÌ·ç¾î³¾ Å« ±âȸ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

Because of the relatively low value and wide distribution of water, its use is often not measured directly. Because water resources are often ¡®shared¡¯ between a number of different political jurisdictions, there is often a disincentive for upstream communities to share information about resource availability and use with downstream jurisdictions, as the information may be used in disputes about the division of the resource.

To achieve a balanced allocation and protection of water resources, indicators should support policy instruments which are carefully chosen and designed. They may include regulation (e.g. technical standards, performance standards), quotas, access rules and allocation procedures, as well as economic instruments(especially pricing mechanisms and payments for ecosystem services).

Because water occurs in natural structures whose behaviour often varies from one season to the next, measuring simple parameters such as flow is often extremely expensive. There is a huge resource base from remote sensing, which has not yet been translated into significant flow of useful processed information about water and its use.
 
However, using remote sensing data without ground truth may be risky; strengthening existing hydromet networks and services is a necessary condition for proper water resources management, planning, design and operation. The most effective driver of efforts to improve the flow of information about water will be a demand from policy-makers and decision-makers in the socioeconomic sectors of activity.

From a government perspective, economic policymakers have recognized that water resources have an important but largely unaccounted for influence on national economies. There are now significant opportunities for the global community of water practitioners, as well as water users and the much broader community that has a stake in water, to make substantial improvements in the availability and quality of information about the resource, its use, users, benefits derived from its use and how these benefits are allocated, and who bears the costs and negative impacts.
 

»çÇ϶ó »ç¸· ³²ºÎÀÇ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« Áö¿ªÀº °íÁúÀûÀÎ ºó°ï°ú ½Ä·® ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤, ½Ä¼ö¡¤À§»ý½Ã¼³ÀÇ ¸Å¿ì ³·Àº º¸±Þ·ü, ¸¸¿¬ÇÑ Àú°³¹ß¿¡ Á÷¸éÇØ ÀÖ´Ù.
 

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¡á ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« »çÇ϶ó »ç¸· ³²ºÎÀÇ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« Áö¿ªÀº °íÁúÀûÀÎ ºó°ï°ú ½Ä·® ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤, ½Ä¼ö¡¤À§»ý½Ã¼³ÀÇ ¸Å¿ì ³·Àº º¸±Þ·ü, ¸¸¿¬ÇÑ Àú°³¹ß¿¡ Á÷¸éÇØ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ¿Í ÇÔ²² °ÅÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ±¹°¡µéÀÌ ¼öÀÚ¿øÀ» Áö¼Ó°¡´ÉÇÏ°í È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î °³¹ßÇÏ°í °ü¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÎÀû¡¤°æÁ¦Àû¡¤Á¦µµÀû ¿ª·®À» °á¿©ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Àü¹ÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿¡¼­´Â 4¸í Áß ¿ÀÁ÷ 1¸í¸¸ÀÌ Àü±â¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀüÀÌ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ 32%¸¦ °ø±ÞÇϸç, Àç»ç¿ë °¡´ÉÇÑ ¼öÀÚ¿øÀÇ 3%¸¸ÀÌ ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀü¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«´Â ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« Àü±â ÇÊ¿ä·® ¸ðµÎ¸¦ ÃæÁ·½ÃÅ°±â¿¡ ÃæºÐÇÑ ±¤´ëÇÑ ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀü ÀáÀç·ÂÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.

»çÇ϶ó »ç¸· ³²ºÎÀÇ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ °¡¹³Àº Áö¹èÀûÀÎ ±âÈÄ ¸®½ºÅ©ÀÌ´Ù. °¡¹³Àº °æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î »ý°è¿Í ³ó¹ÎµéÀÇ ½Ä·® ¾Èº¸¸¦ Æı«Çϸç, 1/3ÀÇ ±¹°¡ÀÇ ±¹³»ÃÑ»ý»ê(GDP) ¼ºÀå¿¡ »ó´çÈ÷ Å« ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù. È«¼ö ¶ÇÇÑ ±â¹Ý½Ã¼³°ú ±³Åë, Á¦Ç° ¹× ¼­ºñ½ºÀÇ È帧¿¡ ¸Å¿ì Æı«ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ¸ç, ¹° °ø±ÞÀ» ¿À¿°½ÃÄÑ ¼öÀμº Áúº´ÀÇ ¹ß»ýÀ» ¾ß±âÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

Chapter 7. Regional challenges, global impacts
¡á Africa Sub-Saharan Africa faces endemic poverty, food insecurity, very low coverage of both drinking water and sanitation, and pervasive underdevelopment, with almost all countries lacking the human, economic and institutional capacities to effectively develop and manage their water resources sustainably.

Overall, only one in four people in Africa has electricity. Hydropower supplies 32% of Africa¡¯s energy; only 3% of its renewable water resources are exploited for hydroelectricity. Yet the region has vast hydropower potential. enough to meet all the continent¡¯s electricity needs.

Drought in sub-Saharan Africa is the dominant climate risk; it destroys economic livelihoods and farmers¡¯ food sources and has a significant negative effect on GDP growth in one-third of the countries. Floods are also highly destructive . to infrastructure and transportation and to goods and service flows, and they can contaminate water supplies and cause waterborne disease epidemics.
 
ºÏ¹Ì, À¯·´ÀÇ 1ÀÎ´ç ¹° »ç¿ë·®º¸´Ù 2.5¹è ¸¹¾Æ
¡á À¯·´°ú ºÏ¹Ì À¯·´°ú ºÏ¹Ì¿¡ °ÅÁÖÇÏ´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î dz¿ä·Î¿î ¶óÀÌÇÁ ½ºÅ¸ÀÏÀ» °®°í ÀÖ¾î, ÀÌ Áö¿ªÀÇ ¼öÀÚ¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¿ä´Â Å©´Ù. ƯÈ÷ 1ÀÎ´ç ¹° »ç¿ë·®ÀÌ ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ¸¹Àº ºÏ¹ÌÀεéÀÇ °æ¿ì, À¯·´ÀεéÀÇ 1ÀÎ´ç ¹° »ç¿ë·®º¸´Ù 2.5¹è³ª ¸¹Àº ¾çÀÇ ¹°À» ¼ÒºñÇÑ´Ù. ±× ÀÌÀ¯ Áß Çϳª´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¼±Áø±¹¿¡ ºñÇØ ¹° °ªÀÌ »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ³·±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

À¯·´ Áö¿ªÀÇ ¾à 1¾ï2õ¸¸ ¸íÀÇ Àα¸´Â ¾ÈÀüÇÑ ½Ä¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¢±Ù¼ºÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¸øÇÏ´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î´Â À§»ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¢±Ù¼ºÀÌ ¾ø¾î¼­ ¹° °ü·Ã Áúº´ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. ¼öÁúÀº À¯·´ÀÇ ¸¹Àº Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ °íÁúÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦·Î ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù. Áú¼Ò, ÀÎ, »ìÃæÁ¦ µîÀÌ ¼ö°è·Î Èê·¯ µé¾î°¡¸ç, ƯÈ÷ ³ó¾àÀº ÀÌ Áö¿ª Àüü¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ¼öÀÚ¿ø¿¡ ÇØ·Î¿î ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ Ç¥ÁØ Áöħ°ú ÁöÇϼö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵȡ¸¹°°ü¸® Áöħ(The Water Framework Directive, 2000³â)¡¹Àº EU ¹° ¹ý·ü Áß °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ºÎºÐÀÌ¸ç ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ À¯ÀÏÇÑ Ãʱ¹°æÀûÀÎ ¹° Á¦µµÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ±¹Á¦ ¹° °ü¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ª»çÀû ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º¸¦ °¡¼ÓÈ­¡¤½ÉÈ­½ÃÄ×´Ù.

¡á Europe and North America The relatively affluent lifestyles of most Europeans and North Americans make large demands on the region¡¯s water resources. North Americans, the highest per capita water users in the world, however, consume two and a half times the volume that Europeans use per capita: one reason is that water is relatively inexpensive compared to other industrialised countries.

Some 120 million people in the European region do not have access to safe drinking water. Even more lack access to sanitation, resulting in water-related diseases. Water quality remains a persistent problem in many parts of the region. Agrochemicals in particular have had a detrimental impact on water resources throughout the region as nitrogen, phosphorus and pesticides run into water courses.

The Water Framework Directive concluded in 2000, and including more recent directives on standards and groundwater, is the most important piece of EU water legislation and the only such supra-national water arrangement in the world. It has accelerated and deepened a historical process of transboundary water management.
 
¼¼°è ±â¾Æ Àα¸ Áß 70%°¡ ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ Áö¿ª¿¡ °ÅÁÖ
¡á ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ-ÅÂÆò¾ç Áö¿ª ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ-ÅÂÆò¾ç Áö¿ªÀº ¸Å¿ì ¿ªµ¿ÀûÀÌ¸ç ºü¸¥ µµ½ÃÈ­¿Í °æÁ¦ ¼ºÀå, »ê¾÷È­¿Í ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ³ó¾÷ ¹ßÀüÀ» °Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æÇâÀº ¿©·¯ °¡Áö·Î ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏÁö¸¸ »çȸ°æÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ¹° °³¹ß Çʿ並 ÃæÁ·½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇÑ ÀÌ Áö¿ªÀÇ ¿ª·®¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Â µ¿ÀεéÀ̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æÇâ¿¡ µû¸¥ ÁýÁßÀûÀÎ ÀÚ¿ø »ç¿ëÀº Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ÇÈ­µÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ¹° »ýÅ°迡 »ó´çÇÑ ¾Ð·ÂÀ» °¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

¼¼°è ±â¾Æ Àα¸ÀÇ 2/3(¾à 70%)°¡ ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ Áö¿ª¿¡ °ÅÁÖÇÏ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ½Ä·®¾Èº¸´Â ÀÌ Áö¿ªÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ À̽´ÀÌ´Ù. ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ-ÅÂÆò¾ç Áö¿ªÀº ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¤µµ·Î °æÁ¦ ¹ßÀüÀ» ÈѼÕÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¿¬ ÀçÇØ¿¡ °üÇؼ­ ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Ãë¾àÇÑ Áö¿ªÀÌ´Ù. ¸¹Àº °æÁ¦ ¼ºÀåÀÌ ¿¬¾È Áö¿ª ¶Ç´Â È«¼ö Ãë¾à Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹ÄÁ´ë, ÀÌ·± Áö¿ªµéÀº Àα¸°¡ ¸Å¿ì ¸¹°í ÅÂdz°ú Æødz¿ì¿¡ ƯÈ÷ Ãë¾àÇÏ´Ù.

ÅÂÆò¾ç Áö¿ªÀÇ ±º¼Ò µµ¼­±¹(SIDS)Àº ¿­´ë¼º ½ÎÀÌŬ·Ð ¹× ÅÂdz, ÁöÁø µîÀÇ È¯°æÀû ÀÚ¿¬ ÀçÇØ¿¡ ƯÈ÷ Ãë¾àÇÏ´Ù. ±âÈĺ¯È­´Â Çؼö¸é »ó½Â°ú Æødz ÇØÀÏ ¸®½ºÅ©, Çغ¯ ħ½Ä µî ¿¹°ßµÇ´Â È¿°úµé·Î ÀÎÇØ ±º¼Ò µµ¼­±¹ÀÇ Ãë¾à¼ºÀ» ´õ¿í ¾ÇÈ­½Ãų °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿­´ë¼º ½ÎÀÌŬ·Ð Çϳª°¡ ¼ö³â°£ÀÇ °³¹ß ³ë·ÂÀ» ¹°°ÅÇ°À¸·Î ¸¸µé ¼öµµ Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ Áö¿ªÀº ´ëºÎºÐ ´Ü±âÀûÀÎ ÇýÅà °èȹ ¹× ±â¹Ý½Ã¼³ °³¹ß¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³ª, °æÁ¦ °³¹ß¿¡¼­ÀÇ »ýÅ°è È¿À²¼º ¶ÇÇÑ ´Ù·ç´Â ´õ¿í Àü·«ÀûÀÌ°í Àå±âÀûÀÎ ÇýÅà °èȹ °³³äÀ¸·Î ÀüȯÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.


 
¡á Asia-Pacific The Asia and Pacific region is extremely dynamic, undergoing rapid urbanisation, economic growth, industrialization, and extensive agricultural development. Although these trends are desirable in many ways, they also represent drivers that are affecting the region¡¯s capacity to meet its socioeconomic water development needs. They are accompanied by the intensive use of resources that exert considerable pressure on aquatic ecosystems, which continue to deteriorate.

Food security is an important issue since about two-thirds of the world¡¯s hungry people live in Asia. The Asia-Pacific is the world¡¯s most vulnerable region with respect to natural disasters, which undermine economic development to varying degrees. Much economic growth is generated in coastal and flood-prone areas, for example, which are heavily populated and especially vulnerable to typhoons and rainstorms.

The Pacific¡¯s small island developing states (SIDS) are particularly vulnerable to environmental natural hazards, such as tropical cyclones, typhoons and earthquakes turning into disasters. Climate change will further exacerbate the vulnerability of SIDS with anticipated sea-level rise and the risk of storm surge and beach erosion. One tropical cyclone can negate years of development efforts. The region is shifting from predominantly short-term benefit planning and development of water infrastructure, to a more strategic and long-term benefit planning concept that also addresses ecological efficiency in economic development.

LACÁö¿ª ±¹°¡, ºó¾àÇÑ ¹° Áö¹è±¸Á¶ °¡Á®
¡á ¶óƾ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿Í Ä«¸®ºñ¾È Áö¿ª ¶óƾ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿Í Ä«¸®ºñ¾È Áö¿ª(LAC)Àº ÀϺΠ¸Å¿ì °ÇÁ¶ÇÑ Áö¿ªÀÌ ÀÖ±â´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÀÀ±Áö¿ªÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ Áö¿ªÀÇ ¹° »ç¿ë ÆÐÅÏÀº °ø°£ÀûÀ¸·Î »ê¹ßÀûÀÌ¸ç »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ¼Ò¼öÀÇ Áö¿ª¿¡ ¸Å¿ì ÁýÁߵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. ¸ß½ÃÄÚ¿Í ºê¶óÁú, ¸î¸î Áß¹Ì ±¹°¡µéÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇϸé LACÁö¿ª ±¹°¡µéÀº ÀÚ¿¬ÀÚ¿øÀÇ ¼öÃâ¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÀûÀÌ´Ù. ±¤¹°°ú ½Ä·®, ±âŸ ³ó»êÇ°, ¸ñÀç, ¾î·ù, °ü±¤¼­ºñ½º µîÀÇ Á¦Ç°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¹Á¦Àû ¼ö¿ä´Â ÃÖ±Ù ¸î ³â°£ Å©°Ô Áõ°¡Çß´Ù. ÀÌ´Â °æÀïÀûÀÎ ¹° ¼ö¿ä¿Í ÀÌ Áö¿ªÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ¡®°¡»óÀûÀΡ¯ ¹°ÀÇ ¼öÃâ¿¡ ÇÔÀǸ¦ °®´Â´Ù.

ºñ·Ï ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ LAC ±¹°¡µéÀÌ ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀÇ ½Ä¼ö¡¤À§»ý ½Ã¼³ º¸±Þ·üÀ» °®Ãß°í ÀÖÁö¸¸ ¼­ºñ½ºÀÇ ÁúÀº Å« Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ³óÃÌ°ú µµ½Ã, ±¹°¡°£¿¡µµ Áß´ëÇÑ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ¾à 4õ¸¸ ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ °³¼±µÈ ¹°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¢±Ù¼ºÀ» °á¿©ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, °ÅÀÇ 1¾ï2õ¸¸ ¸íÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÑ À§»ý ½Ã¼³¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¢±Ù¼ºÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ¼­ºñ½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¢±Ù¼ºÀÌ ¾ø´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ³óÃÌÁö¿ª¿¡ °ÅÁÖÇÏ´Â ºó¹ÎµéÀÌ´Ù.

¸¹Àº LAC ±¹°¡µéÀÇ ºó¾àÇÑ ¹° Áö¹è±¸Á¶´Â ´ë°³ ÃÖ»óÀ§ÃþºÎÅÍ ÃÖÇÏÀ§Ãþ¿¡±îÁö À̸£°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¼öÀÚ¿ø °ü¸®¸¸ Á¦ÇѵǾî ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¹° ±â¹Ý ¼­ºñ½ºµéÀÇ °ü¸®µµ Á¦ÇѵǾî ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹´Ù. »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ¾àÇÑ °ü¸® ¿ª·®À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â Áß¹Ì¿Í Ä«¸®ºñ¾È Áö¿ª, ¾Èµ¥½º Áö¿ªÀÇ ÃÖºó±¹µéÀº ±âÈĺ¯È­·Î ÀÎÇÑ ¸®½ºÅ©¿¡ °¡Àå Å©°Ô ³ëÃâµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

¡á Latin America and the Caribbean Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is basically a humid region although it contains some very arid areas. The pattern of water use in the region can be described as spatially sporadic and highly concentrated in relatively few areas.

With the exceptions of Mexico, Brazil and some of the small Central American countries, LAC economies depend on the export of natural resources. Global demand for these products, which include minerals, food and other agricultural products, timber, fish and tourism services, has increased notably in recent years. This has implications for competing water demands and the export of ¡®virtual¡¯ water from the region.

Although most LAC countries enjoy high levels of coverage of improved water and sanitation, there is a large variation in the quality of services and important differences between rural and urban areas and among countries. Almost 40 million people still lack access to improved water and nearly 120 million to proper sanitation facilities. The majority of those without access to services are poor and live in rural areas.

In general, poor governance in many LAC countries extends from the top to the bottom. It is not restricted to the management of the water resource, but rife in the management of most water-based services. With relatively weak water management capacities, the region¡¯s poorest countries in Central America, the Caribbean and the Andes will be at the highest risk from the impacts of climate change.

¾Æ¶ø Áö¿ª, ¹° Èñ¼Ò¼ºÀÌ ½Ä·® ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤ ¿ì·Á·Î À̾îÁ®
¡á ¾Æ¶ø°ú ¼­¾Æ½Ã¾Æ Áö¿ª ¾Æ¶ø°ú ¼­¾Æ½Ã¾Æ Áö¿ªÀÇ Àα¸ Áõ°¡¿Í Àα¸ À̵¿, ¼ÒºñÁõ°¡, Áö¿ªÀû °¥µî, ¹° Áö¹è±¸Á¶ÀÇ Á¦¾àÀº ¹°ÀÇ ¾ç°ú Áú¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ¸®½ºÅ© Áõ°¡¸¦ ÃÊ·¡Çß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »óȲÀº °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î Áö¼Ó°¡´ÉÇÑ °øÀ¯ ÀÚ¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü¸® ¹× »ç¿ë»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ³óÃÌ °³¹ß°ú ½Ä·® ¾Èº¸¸¦ ÃËÁøÇÏ´Â Á¤Ã¥Àû ¼º°øÀ» ºÒ·¯¿Ô´Ù.

¹°ÀÇ Èñ¼Ò¼ºÀº ¾Æ¶ø Áö¿ª¿¡¼­´Â ½Ä·® ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì·Á·Î À̾îÁ³´Ù. °î¹° ¼öÀÔÀº ¿¬°£ 5õ¸¸ ÅæÀÇ °î¹°À» ¼öÀÔÇÏ´Â Áßµ¿°ú ºÏ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« Áö¿ªÀÇ¡®°¡»óÀûÀΡ¯ ¹° ¼ÒºñÀÇ Å« ºÎºÐÀ» Â÷
ÁöÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â Áö¿ª ¿ÜºÎÀÇ ³ó¾÷ ÅõÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü½ÉÀ» °­È­ÇßÀ¸¸ç, »ç½Ç»ó °¡»óÀûÀÎ ¹°ÀÇ ¼öÀÔÀ» Áõ°¡½ÃÄ×´Ù.

ÁÖ±âÀûÀÎ °¥µîÀº ¾Æ¶ø Áö¿ªÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À̾ú´Ù. Æø·ÂÀûÀÎ °¥µîÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ º£ÀÌ·çÆ®¿Í Äí¿þÀÌÆ®, ·¹¹Ù³í¿¡¼­ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ½Ã±â¿¡ ¹° ±â¹Ý½Ã¼³ÀÌ Æı«µÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ °ø±Þ È®´ëº¸´Ù´Â º¹¿øÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇß´Ù. ¾Æ¶ø Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ °¡¿ëÇÑ ¼öÀÚ¿øÀÇ ¾à 66%´Â ´Ù¸¥ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ ±â¿øÇÑ´Ù. ¶§¶§·Î, ÀÌ´Â »ó·ù Áö¿ª ±¹°¡µé°úÀÇ °¥µîÀ» ÃÊ·¡Çß´Ù. ÁöÀÚü ¼öÁØÀÇ ¹° °¥µîµµ ÇàÁ¤ Áö¿ªµé°ú °øµ¿Ã¼, ºÎÁ·µé°£¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

¡á Arab and Western Asia region Population growth and migration, growing consumption, regional conflicts and governance constraints in the Arab and Western Asia region have resulted in increasing risks associated with water quantity and quality,

but are accompanied by the sustainable management of shared resources and their use, as well as the success of policies to promote rural development and food security.

Water scarcity leads to food insecurity concerns in the Arab region. Imported grain accounts for a large amount of ¡®virtual¡¯ water consumed in the Middle East and North Africa, which was importing 50 million tonnes of grain annually by the year 2000. This has fostered interest in agricultural investments outside the region to produce food, which in effect increases the importation of virtual water.

Cyclical conflict has been characteristic of the Arab region. Violent conflict has also destroyed water infrastructure at different times in Beirut, Kuwait and Lebanon, requiring rehabilitation instead of expansion of delivery. About 66% of the Arab region¡¯s available surface water originates from outside of the region. At times, this has led to conflict with upstream countries. Local-level water conflicts can also exist between administrative districts, communities and tribes.
 
¼öÀÚ¿ø °¥µî, ÀÎÁ¾ °¥µîÀ¸·Î ¾ÇÈ­µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î
¡á Áö¿ª-±Û·Î¹ú ¿¬°è : ¿µÇâ°ú µµÀü °úÁ¦ ¹° °ü·Ã ÀÚ¿¬ÀçÇØ´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤°ú Áö¼Ó°¡´ÉÇÑ »çȸ°æÁ¦ ¹ßÀü ´Þ¼º¿¡ ÁÖ¿äÇÑ Àå¾Ö¹°ÀÌ µÇ¾î¿Ô´Ù. °¡¹³Àº ³ó¾÷ »ý»ê¿¡ Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÄ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ´Â °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î ½Ä·®°¡°Ý ±Þ»ó½Â°ú ½Ä·® ºÎÁ·À» ¾ß±âÇß´Ù. °¡¹³ÀÇ Áõ°¡´Â ´Ù¸¥ ÁÖ¿ä »çȸÀû¡¤Á¤Ä¡Àû ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ½Ä·® Æøµ¿ ¹× Á¤Ä¡Àû ºÒ¾È µî ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ°á°ú¸¦ ÃÊ·¡ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.

¹° ºÎÁ·Àº ´Ù¾çÇÑ °­µµ¿Í ±Ô¸ðÀÇ °¥µîÀ» ÃÊ·¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ºñ·Ï ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °¥µîÀº Áö¿ªÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ÆòÈ­¿Í ¾Èº¸¿¡ ´õ ³ÐÀº ¸Æ¶ô¿¡¼­ µµÀü°úÁ¦°¡ µÈ´Ù. ¼öÀÚ¿ø¿¡ °üÇÑ °¥µîÀº ÀÎÁ¾ °¥µîÀ¸·Î º¯¸ðÇϰųª ÀÎÁ¾°¥µîÀ» ¾ÇÈ­½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÀÎÁ¾ °¥µîÀº ´ë°³ ¹Ì·¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áý´ÜÀûÀÎ ºÒ¾È°¨¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾ÇÈ­µÇ´Âµ¥, ¹° ºÎÁ·ÀÌ ±×·¯ÇÑ ºÒ¾È°¨¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ôµç ÀÛ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

¼öÀÚ¿øÀ» °í·ÁÇÒ ¶§, ½ÃÀåÀÇ ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ Ãø¸éµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÄÑ¾ß Çϴ Ÿ´çÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯µéÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¼öÀÚ¿ø °í°¥ÀÇ ¿øÀÎ Áß Çϳª´Â ¼öÀÚ¿øÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ ÀÚ¿øÀ¸·Î½á ´ë°³ ÀúÆò°¡µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¼öÀÚ¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡Ä¡¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¼öÀÚ¿øÀ» Á¦Ç°À¸·Î ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¼öÀÚ¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡°ÝÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÀÖ¾î °¡Àå ÁÁÀº ¼Ö·ç¼ÇÀΰ¡´Â »ý°¢ÇØ º¼ ¹®Á¦´Ù. ¼öÀÚ¿øÀº ±Ô¹ü°ú °¡Ä¡¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­ ÇÕ´çÇÑ °¡Ä¡¸¦ °¡Á®¾ß¸¸ ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é À§±â°¡ ã¾Æ¿Ã ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù.



¡á Regional-global links : Impacts and challenges Water-related natural disasters pose major impediments to achieving human security and sustainable socio-economic development. Droughts have significantly impacted agricultural production, which in turn have contributed to soaring food prices and shortages. These increases have other major socio-political impacts and can lead to far reaching consequences such as food riots and political instability.

Water shortages can cause conflicts of varying intensity and scale. Although conflicts may appear localized, they present challenges to the broader context of peace and security. Conflicts over water resources can also turn into or fuel ethnic conflicts . as ethnic conflict is most commonly fuelled by collective fears for the future, one can see how water scarcity could play into such fears.

There are useful reasons for incorporating the positive aspects of the market when considering water resources. For instance, one of the reasons for water resource depletion is that typically it has been undervalued as a resource. It is thus important to place a value on it. Whether earmarking it as a commodity is the best solution for placing value on it is subject to debate. Whether through norms or values, water resources must be valued for their worth, else the trend of degradation will ensue.
Á¦2ºÎ ºÒÈ®½Ç¼º°ú ¸®½ºÅ© ÇÏ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¹°°ü¸®
 
Á¦2ºÎÀÇ ¼­·Ð
Á¤Ä¡Àû¡¤»çȸÀû ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î º¯È­Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ±× ¿µÇâÀ» Ç×»ó ¿¹ÃøÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±â¼úÀº ÁøÈ­ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, »ýÈ° ¼öÁØ ¹× ¼Òºñ ÆÐÅÏ, ±â´ë ¼ö¸íµµ º¯È­ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í Àα¸°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×¿¡ µû¶ó µµ½Ã Áö¿ªÀº Á¡Â÷ È®ÀåµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î ±âÈÄ°¡ º¯È­ÇϵíÀÌ ÅäÁö »ç¿ë°ú Ä¿¹öµµ º¯È­ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ º¯È­°¡ ÀϾ´Â ¼Óµµ´Â ´ë°³ Á¡Â÷ »¡¶óÁö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±× Àå±âÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀº ´ëü·Î ºÒÈ®½ÇÇÏ´Ù. ´ÜÀýÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, º¯È­¸¦ µÇµ¹ÀÌ Å³ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÀÓ°èÁ¡ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.

º¯È­¿¡ ÀûÀÀÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±âȸ°¡ µÈ´Ù. °ú°Å¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ °ÍÀº º¯°æÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÁö¸¸ ¹Ì·¡´Â ÇöÀç ³»¸®´Â °áÁ¤¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹°Àº Àΰ£ È°µ¿°ú Áö±¸ÀÇ Ç¥¸é°ú »ýÅ°è, »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±âÈÄÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» º¯È­½ÃÅ°´Â ÁÖ¿ä ¸ÅüÀÌ´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀÌ º¯È­ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» °¡Àå Å©°Ô ´À³¢´Â °ÍÀº ¹°°ú ¼öÁúÀ» ÅëÇؼ­´Ù. º¯È­¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀûÀýÇÑ ÀûÀÀÀ̳ª °èȹÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é, ¼ö¾ï ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±â¾Æ¿Í Áúº´, ¿¡³ÊÁö ºÎÁ·, ¹° ºÎÁ· ¶Ç´Â ¿À¿°, È«¼ö·Î ÀÎÇÑ ºó°ïÀ¸·Î °íÅë¹Þ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹°ÀÇ ¾ç°ú Áú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¯È­¿¡ ÀûÀÀÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±× ¸®½ºÅ©¿Í ºÒÈ®½Ç¼º°ú ÇÔ²² ¹° °ü¸®ÀÇ µµÀü°úÁ¦ÀÌ´Ù.

ºÒÈ®½Ç¼º ÇÏ¿¡¼­ ÀÇ»ç°áÁ¤ÀÇ ¸®½ºÅ© ¶Ç´Â °á°ú´Â Á¦ÇÑÀûÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ½ÉÁö¾î ¶§·Î´Â ÇÑÁ¤ÀûÀÏ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. °­·ÂÇÑ ÀÇ»ç °áÁ¤Àº Å« ºÒÈ®½Ç¼º ÇÏ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ °ü¸® Á¶Ä¡¸¦ µÞ¹ÞħÇÏ·Á´Â µµ±¸ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÇ»ç°áÁ¤±ÇÀÚ¿¡°Ô(Á¶Ä¡ ¹× ¹«´ëÀÀ µî) ´Ù¾çÇÑ °áÁ¤ÀÌ ¼öÀÚ¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â µµ±¸µéÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ ÀÚ¿ø°ü¸®¸¦ Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°°í À§Çù°ú ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃÅ°´Â µ¥ Å©°Ô ±â¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

Part 2: Managing water under uncertainty and risk

Introduction to Part 2
Political and social systems are changing in ways and with impacts not always predictable. Technology is evolving, living standards, consumption patterns and life expectancies are changing, and human populations are growing and increasingly moving to expanding urban areas. Consequently, land use and cover is changing, as is the climate. The rates at which these changes are occurring are often increasing and their long-term impacts are usually uncertain. Discontinuities are possible and tipping points can exist beyond which change is irreversible.

Adapting to change presents an opportunity. What has happened in the past cannot be changed, but the future can be influenced by the decisions being made now. Water is a primary medium through which changes in human activity and the climate impact with the earth¡¯s surface, its ecosystems, and its people. It is through water and its quality that people will feel the impact of change most strongly.

Without proper adaptation or planning for change, hundreds of millions of people will be at greater risk of hunger, disease, energy shortages and poverty due to water scarcity, pollution or flooding. Adapting to changes in water quantity and quality, together with their risks and uncertainties, is a challenging area for water management.

The risks, or consequences of making decisions under uncertainty, can be qualified and even sometimes quantified. Robust decision-making is a tool that attempts to support different management actions under deep uncertainty. Providing decision-makers with tools that show the broader water resource consequences of various decisions (actions, inaction) can substantially contribute to better overall resource management, and reduced threats and adverse impacts.

¹°Àº Àΰ£ È°µ¿°ú Áö±¸ÀÇ Ç¥¸é°ú »ýÅ°è, »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±âÈÄÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» º¯È­½ÃÅ°´Â ÁÖ¿ä ¸Åü·Î, »ç¶÷µéÀÌ º¯È­ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» °¡Àå Å©°Ô ´À³¢´Â °ÍÀº ¹°°ú ¼öÁúÀ» ÅëÇؼ­´Ù.
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¸®½ºÅ©¿Í ºÒÈ®½Ç¼ºÀº ¹° °ü¸®ÀÚµé°ú »çȸ°æÁ¦Àû Á¤Ã¥ÀÔ¾ÈÀÚµéÀÌ ÇØ°áÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍµéÀÇ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐÀ» Â÷ÁöÇÑ´Ù. À̵éÀÌ ºÒÈ®½Ç¼º°ú ¸®½ºÅ©¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÌÇØÇÒ¼ö·Ï, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸®½ºÅ©¿Í ºÒÈ®½Ç¼ºÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇÑ ¹° ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ´õ È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î °èȹÇÏ°í ¼³°èÇÏ°í °ü¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

¿À´Ã³¯ ¹° °èȹÀÚ¿Í ¿£Áö´Ï¾îµéÀº Áö±Ý±îÁö °üÂûµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í °ú°ÅÀÇ »ç°ÇµéÀÇ °¡º¯¼ºÀÇ ¹üÀ§¿¡¼­µµ ¹þ¾î³­ ±Ø´ÜÀû »óȲµé°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ºÒÈ®½Ç¼º¿¡ ´ëÇØ Æ¯È÷ ¿ì·ÁÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ¼¼°è´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ ±ØÇÑ »ç°ÇµéÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ñµµÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§¹®¿¡, ¼öÀÚ¿ø °èȹÀÚµé°ú °ü¸®ÀÚµéÀº ÅäÁö »ç¿ë ¹× µµ½ÃÈ­, ±×¸®°í ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ °­¼ö·® ¹× Áõ¹ß·®, ÁöÇϼö ħÅõ·®, ÁöÇ¥¼ö À¯Ãâ·®, ¼ö·ÎÀÇ À¯¼ö·®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±âÈĺ¯È­ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀÇ º¯È­·Î ÀÎÇØ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ºÐ¼®¿¡¼­ ¾öÁßÇÑ ÆÇ´ÜÀ» Àû¿ëÇؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.

¾î¶² ¼³°è°¡ äÅõǴõ¶óµµ ½ÇÆÐÇÒ ¸®½ºÅ©´Â Ç×»ó Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. Àå±âÀû °áÁ¤À» ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ±«·ÓÈ÷´Â Áú¹®µéÀº ¾î¶² ¼öÁØÀÇ ¸®½ºÅ©°¡ ¿ëÀ뵃 ¼ö Àִ°¡¿Í ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ ±â¹Ý½Ã¼³ È®Àå ºñ¿ëÀ» Àý°¨ÇÏ´Â ¼³°è¿¡, ¹Ì·¡¿¡ °¡´ÉÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº µ·À» ÁöÃâÇØ¾ß Çϴ°¡ µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. °áÁ¤ÀÇ °á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È®·üÀ» ÆľÇÇÏ°í ±× ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» Æò°¡Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ÃæºÐÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§, ÀÇ»ç°áÁ¤Àº ¸®½ºÅ© ºÐ¼®À» Åä´ë·Î ÇÏ¿© ³»·ÁÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÇ»ç°áÁ¤Àº ´Ü¼øÇÑ °Í¿¡¼­ º¹ÀâÇÑ °Í±îÁö ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°í ´Ù¾çÇÑ ºÐ¼® µµ±¸¿Í ±â¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© µÞ¹Þħ µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Chapter 8. Working under uncertainty and managing risk
 
Risk and uncertainty characterize much of what water managers and socio-economic policy-makers must deal with. The more they understand these uncertainties and risks, the more effectively they can plan, design and manage water systems to reduce these risks and uncertainties.

Today water planners and engineers are particularly concerned with uncertainties associated with extremes that have not yet been observed and are outside the envelope of variability defined by past events. The world is witnessing the occurrence of such extreme events today. Because of this water resources planners and managers must apply a significant amount of judgment in their analyses due to changes in land use, urbanization, and the impacts of a changing climate that influence future precipitation, evaporation, groundwater infiltration, surface runoff and channel flow.

No matter what design is chosen there is always a risk of failure. Questions that plague anyone making longterm decisions include what levels of risk are acceptable, and just how much more money, if any, should be spent on designs that reduce the costs of infrastructure expansion in the future, should future conditions warrant it. When sufficient information is available to determine probabilities of decision outcomes and evaluate the consequences, decision-making can be based on risk analysis. Decision-making may be assisted by the use of a wide variety of analytical tools and techniques, varying from the simple to the sophisticated.

Áö¼Ó°¡´ÉÇÑ ¼öÀÚ¿ø ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ® °³¹ß¿¡ Âü¿© ÇÊ¿ä
°áÁ¤ °úÁ¤Àº ÀÌÇØ °ü°èÀÚ ±×·ìÀÇ Àû±ØÀûÀÎ Âü¿©¸¦ Àå·ÁÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¸®½ºÅ©¿Í °¡Ä¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÎ½Ä Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ¸®½ºÅ© Æò°¡ ¹× °áÁ¤ ½ÂÀÎ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ÃæºÐÈ÷ Ž±¸µÉ °ÍÀÓÀ» º¸ÀåÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. »óÈ£ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â °áÁ¤ Áö¿ø ¸ðµ¨µé(decision support models)Àº ÀÌÇØ°ü°èÀÚµéÀÇ Âü¿©¸¦ ÃËÁøÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ °³¹ßµÇ¾î ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù.

¾Æ¸¶µµ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Àΰ£°ú »ýÅ°è ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¦ÇÑµÈ ÀÌÇØ ¶§¹®¿¡ ¶Ç´Â º¹ÀâÇÑ ¿ªµ¿ÀûÀÎ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ³»ÀçÀûÀÎ ºÒÈ®Á¤¼º ¶§¹®¿¡ °¡´ÉÇÑ »ç°Ç ¶Ç´Â ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ °á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇØ È®·üÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ ´Â °ÍÀÌ Èûµç »óȲ¿¡¼­, ¿ì¸®´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ±×·¯ÇÑ °á°úÀÇ °¡´É¼ºÀ» °í·ÁÇϵµ·Ï Çϰųª ¶Ç´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ÃÊ·¡ÇÒ Áöµµ ¸ð¸£´Â °áÁ¤À» ³»·Á¾ß ÇÒÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÒÁö¿¡ °üÇÑ ½Ã³ª¸®¿ÀµéÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹°ÀÇ ¹Ì·¡´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ ³»·ÁÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº Àΰ£ÀÇ ¼±Åÿ¡ ÀÇÇØ °áÁ¤µÈ´Ù. ¹° °ü¸® ±â±¸µéÀº »ç¿ëÀÚµé°ú Á¤Ã¥ÀÔ¾ÈÀÚµé°ú ÇÔ²² ºñÁ¤»ó¼º(ÞªïÒßÈàõ)À» °í·ÁÇÏ°í ¼öÀÚ¿ø ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¸¦ ´õ¿í ÀûÀÀÀûÀÌ°í, Áö¼Ó°¡´ÉÇÏ°í °­·ÂÇÑ ´ë¾ÈÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ý·Ð °³¹ß¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

¸¸¾à Àΰ£ÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁø ¼öÀÚ¿øÀÇ ÇÑ°è ³»¿¡¼­ »ýÈ°ÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó¸é(±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ ¼±ÅñÇÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é), »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×·¯ÇÑ ÀÚ¿øÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ°í ó¸®ÇÏ¸ç ºÐ¹èÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¿¬ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ÇÑ°è ³»¿¡¼­ »ýÈ°Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. Àΰ£Àº ¹°ÀÇ ÇÒ´ç°ú »ç¿ëÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °Ç¼³µÈ ±â¹Ý½Ã¼³°ú Àΰ£ È°µ¿°ú ÇÔ²² ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ »ýÅ°踦 ÅëÇÕÀûÀÎ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î Æ÷ÇÔ½Ãų ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. °¢°¢Àº ¼­·Î¿¡°Ô ¿µÇâ°ú ÇýÅÃÀ» Áָ鼭 ÇÏõ À¯¿ªÀÇ ÅëÇÕÀûÀÎ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ³»¿¡¼­ ÇÔ²² °ü¸®µÉ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛµé °£ÀÇ »óÈ£ ¿¬°á¼ºÀ» ÀνÄÇÏ°í °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ´Ü±âÀûÀÎ ¸®½ºÅ©¿Í Àå±âÀûÀÎ ¸®½ºÅ© ¸ðµÎ¸¦ °¨¼Ò½ÃÅ°´Â ¼ö´ÜÀÌ´Ù.

The decision process should encourage active participation from interested stakeholder groups. This will ensure that differences in the perception of risks and values are fully explored within the risk assessment and decision appraisal process. Interactive decision support models have been developed and successfully used to facilitate stakeholder participation.

In situations where it is difficult to assign probabilities to possible events or future outcomes, perhaps due to our limited understanding of human and ecological processes or due to the intrinsic indeterminism of complex dynamic systems, we can still create scenarios that force us to consider the possibility of such outcomes and whether or not we should make decisions that might lead to such outcomes. Water futures depend on human choices that are yet to be made. Water management agencies with users and policymakers need to participate in the development of alternate methodologies that take into account non-stationarity and make water resource projects more adaptable, sustainable and robust.

If humans are to live within the limits of their water resources (and there is no other choice), they must live within the limits of the natural systems that provide, treat and distribute those resources. Humans need to include natural ecosystems, along with built infrastructure and human activities that determine the allocation and use of water, in an integrated way, each affecting and benefiting the other and necessarily managed together within an integrated system of a river basin. Recognizing and managing the interconnectedness among living systems is a means of reducing both short and long-term risks.



Á¦9Àå ÁÖ¿ä µ¿Àεé°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ºÒÈ®½Ç¼º°ú ¸®½ºÅ©¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÇØ
¼öÀÚ¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿¹°ßµÇ´Â ¾Ð·ÂµéÀº ¹° °ü¸®ÀÚÀÇ ÅëÁ¦ ¹Û¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¹° ¼ö¿ä¿Í °ø±Þ °£ÀÇ ±ÕÇü¿¡, ¶§·Î´Â ºÒÈ®½ÇÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î, ½É°¢ÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×¿¡ µû¶ó ¹° °ü¸® ÀÚ¿Í »ç¿ëÀڵ鿡°Ô »õ·Î¿î ¸®½ºÅ©°¡ »ý°Ü³¯ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºÒÈ®½Ç¼º°ú ¸®½ºÅ©ÀÇ Áõ°¡´Â ¹° °ü¸® Àü·«¿¡ °üÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ Á¢±Ù¹ýÀ» ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù. ¹° ½ºÆ®·¹½º¿Í Áö¼Ó°¡´É¼ºÀ» Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ħÇØÇÏ´Â µ¿Àεé·Î´Â »ýÅ°è¿Í ³ó¾÷, ±â¹Ý½Ã¼³, ±â¼ú, Àα¸ ±¸Á¶ µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¹° Áö¹è±¸Á¶, Á¤Ä¡, À±¸®, »çȸ(°¡Ä¡¿Í ÀÚ»ê) µîÀÇ ±Ã±ØÀû µ¿ÀεéÀº ÁÖ·Î ±ÙÁ¢ÇÑ µ¿Àε鿡 ´ëÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ÅëÇØ ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» ¹ßÈÖÇÑ´Ù.

±â¼úÀû Çâ»óÀ̳ª Á¤Ä¡Àû °³ÀÔÀÌ ¾øÀ» ¶§, ¹° ºÎÀÚ ¹× ¹° ºó°ïÃþ»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °¢±¹ÀÇ Áö¿ªµé °£ÀÇ °æÁ¦Àû ¾ç±Ø¼ºÀº Áõ°¡ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¹°ÀÌ ´õ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ, ´õ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´õ ³·Àº ¼öÁú°ú ´õ ÀûÀº ¾çÀÇ ¹°À» µÎ°í °æÀïÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ÇÒ´çÀº ´ç¿¬È÷ °¡Àå ³ôÀº ºñ¿ëÀ» ³»´Â ºÎ¹®À̳ª Áö¿ªÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾î Áú °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, ½Ä·® ¹× ¿¡³ÊÁö, ¹°°ú À§»ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ Çʿ伺À» ¸¸Á·½Ãų ¼ö ¾ø´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ´ëÆø ´Ã¾î³¯ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ´Ü¼øÇÑ Á¤Ã¼¿¡ ±×Ä¡´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Áö±Ýº¸´Ù ¸í¹éÈ÷ ÈÄÅðµÈ ¾ç»óÀ» ¶ì°ÔµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¼øÀüÈ÷ µµ½Ã Àα¸ÀÇ Áõ°¡·Î ÀÎÇØ Áõ°¡ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÌ´Â µµ½Ã ¹° »ý»ê°ú Æó¼ö 󸮿¡ Àû¿ëµÉ ÇâÈÄ ±â¼ú ¹ßÀüÀº Àý´ëÀûÀÎ ¹° ÀÎÃâ°ú Æó±â¹° °¨¼Ò¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±â¼úÀÇ ºü¸¥ È°¿ëÀº Àΰ£ÀÇ È¯°æ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿µÇâ¿¡ °üÇÑ ¼¼°èÀû ÀνÄÀÇ ¿¹°ßµÇ´Â ÁøÈ­, ƯÈ÷ ¹° Èñ¼Ò¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÇØÀÇ ÁõÁø°ú ±Ë¸¦ °°ÀÌ ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Chapter 9. Understanding uncertainty and risks associated with key drivers
Projected pressures on water resources lie outside the control of water managers. These can significantly affect the balance between water demand and supply. sometimes in uncertain ways. and thus create new risks for water managers and users. Such increasing uncertainties and risks necessitate a different approach to water management strategies.

Drivers that directly impinge upon water stress and sustainability are the ecosystem, agriculture, infrastructure, technology and demographics. The ultimate drivers. governance, politics, ethics and society (values and equity) and climate change. exert their effect mostly through their impacts upon the proximate drivers.

In the absence of technological improvements or policy interventions, economic polarities will increase between water-rich and water-poor countries, as well as between sectors or regions within countries. This would mean higher numbers of people with higher needs competing for less water, of lesser quality.

Because allocation will inevitably go to the highest paying sector or region, this may result in an increasingly significant portion of people not being able to satisfy their basic needs for food, energy, water and sanitation. This would not be mere stagnation, but would likely take the form of a distinctly regressive trend compared to current conditions.

Further technology developments applicable to urban water production and waste handling that are likely to increase due to sheer urban population growth are also expected to contribute to reducing absolute water withdrawals and waste. Rapid uptake of these technologies would be paired with the anticipated evolution of global consciousness regarding human impacts on environment, and in particular, an increased understanding of water scarcity.

Áö¼Ó°¡´ÉÇÑ ¹° ½Ã³ª¸®¿À °³¹ß ´õ¿í ÇÊ¿ä
±âÈÄ º¯È­¿Í ¸Â¼­±â À§ÇÑ ¹ýÀû ±¸¼Ó·ÂÀ» °¡Áø ±¹Á¦ ÇùÁ¤Àº Àú¼Òµæ±¹°¡µé¿¡¼­ ÀÎ½Ä Á¦°í¿Í ÀûÀÀÀ» À§ÇÑ »ó´çÇÑ ÀÚ±ÝÁ¶´Þ°ú ÇÔ²² 2040³â¿¡ ½ÇÇàµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ±âÈĺ¯È­ ¿µÇâÀº ¹°À» ÅëÇؼ­ °¨ÁöµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ´Â ¹° ±ÝÀ¶ÀÇ Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ Â÷¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¹ÝÇâÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å³ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¹° ±â¹Ý½Ã¼³¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´õ ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀÇ ÅõÀÚ¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Æó±â¹°ÀÇ °¨¼Ò¿Í Áö¼Ó°¡´ÉÇÑ µ¿¿ø»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó À§»ý ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ º¸±Þ·ü Çâ»óÀ» À̲ø ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

ÇÏõ À¯¿ªÀÇ ±â±¸µé°ú ºÐ±ÇÈ­µÈ ´ÜüµéÀÇ Áö¿øÀ» ¹Þ´Â Áß¾Ó ¹° ´ç±¹ÀÌ °¢±¹ ³»¿¡¼­ È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹°À» °ü¸®Çϱâ À§ÇØ ±Ç·Â°ú ÀÚ¿øÀ» ¹Þ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â Àß ±ÔÁ¦µÈ °¡°Ý ¼³Á¤°ú Çõ½Å ÀûÀÎ ¹° ±Ç¸® °Å·¡ ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀÇ ÃËÁøÀ» ÅëÇØ »ç¿ëÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¿ªµ¿ÀûÀÌ°í ±âÈÄ ´ëÀÀÀûÀÎ ¹°ÀÇ ÀçÇÒ´çÀ» È°¼ºÈ­ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹° ½Ã³ª¸®¿ÀÀÇ °³¹ßÀº °è¼ÓµÇ´Â ¹° °ü¸®ÀÇ Åë»óÀû ¸ðµå¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ¸®½ºÅ©¿Í ºÒÈ®½Ç¼º¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÏ¿© ´õ¿í ´õ ÇÊ¿äÇØ º¸ÀδÙ.


A legally binding international agreement to combat climate change could be in place by 2040, along with significant financing for awareness-raising and adaptation in low-income countries. Because most climate change impacts are felt through water, this would have positive repercussions on the overall levels of financing for water. This could mean higher levels of investment in water infrastructure, leading to reductions in waste and increases in sustainable mobilization, as well as increased sanitation network coverage.

Central water authorities, supported by river-basin institutions and decentralized entities would be given increased power and resources to effectively manage water within countries. This would promote dynamic and climate-responsive re-allocation of water among users, facilitated by well-regulated pricing and, potentially, innovative water rights trading mechanisms.

The development of water scenarios appears ever more necessary in the face of the risks and uncertainties involved in continuing with the business-as-usual modes of water management.
 
 
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