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[2020] [Áß±¹] È«Äá´ë, °Ç°­ À¯ÇØÈ­ÇÐ ¿À¿°¹°Áú È¿°úÀû Á¦°Å À§ÇÑ Æó¼ö󸮰øÁ¤ °³¹ß
À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2020.04.02 Á¶È¸¼ö 452
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[Áß±¹] È«Äá´ë, °Ç°­ À¯ÇØÈ­ÇÐ ¿À¿°¹°Áú È¿°úÀû Á¦°Å À§ÇÑ Æó¼ö󸮰øÁ¤ °³¹ß

 


¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î ·¹Æ¼³ëÀ̵å(retinoid)¿Í ¿¡½ºÆ®·Î°Õ(oestrogenic) ³»ºÐºñ°è(EDC: endocrine disrupting chemicals)¸¦ ¹æÇØÇÏ´Â È­Çй°Áú(EDC)°ú °°Àº ¹Ì·® ¹ß»ý ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀÇ Á¸Àç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì·Á°¡ Ä¿Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.


ºñŸ¹ÎAÀÇ ÆÄ»ý¹°ÁúÀÎ ·¹Æ¼³ëÀ̵å¿Í ±× ´ë»ç¹°°ú °°Àº ·¹Æ¼³ëÀ̵å´Â ¾ç¼­·ù, ¾î·ù, ´ÞÆØÀÌ µî¿¡ ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀÇ ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎ ÇüÅÂÇÐÀû ¹ß´ÞÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å³ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


¾ËųÆä³î(alkylphenol)À̳ª ºñ½ºÆä³î A(bisphenol A) ¿Í °°Àº ¹ß¾Ï¼º EDC´Â ¼öÄÆ À¯±âü¿¡¼­ ¼öÄÆ ¹°°í±âÀÇ ¿©¼ºÈ­ ¹× ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎ ¹ß´ÞÀ» À¯µµ ÇÒ ¼öÀִ ȯ°æ¼º ¿¡½ºÆ®·Î°ÕÀÌ´Ù.


Çϼö ¹èÃâ¹°Àº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀÌ ¼ö»ýȯ°æ¿¡ Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î À¯ÀԵǴ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿øõÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ È­ÇÐÀû ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀÇ ³ôÀº ¼öÄ¡´Â º¸Åë ±âÁ¸ÀÇ Çϼöó¸®Àå¿¡¼­ ¹èÃâµÇ´Â Çϼö ¹èÃâ¹°¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÈ´Ù.

 

 

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È«Äá´ëÇб³(HKU; The University of Hong Kong) Åä¸ñ°øÇаú ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀÌ ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀ» È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦°ÅÇÏ°í ÀÎ(P)°ú À¯±â¹°(ź¼Ò¼¶À¯¿Í Èֹ߼ºÀ¯±â»ê) µî ±ÍÁßÇÑ ÀÚ¿øÀ» ȸ¼öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »õ·Î¿î Æó¼öó¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» °³¹ßÇß´Ù.


ÀÌ »õ·Î¿î ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº È­ÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î °­È­µÈ ÇϼöÀÇ 1Â÷ ħÀü¹°(CEPS; chemically enhanced primary sedimentation)°ú ÅÄ´ý(tandem) ½½·¯ÁöÀÇ »ê¼º ¹ßÈ¿¸¦ °áÇÕÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


ÀÌ »õ·Î¿î ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ Æó¼ö¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¹Ì·®ÀÇ È­ÇÐÀû ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀ» È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦°ÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ±âÁ¸ÀÇ Æó¼öó¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ºñÇØ ´õ ºñ¿ë È¿À²ÀûÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» Áõ¸íÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ½ÇÇè½Ç ½ÇÇèÀ» ½Ç½ÃÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ °á°ú´Â ÃÖ±Ù ±¹Á¦¼öÁú¿¬±¸È¯°æ(Water Research and Environment International)¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾ú´Ù.


´õ¿íÀÌ ¼±Àü(Shenzhen)ÀÇ ³­»êÇϼöó¸®Àå(Nanshan Sewage Treatment)°ú Çù·ÂÇÏ¿© 2019³âºÎÅÍ »õ·Î¿î 󸮰úÁ¤À» äÅÃÇÑ ½Ã¹üÆó¼ö󸮽ýºÅÛÀÌ ½Éõ¿¡ °Ç¼³µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¡®Äڷγª19(COVID-19)' ¹ßº´ÀÌ ÁøÁ¤µÇ¸é ¿Ã ¿©¸§ºÎÅÍ °¡µ¿ ¹× Å×½ºÆ®¿¡ µé¾î°£´Ù.


¡á ¿¬±¸ ¹è°æ(Background)
Áö³­ ¸î³â µ¿¾È ÇÐÁ¦°£ ¿¬±¸ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¸¦ ÁÖµµÇß´ø Åä¸ñ°øÇаú »þ¿À¿º ¸®(Xiao-Yan Li) ±³¼ö´Â HKU »ý¹°°úÇдëÇпø(HKU)ÀÇ Äɳ׽º ··(Kenneth Leung) ±³¼ö, ½º¿ÍÀ̾î Çؾç°úÇבּ¸¼Ò(Swire Institute of Marine Science)¿¬±¸¼Ò¿Í Çù·ÂÇÏ¿© ·¹º§°ú Á¦°Å¸¦ Á¶»çÇß´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀÌ °³¹ßÇÑ »õ·Î¿î Æó¼öó¸® °øÁ¤À» ÅëÇØ Æó¼ö¿¡¼­ ·¹Æ¼³ëÀÌµå ¹× ¿¡½ºÆ®·Î°Õ EDCÀÇ È¿À²¼ºÀ» ±âÁ¸ STP¿Í ºñ±³Çß´Ù.


¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº ¿ì¼± Ä¡·á°úÁ¤ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ´Ü°è¿¡¼­ Æó¼ö ¹× ½½·¯Áö »ùÇÃÀ» äÃëÇÏ°í ¾×ü Å©·Î¸¶Åä±×·¡ÇǸ¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ·¹Æ¼³ëÀ̵å¿Í ¿¡½ºÆ®·Î°Õ EDC¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Ã·á¸¦ ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿© ÅÄ´ý Áú·® ºÐ¼®¹ý(LC-MS/MS)À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© È«Äá »þƾ(Shatin), ½ºÅĸ®(Stanley), ½ºÅæÄ¿ÅÍ ¼¶(Stonecutters Island) STPÀÇ ·¹Æ¼³ëÀÌµå ¹× ¿¡½ºÆ®·Î°Õ EDCÀÇ ¼öÁØ°ú Á¦°Å È¿À²À» Á¶»çÇß´Ù. .


µÑ°·Î, ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ½ÇÇè½Ç ½ÇÇèÀº »õ·Î¿î Æó¼ö ó¸® °úÁ¤ÀÇ ÀÛÀº ±Ô¸ðÀÇ ½ÇÇè °øÀåÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¼öÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù. Æó¼ö¿Í ½½·¯ÁöÀÇ »ùÇÃÀº Äɳ׽º ··(Kenneth Leung) ±³¼öÆÀÀÌ °³¹ßÇÑ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© È­ÇÐÀû ºÐ¼®À» À§ÇØ Ã¤ÃëµÇ¾ú´Ù.


¡á ÁÖ¿ä °á°ú(Key Findings)
°á°ú´Â 3°³ÀÇ STP°¡ Æó¼ö¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ´Â ¹°Áú¿¡¼­ ·¹Æ¼³ëÀ̵åÀÇ Æò±Õ 57%(¹üÀ§: 41¡­82%)¿Í ¿¡½ºÆ®·Î°Õ EDCÀÇ Æò±Õ 54%(¹üÀ§: 31¡­79%)¸¸ Á¦°ÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù(ÀÌ ¿¬±¸´Â ȯ°æ±¹Á¦¿¡¼­ ¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾ú´Ù).


½ÇÇè½Ç Á¶°Ç¿¡¼­ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´Â »õ·Î¿î Ä¡·á ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© CEPS ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º¸¸ Çصµ ±âÁ¸ÀÇ STPº¸´Ù ·¹Æ¼³ëÀ̵å¿Í EDC Á¦°Å¿¡ 16¡­19% ´õ È¿°úÀûÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÔÁõµÇ¾ú´Ù. ·¹Æ¼³ëÀ̵åÀÇ 65¡­80%, EDCÀÇ 72 % 73%´Â CEPS °øÁ¤¿¡¼­ Á¦°ÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


CEPS ½½·¯ÁöÀÇ »ê¼º ¹ßÈ¿ ÈÄ ·¹Æ¼³ëÀ̵åÀÇ 50¡­58%, EDCÀÇ 47¡­50%°¡ ½½·¯ÁöÀÇ »óµî¾×¿¡¼­ Ãß°¡·Î Á¦°ÅµÇ¾ú´Ù(ÀÌ ¿¬±¸´Â ÃÖ±Ù ¿öÅÍ ¸®¼­Ä¡¿¡¼­ ¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾ú´Ù).


±âÁ¸ÀÇ STP¿¡ ºñÇØ CEPS¿Í ½½·¯ÁöÀÇ »ê¼º ¹ßÈ¿¸¦ ÅëÇÕÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ó¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº Æó¼ö¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â È­ÇÐÀû ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀ» Á¦°ÅÇϴµ¥ ºñ±³Àû È¿À²ÀûÀ̾ ȯ°æÀû ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


ºñ¿ë È¿°ú Ãø¸é¿¡¼­ CEPS ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º´Â ±âÁ¸ÀÇ Æó¼ö ó¸® ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºº¸´Ù ºñ¿ë È¿À²ÀûÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¿¬±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÔÁõµÇ¾ú´Ù.


¿¹¸¦ µé¾î Æó¼ö 󸮿¡ ´ëÇÑ CEPS ºñ¿ëÀº 2Â÷ Æó¼öó¸® ºñ¿ë(Áï, È°¼ºÈ­µÈ ½½·¯Áö °øÁ¤)ÀÇ Àý¹Ý¿¡µµ ¸ø¹ÌÄ£´Ù. ÇÑÆí, CEPS ½½·¯ÁöÀÇ »ê¼º ¹ßÈ¿´Â ¼öÈ®µÈ À¯±âź¼Ò¿Í Àλ꿰À» °¢°¢ ź¼Ò¼¶À¯¿Í ºñ·á »ý»ê¿¡ È°¿ëÇÒ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ½½·¯Áö¿¡¼­ À¯±âź¼Ò¿Í Àλ꿰 ÀÚ¿øÀ» ȸ¼öÇÔÀ¸·Î½á 󸮺ñ¿ëÀ» ´õ¿í Àý°¨ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


¹Ý¸é, CEPS ½½·¯ÁöÀÇ »ê¼º ¹ßÈ¿´Â ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀ» Ãß°¡·Î Á¦°ÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

 

[¿ø¹®º¸±â]

 

HKU Researchers Develop A Novel Wastewater Treatment Process To Effectively Remove Health Hazardous Chemical Contaminants

 


Globally, there is a growing concern regarding the presence of trace emerging contaminants such as retinoids and oestrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in aquatic environments.


Retinoids such as retinoic acids and their metabolites, which are the derivatives of vitamin A, can cause abnormal morphological development in amphibians, fish, and snails at elevated levels.


Oestrogenic EDCs like alkylphenols and bisphenol A are environmental oestrogens that can induce feminization of male fish and abnormal development in aquatic organisms.


Sewage effluents are a significant source for the continuous input of these contaminants into the aquatic environment. High levels of these chemical contaminants are commonly found in sewage effluents discharged from conventional sewage treatment plants (STPs).


An interdisciplinary team led by the University of Hong Kong (HKU) has developed a novel wastewater treatment system that can effectively remove conventional pollutants, and recover valuable resources such as phosphorus and organic materials (i.e., carbon fibres and volatile organic acids).


This novel system combines chemically enhanced primary sedimentation (CEPS) of sewage with acidogenic fermentation of sludge in tandem.


A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to prove that this novel system can effectively remove trace emerging chemical contaminants from wastewater and is more cost effective compared with conventional wastewater treatment systems.


The results of this study have been recently published in Water Research and Environment International.


Moreover, in collaboration with the Nanshan Sewage Treatment Plant in Shenzhen, a pilot wastewater treatment system adopting the novel treatment process has been under construction in Shenzhen since 2019. It will come into operation and testing by this summer if the COVID-19 outbreak subsides.

 

Background
In the past few years, Professor Xiao-Yan Li of the Department of Civil Engineering who led the interdisciplinary research project, has been collaborating with Professor Kenneth Leung from HKU School of Biological Sciences and the Swire Institute of Marine Science to examine the levels and removal efficiencies of retinoids and oestrogenic EDCs from wastewater by the novel wastewater treatment process developed by the research team, and to compare that with the conventional STPs.


The research team first examined the levels and removal efficiencies of retinoids and oestrogenic EDCs in Shatin, Stanley and Stonecutters Island STPs in Hong Kong by collecting wastewater and sludge samples from different stages of the treatment process, and analyzing the samples for retinoids and oestrogenic EDCs using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).


Secondly, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted using a small-scale pilot plant of the novel wastewater treatment process. Samples of wastewater and sludge were taken for the chemical analysis using the protocols developed by Professor Leung¡¯s team.

 

Key Findings
The results indicated that the three STPs can only remove an average of 57% of retinoids (range: 41-82%) and an average of 54% of oestrogenic EDCs (range: 31-79%) from wastewater influents (this work was published in Environment International).


Using the novel treatment system operated under laboratory conditions, the CEPS process alone was demonstrated to be 16 - 19% more effective in removing retinoids and EDCs than the conventional STPs.


After acidogenic fermentation of the CEPS sludge, 50 ? 58% of retinoids and 47 ? 50% of EDCs were further removed from the supernatants of sludge (this work has been recently published in Water Research).


Compared to the conventional STPs, the novel treatment system integrating CEPS with acidogenic fermentation of sludge is comparatively more efficient in removing emerging chemical contaminants from wastewater, and hence could reduce their environmental impacts.


In terms of cost effectiveness, the CEPS process has been shown, by other studies, to be more cost-effective than the conventional wastewater treatment process.


For instance, the cost of CEPS for wastewater treatment is less than a half of that of the secondary wastewater treatment (i.e., activated sludge process). On one hand, acidogenic fermentation of CEPS sludge can further reduce the treatment cost by recovering organic carbon and phosphate resources from the sludge as the harvested organic carbon and phosphate can be utilized to produce carbon fibers and fertilizers respectively.


On the other hand, the acidogenic fermentation of CEPS sludge can provide additional removal of pollutants.


[Ãâó=¿öÅͿ¶óÀÎ(https://www.wateronline.com/doc/hku-researchers-develop-a-novel-effectively-remove-hazardous-chemical-contaminants-0001) / 2020³â 3¿ù 29ÀÏ]

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