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À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2014.12.23 Á¶È¸¼ö 911
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ȯ°æ¿¡ Å« À̵æÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »õ·Î¿î Ã˸Ű¡ ½Ì°¡Æ÷¸£ ¿¬±¸ÆÀ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °³¹ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. A*STAR ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº Àϱ¤(daylight)À¸·Î ¹°ÀÇ Ç°ÁúÀ» Çâ»ó½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ûÁ¤¿¡³ÊÁö¿øÀ¸·Î¼­ ¼ö¼Ò¸¦ »ý»êÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±Ý ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ ¾ÈÅ׳ª¸¦ °®Ãá Ã˸Ÿ¦ °³¹ßÇÏ¿´´Ù ("Novel Au/La-SrTiO3 microspheres: Superimposed Effect of Gold Nanoparticles and Lanthanum Doping in Photocatalysis").

À̹ø ¼öÁúÁ¤È­ ±â¼úÀº A*STARÀÇ IMRE(Institute of Materials Research and Engineering)¿¡ ±Ù¹«ÇÏ´Â He-Kuan Luo ¹× Andy Hor µîÀÇ °úÇÐÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ °³¹ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. IMREÀÇ Hor(executive director)´Â º» ¿¬±¸°á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇØ, º¸ÅëÀÇ Á¶°Ç¿¡¼­ ¹°·ÎºÎÅÍ À¯±â ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀ» Á¦°ÅÇϰųª Æı«ÇÏ´Â À¯ÀÍÇÏ°í Çõ½ÅÀûÀÎ ±â¼ú·Î ¸Å¿ì ȯ¿µÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ ¼º°ú¶ó°í Æò°¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

±¤Ã˸Š¹°ÁúÀº ÇÞºûÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀüÇϸ¦ ¼öÈ®ÇÏ´Â ¹°Áú·Î, Ã˸Šǥ¸é¿¡ ºÎÂøµÈ ºÐÀÚ¿¡ È­ÇÐÀû ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇϴµ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ¹° ¼ÓÀÇ À¯ÇØÇÑ ºÐÀÚµéÀ» ºÐÇØÇÏ´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±¤Ã˸Å(photocatalyst)´Â ¹°À» »ê¼Ò¿Í ¼ö¼Ò·Î ºÐÇØÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡µµ È°¿ëµÈ´Ù. »ý»êµÈ ¼ö¼Ò´Â ûÁ¤ ¿¡³ÊÁö¿øÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

Hor ¹× ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº ±âÁ¸ÀÇ Ã˸Ÿ¦ °³·®Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´´Ù. SrTiO3 (strontium titanate)°ú °°Àº »ê¼Ò ±â¹ÝÀÇ È­ÇÕ¹°Àº °ß°íÇÏ°í ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÌ¸ç ¹°¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇϱ⿡ Àû´çÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ À¯¸ÁÇÑ Èĺ¸¹°ÁúÀÌ´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀÇ Çõ½ÅÀûÀÎ °á°ú¹° Áß Çϳª´Â ¼Ò·®ÀÇ ±Ý¼Ó ¶õŸ´½(lanthanum)À» ÷°¡ÇÏ¿© Ã˸ÅÀÇ È°¼ºÀ» Çâ»ó½ÃÄ×´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ¶õŸ´½Àº ºÎ°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀüÇÏ(electrical charge)¸¦ Á¦°øÇØ ÁØ´Ù.

Ã˸Ű¡ È­ÇÐÀû ¹ÝÀÀÀ» ÃËÁø½ÃÅ°±â À§Çؼ­´Â ÃæºÐÇÑ ¾çÀÇ ÇÞºûÀ» Æ÷ȹÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±¤Ã˸Ű¡ ´õ ¸¹Àº ºûÀ» ¼öÈ®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çϱâ À§ÇØ, °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ¶õŸ´½ÀÌ µµÇÎµÈ SiTiO3 ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÇǾî(microsphere)¿¡ ±Ý ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ¸¦ ºÎÂø½ÃÄ×´Ù. ÀÌ ±Ý ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚµéÀº ÀüÀÚ°¡ dzºÎÇؼ­ ¾ÈÅ׳ª·Î¼­ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ¿© ºûÀ» ÁýÁß½ÃÄÑ Ã˸ŹÝÀÀÀ» °¡¼ÓÈ­½ÃŲ´Ù.

¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÇǾîÀÇ ´Ù°ø¼º ±¸Á¶·Î ÀÎÇØ ³ÐÀº Ç¥¸éÀûÀ» º¸À¯ÇÒ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, À¯±â ºÐÀÚµéÀÌ °áÇÕÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´õ ¸¹Àº °ø°£À» Á¦°øÇØ ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ¹°Áú 1gÀº ¾à 100Á¦°ö¹ÌÅÍÀÇ Ç¥¸éÀûÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ³ÐÀº Ç¥¸éÀûÀÎ ¶Ù¾î³­ ±¤Ã˸ŠȰ¼ºÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇϴµ¥ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù°í Luo´Â ¹àÇû´Ù.

ÀÌ Ã˸ÅÀÇ È¿À²À» ÃøÁ¤Çϱâ À§ÇØ, ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº ¹° ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ¿°·áÀÎ ·Î´Ù¹Î B(rhodamine B)°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ºÐÇصǴÂÁö¸¦ ¿¬±¸ÇÏ¿´´Ù. °¡½Ã±¤¼±¿¡ 4½Ã°£ ³ëÃâ½ÃÅ°¸é, ¿°·áÀÇ 92%°¡ Á¦°ÅµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±Ý ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ±âÁ¸ Ã˸ź¸´Ù ÈξÀ ºü¸¥ ºÐÇØ´É·ÂÀ̾ú´Ù.

¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ·± ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·ÎÀÔÀÚ´Â ¹°À» ºÐÇØÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº ±Ý ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ¸¦ °¡Áø ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·ÎÀÔÀÚµéÀÌ ±Ý ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °æ¿ì¿¡ ºñÇØ ¹° ºÐÇØ ´É·ÂÀÌ ¶Ù¾î³²À» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ÀÌ·± ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÇǾîÀÇ ´ÙÀç´Ù´É¼º°ú È¿°ú¼ºÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.

±×¸² 1> Au/La-SrTiO3 ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÇǾîÀÇ ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ Åõ°úÀüÀÚÇö¹Ì°æ »çÁø. (a) Au/La-SrTiO3 ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÇǾî(»ðÀԱ׸²: ´ÜÀÏ ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÇǾîÀÇ È®´ë¿µ»ó). (b) Au/La-SrTiO3 ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÇǾîÀÇ °íÇØ»óµµ Åõ°úÀüÀÚÇö¹Ì°æ ¿µ»ó
±×¸² 2> SrTiO3 »ùÇÃÀÇ ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ ÁÖ»çÀüÀÚÇö¹Ì°æ »çÁø. (a) SrTiO3 ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÇǾî, (b) SrTiO3 ³ª³ë°áÁ¤
±×¸² 3> ±¤Ã˸ÅÀÛ¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¦¾ÈµÈ ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁò(RhB=rhodamine B, CB=conduction band, VB=valence band)

[Ãâó = KISTI ¹Ì¸®¾È ¡º±Û·Î¹úµ¿Çâºê¸®ÇΡ»/ 2014³â 12¿ù 22ÀÏ]

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A gold nanocatalyst for clear water

A new catalyst could have dramatic environmental benefits if it can live up to its potential, suggests research from Singapore. A*STAR researchers have produced a catalyst with gold-nanoparticle antennas that can improve water quality in daylight and also generate hydrogen as a green energy source ("Novel Au/La-SrTiO3 microspheres: Superimposed Effect of Gold Nanoparticles and Lanthanum Doping in Photocatalysis").

This water purification technology was developed by He-Kuan Luo, Andy Hor and colleagues from the A*STAR Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE). ¡°Any innovative and benign technology that can remove or destroy organic pollutants from water under ambient conditions is highly welcome,¡± explains Hor, who is executive director of the IMRE and also affiliated with the National University of Singapore.

Photocatalytic materials harness sunlight to create electrical charges, which provide the energy needed to drive chemical reactions in molecules attached to the catalyst¡¯s surface. In addition to decomposing harmful molecules in water, photocatalysts are used to split water into its components of oxygen and hydrogen; hydrogen can then be employed as a green energy source.

Hor and his team set out to improve an existing catalyst. Oxygen-based compounds such as strontium titanate (SrTiO3) look promising, as they are robust and stable materials and are suitable for use in water. One of the team¡¯s innovations was to enhance its catalytic activity by adding small quantities of the metal lanthanum, which provides additional usable electrical charges.

Catalysts also need to capture a sufficient amount of sunlight to catalyze chemical reactions. So to enable the photocatalyst to harvest more light, the scientists attached gold nanoparticles to the lanthanum-doped SrTiO3 microspheres (see image). These gold nanoparticles are enriched with electrons and hence act as antennas, concentrating light to accelerate the catalytic reaction.

The porous structure of the microspheres results in a large surface area, as it provides more binding space for organic molecules to dock to. A single gram of the material has a surface area of about 100 square meters. ¡°The large surface area plays a critical role in achieving a good photocatalytic activity,¡± comments Luo.

To demonstrate the efficiency of these catalysts, the researchers studied how they decomposed the dye rhodamine B in water. Within four hours of exposure to visible light 92 per cent of the dye was gone, which is much faster than conventional catalysts that lack gold nanoparticles.

These microparticles can also be used for water splitting, says Luo. The team showed that the microparticles with gold nanoparticles performed better in water-splitting experiments than those without, further highlighting the versatility and effectiveness of these microspheres.
 
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