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À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2021.05.17 Á¶È¸¼ö 1446
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º£¸¦¸°¡¤¹Ð¶ó³ë °úÇÐÀÚµé, °­º¯¿©°ú(bank filtration)¿¡¼­ ¹Ì»ý¹°ÀÇ À̵¿¹æ¹ý ¿¬±¸



À¯µµ °­º¯¿©°ú(Induced bank filtration)´Â °­À̳ª È£¼ö¸¦ µû¶ó À§Ä¡ÇÑ Àα¸ ¹ÐÁý Áö¿ª¿¡ ½Ä¼ö °ø±ÞÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ°í ÁöÇϼö ÀÚ¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¢±ÙÀÌ Á¦ÇÑÀûÀÎ ÇÙ½ÉÀûÀÌ°í Àß È®¸³µÈ Á¢±Ù¹ýÀÌ´Ù.


À¯·´, ¹Ì±¹, ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ÀϺΠÁö¿ª¿¡¼­ µÎµå·¯Áø »ç·Ê¿Í ÇÔ²² Àü ¼¼°è ¿©·¯ ³ª¶ó¿¡¼­ °í¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÁöÇ¥¼öÀÇ ¿À¿°Àº ½Ä¼ö±âÁØ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ´Â µ¥ ½É°¢ÇÑ À§ÇùÀÌ µÈ´Ù.


ÀÌ·± ¸Æ¶ô¿¡¼­ ÇÏ¡¤Æó¼öó¸®ÀåÀÇ ¹èÃâ¿¡¼­ ºñ·ÔµÈ ÀϺΠ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º³ª ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ µî Àΰ£ º´¿ø¼º ¹Ì»ý¹°ÀÌ ÁÖ¿ä ¿À¿°¹°Áú Áý´ÜÀ» Çü¼ºÇÑ´Ù. µ¶ÀÏ ¶óÀΰ­(Rhine river)À» µû¶ó À¯µµ °­º¯¿©°úÀ¯µµ °­º¯¿©°ú(Induced bank filtration) ÇöÀå¿¡¼­ÀÇ »ó¼¼ÇÑ ¿¬±¸´Â ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ À̵¿À» °èÀý ¿ªÇаúÀÇ °ü°è¸¦ ¿¬°á½ÃÄ×´Ù.


ÀÌ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä °á°ú´Â È«¼ö°¡ °­º¯¿©°ú(bank filtration)ÀÇ Á¤È­´É·ÂÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃÄÑ ÁöÇϼö ³» ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ ³óµµÀÇ Áõ°¡¸¦ À̲ø ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ À§ÇùÀ¸·Î °£ÁֵǾî¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.


1³â µ¿¾È °­¹Ù´Ú ÅðÀû¹°ÀÇ Æ¯¼º º¯È­´Â °­º¯¿©°ú(bank filtration)ÀÇ Á¤È­´É·Â¿¡ ÇöÀúÇÏ°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿ªÇÐÀº À§Çè Æò°¡ ½Ç¹«¿¡¼­ °í·ÁµÉ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


¡á ¼öµµ»ç¾÷ÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇÑ µµ±¸ »óÀÚ(Toolbox for Waterworks Operators)

º£¸£¸° °ø°ú´ëÇб³(TU Berlin ; Technical University of Berlin)¿¡¼­ ¼ö¹® ÁöÁúÇÐÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡´Â À̸®³ª ¿¨°ÖÇϸ£Æ®(Irina Engelhardt) ±³¼ö°¡ À̲ô´Â ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®´Â °­º¯¿©°ú(bank filtration) °úÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÇظ¦ ³ôÀÌ°í °­º¯¿©°ú(bank filtration)¿¡¼­ ¹Ì»ý¹°ÀÇ ¼ö¼ÛÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ¸ðµ¨ÀÇ ¿¹Ãø ´É·ÂÀ» Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ñÇ¥·Î ÇÑ´Ù.


¸ðµ¨ ±â¹Ý µµ±¸´Â ¼öµµ»ç¾÷ÀÚ°¡ ¹Ì»ý¹°°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© °­º¯¿©°ú(bank filtration) ½Ã¼³ÀÇ Á¤È­ °¡´É¼ºÀ» º¸´Ù Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô Æò°¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï °³¹ßµÇ¾ú´Ù.


¿¬±¸¿¡ Çù·ÂÇÏ´Â ÆÄÆ®³Ê·Î´Â Ǫ¸£Æ¼Å©´ÏÄÚ µð ¹Ð¶ó³ë(Politecnico di Milano)ÀÇ µðÆĸ£Æ¼¸àÅä µð ÀΰԱ׳׸®¾Æ ½Ãºô·¹ ¾Úºñ¾ðÅ»·¹(Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale)ÀÇ ¾Ëº£¸£Åä °ú´Ù´Ï´Ï(Alberto Guadagnini) ±³¼ö¿Í ¸ð´ÏÄ« ¸®¹Ù(Monica Riva) ±³¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.


Çù·ÂÀÇ Ã¹ ¹ø° °á°ú´Â ÃÖ±Ù ±¹Á¦ ÇмúÁöÀÎ ¼öÀÚ¿ø¸®¼­Ä¡(Water Resources Research)¿¡ ½Ç¸° '°­º¯¿©°ú ½Ã³ª¸®¿À ³» ¼¼±Õ ¼ö¼ÛÀ» Á¦¾îÇÏ´Â ÇÙ½É ¸Å°³ º¯¼öÀÇ ºÒÈ®½Ç¼º ºÐ¼® ¹× ½Äº°(Uncertainty analysis and identification of key parameters controlling bacteria transport within a riverbank filtration scenario)'±â»ç¿¡ ½Ç·È´Ù.


¡á µ¶ÀÏ ¹× ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ¿¡¼­ »ç¿ë(TUses in Germany and in Italy)

100°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ °­º¯¿©°ú(bank filtration) ½Ã¼³ÀÌ À¯·´ Àü¿ªÀ¸·Î ÆÛÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÁÖ·Î ºÏÀ¯·´ ±¹°¡(ƯÈ÷ µ¶ÀÏ, ³×´ú¶õµå, ÇÁ¶û½º, Çɶõµå)¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇØ ÀÖ´Ù.


µ¶ÀÏ¿¡¼­, À¯µµ °­º¯¿©°ú(Induced bank filtration)¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ½Ä¼ö »ý»êÀº Áö¿ªÀûÀ¸·Î Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, º£¸¦¸°ÀÇ ½Ä¼öÀÇ ¾à Àý¹ÝÀÌ ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¾ò¾îÁø´Ù.


ÀÌ¿Í´Â ´ëÁ¶ÀûÀ¸·Î, À¯µµ °­º¯¿©°ú(bank filtration)´Â ÁöÁßÇØ ±¹°¡µé¿¡ ³Î¸® ÆÛÁ® ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ¿¡¼­, ÇÑ ¿¹´Â ¼¼¸£È÷¿À°­(Serchio river)À» µû¶ó ÀÖ´Â ·çÄ«(Lucca)¿¡¼­ ¿¹¸¦ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


±×·¯³ª ±âÈĺ¯È­·Î ÀÎÇØ ÁöÁßÇØÀÇ ¼öÀÚ¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾Ð·ÂÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚ¿ø È¿À²ÀûÀÎ ½Ä¼ö »ý»ê ¹æ¹ýÀÎ À¯µµ °­º¯¿©°ú(Induced bank filtration)´Â ÀÌ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â ¹° ºÎÁ·¿¡ ´ëóÇÏ´Â µµ±¸°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


¡á ¼öÄ¡ ¸ðÇü ¿¹ÃøÀÇ ºÒÈ®½Ç¼º(Uncertainty in numerical model predictions)

À¯µµ °­º¯¿©°ú(Induced bank filtration)¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ½Ä¼ö »ý»êÀ» À§ÇØ, ÁöÇϼö ÃßÃâ ¿ì¹°Àº °­À̳ª È£¼ö ±Ùó¿¡ ¹èÄ¡µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿ì¹°µéÀº ÁÖ·Î ¼ÒÀ§ °­º¯¿©°ú¼ö(bank filtration)¸¦ »ý»êÇϴµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ÁöÇ¥¼ö¿¡¼­ ÁöÇÏ À̵¿¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤È­µÇ´Â ¿ì¹°±îÁö È帣´Â ¹°¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÑ´Ù.


Àΰ£ÀÇ º´¿ø±ÕÀº ´ë¼öÃþ(aquifer)À» ÅëÇÑ À̵¿ Áß¿¡ º¹ÀâÇÑ °øÁ¤ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ°í, ħÀü¹° ¾Ë°»À̵鿡 ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î ³²¾Æ ÀÖ°í, ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î °¨¿°¼ºÀ» ÀÒÀ» ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ±×µéÀÇ ³óµµ´Â ½Ã°£ÀûÀ¸·Î °¨¼ÒÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.


¼öµµ»ç¾÷ÀÚ¿¡°Ô Áß¿äÇÑ ¿î¿µ Áú¹®Àº °­º¯¿©°ú(bank filtration)ÀÇ Á¤È­ È¿°ú°¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª °­ÇÑÁö, Áï ÀÚ¿¬ÀÌ ¹Ì»ý¹°ÀÇ ³óµµ¸¦ ¾ó¸¶³ª ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö Àִ°¡ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


ÀÌ ¿¬±¸´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ È¿°ú¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ÁÖ¿ä ¿äÀÎÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» °­Á¶ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡´Â ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ÁöÇϼö À¯¼Ó, ¿Âµµ ¹× ÁöÇϼöÀÇ ±¤¹°ÇÐÀû ±¸¼ºÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ.


°Ô´Ù°¡, À̵¿ ÇൿÀº °í·ÁµÈ ¹Ì»ý¹° Á¾¿¡ µû¶ó ´Þ¶óÁö´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î, ÁöÇϼö(groundwater0¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¹Ì»ý¹°ÀÇ À̵¿¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹ÃøÀº ³ôÀº ºÒÈ®½Ç¼ºÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù.


ÀÌ ¿¬±¸´Â °­º¯¿©°ú(bank filtration)ÀÇ Á¤È­ È¿°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å·Úµµ¸¦ ³ôÀ̱â À§ÇØ ±×·¯ÇÑ ºÒÈ®½Ç¼ºÀ» Á¤·®È­ÇÏ°í ÅëÁ¦ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °­·ÂÇÏ°í À¯¿¬ÇÑ µµ±¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.


ÀÌ ¿¬±¸ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®´Â µ¶ÀÏ¿¬¹æ ȯ°æÀç´Ü(Deutche Bundessteftung Umwelt)ÀÇ ÀÚ±Ý Áö¿øÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ºó ´ëÇб³(University of Vienna)¿Í µ¶ÀÏ ¿¡³ÊÁöȸ»ç µÚ¼¿µµ¸£ÇÁ(Stadtwerke Dusseldorf), µå·¹½ºµ§(Dresden)ÀÇ ºñ½º´ÙÆ®( º£¸£¸° °ø°ú´ëÇб³(TU Berlin ; Technical University of Berlin), ¹Ð¶ó³ë Æú¸®Æ¼ÄÚ(Politecnico di Milano)¿Í ÇÔ²² ¿¬±¸¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.


¡ØÃâó : Æú¸®Æ¼ÄÚ µð ¹Ð¶ó³ë(Politecnico di Milano)



[¿ø¹®º¸±â]


How Viruses And Bacteria Can Reach Drinking Water Wells

Scientists in Berlin and Milan study transport of microorganisms in bank filtration


 

Induced bank filtration is a key and well-established approach to provide drinking water supply to populated areas located along rivers or lakes and with limited access to groundwater resources. 


It is employed in several countries worldwide, with notable examples in Europe, the United States, and parts of Africa. Contamination of surface waters poses a serious threat to attaining drinking water standards. 


In this context, human pathogenic microorganisms such as some viruses and bacteria, originating from the discharge of wastewater treatment plants, form a major contaminant group. A detailed study at an induced bank filtration site along the Rhine river in Germany has now linked transport of bacteria to seasonal dynamics. 


Key results of the study show that floods should be considered as particular threats, because they can reduce the purification capacity of bank filtration, thus leading to an increase in the concentrations of bacteria in groundwater. 


Changes in properties of the riverbed sediments over the course of a year can markedly influence the purification capacity of bank filtration and these dynamics may need to be considered in risk assessment practices.


Toolbox for Waterworks Operators

A project led by Prof. Dr Irina Engelhardt, who teaches hydrogeology at the TU Berlin, aims to enhance our understanding of bank filtration processes and to improve predictive capabilities of models describing transport of microorganisms in bank filtration. 


Model-based tools are developed to enable waterworks operators to assess more accurately the purification potential of their bank filtration plants with regard to microorganisms. 


Partners collaborating to the research include Prof. Dr. Alberto Guadagnini and Prof. Dr. Monica Riva from the Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale of the Politecnico di Milano.


First results of the cooperation were recently published in the article "Uncertainty analysis and identification of key parameters controlling bacteria transport within a riverbank filtration scenario" in the international journal Water Resources Research.


Uses in Germany and in Italy

More than 100 bank filtration plants are spread across Europe, mostly located in Northern and Central European countries (particularly in Germany, The Netherlands, France, and Finland). 


In Germany, drinking water production by induced bank filtration is regionally significant. For example, about half of the drinking water in Berlin is obtained by this method. 


In contrast, induced bank filtration is not widespread in Mediterranean countries. In Italy, an example can be found in Lucca (Tuscany) along the Serchio river. 


But pressure on water resources in the Mediterranean is increasing due to climate change. Induced bank filtration, as a resource efficient drinking water production method, could become a tool to combat increasing water scarcity in the region.


Uncertainty in numerical model predictions

For drinking water production by induced bank filtration, groundwater extraction wells are placed near rivers or lakes. These wells mainly yield so-called bank filtrate, corresponding to water that flows from the surface water body to the well which is naturally purified by the underground migration. 


Human pathogens are affected by a complex system of processes during their migration through the aquifer and their concentrations tend to decrease in time because these are partially retained on the sediment grains and can also naturally lose their infectivity. 


A critical operational question for waterworks operators is: how strong is the purification effect of bank filtration, or, in other words, how much can nature reduce the concentration of microorganisms? 


The research has highlighted the role of the main factors influencing these effects. These include, for example, groundwater flow velocity, temperature, and the mineralogical composition of the subsurface. 


Furthermore, it is shown that the transport behavior depends on the microorganism species considered. As a result, predictions about migration of microorganisms in groundwater are subject to a high degree of uncertainty. 


The research offers a powerful and flexible tool to quantify and possibly control such uncertainty to increase confidence in the purification effect of bank filtration.


The research project is funded by the Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (German Federal Environmental Foundation). The University of Vienna as well as the Stadtwerke Dusseldorf and the company VisDat from Dresden are involved in the research together with the TU Berlin and the Politecnico di Milano.


¡ØSource : Politecnico di Milano


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