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À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2016.06.27 Á¶È¸¼ö 613
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[¹Ì±¹] Çöó½ºÆ½ °üÀ» ÅëÇØ °ø±ÞµÇ´Â ½Ä¼ö´Â ¾ÈÀüÇÑ°¡?


»õ·Ó°Ô µîÀåÇÑ ¹è°ü ¼ÒÀç PEX ÆÄÀÌÇÁ´Â ¿©·¯ ¸é¿¡¼­ ȯ°æ ģȭÀûÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸î¸î °úÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ ¿ì·ÁÇÏ´Â È­ÇÕ¹°À» °ËÃâ½ÃŲ´Ù.


À£Æ°(Whelton)¿¬±¸¼ÒÀÇ Ãֽſ¬±¸´Â PEX°ü¿¡¼­ ºüÁ® ³ª¿À´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ È­ÇÕ¹°À» ¹àÇô³Â´Ù. ÀÌ È­ÇÕ¹°µéÀÌ ½Ä¼ö¿¡¼­ ³ª´Â ³¿»õ¿Í ¸ÀÀ» ³ª»Ú°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÁøµéÀº PEX°ü¿¡¼­ ³ª¿À´Â »ó´çÈ÷ ¸¹Àº Á¾·ùÀÇ È­ÇÕ¹°À» ã¾Æ³Â°í, ¿©·¯ ȸ»çÁ¦Ç°¿¡¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °°Àº ȸ»çÁ¦Ç°¿¡¼­ ´Ù¾çÇÑ È­ÇÕ¹°ÁúÀ» °ËÃâÇß´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î´Â °°Àº Á¦Ç°¿¡¼­ Á¦Á¶½Ã±â¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸¥ ¹°ÁúµéÀÌ °ËÃâµÆ´Ù. ¹àÇôÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº ÀáÀçÀû °ÆÁ¤°Å¸®ÀÎ À̹ø °á°ú´Â ¹è°ü ¼ÒÀçÀÇ ¾ÈÀü¼ºÀ» ¿øÇÏ´Â ¼ÒºñÀڵ鿡°Ô Á¶¾ðÀ» Çϱ⠾î·Æ°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù.


Áö±Ý±îÁö À¯·´°ú ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ ÁøÇàµÈ ¿¬±¸´Â PEX¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ 158°¡ÁöÀÇ ¹° ¿À¿°¿ä¼Ò°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹àÇô³ÂÀ¸¸ç, °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº À̰͵éÀÌ ¾îµð¼­ ¹ß»ýµÇ¸ç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¾î¶»°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä¡´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æ³»±â À§ÇØ ³ë·ÂÁßÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÁøÇà ÁßÀÎ ³ë·ÂÀÇ Çϳª·Î Ä÷Ã÷(Quar)¶ó°í ÀÏÄþîÁö´Â ÀÚ·á°ø°³ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¿¡ µû¸£¸é PEX ƯÇã¿Í ¾ÈÀüº¸°ÇÀÚ·á, ±×¸®°í PEX¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ ÁÖ¿ä 12°³ ±¸¼º¿ä¼Ò¿Í ¿ëÁ¦ ¹× ´Ù¸¥ ±¸¼º¹°ÁúÀ» ºÐ¼®ÇØ º» °á°ú »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä¡´ÂÁöÀÇ ¿©ºÎ´Â °è¼Ó ¹àÇô³»¾ß ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀϺδ ±²ÀåÈ÷ À§ÇèÇÑ ¼öÁØÀ̾ú´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. Ä÷Ã÷(Quar)¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇÑ ¸î¸î ÀÚ·á´Â PEX »ó¼öµµ°üÀ» ¸¸µéÁö ¾Ê´Â ȸ»ç¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Â °ÍµéÀ̾ú´Ù. ÆÞÅ°½º(Purkiss)¸¦ Ãß°¡Çؼ­ À£Æ®(Whelton) ¿¬±¸¼Ò¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Â ÃÖ±Ù ´Ù¸¥ ¿¬±¸°á°úµéÀº ¿À¿°¹°Áú ¼öÁØÀÌ NSF±âÁØ º¸´Ù´Â ÇÑÂü ³·°Ô ³ª¿Â´Ù°í ¹àÇû´Ù.


´Ù¸¥ Á¾·ùÀÇ PEXµéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¹°ÁúµéÀ» °ËÃâ½ÃÅ°±â ¶§¹®¿¡ º¸°Ç »ó °¡´ÉÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ Á¤È®È÷ ¹àÇô³»±â°¡ Èûµé´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ NSF Å×½ºÆ® °á°ú¿¡¼­³ª ¿µ¾÷ ºñ¹Ð·Î ¼û°ÜÁø ±¸¼º¿ä¼Ò¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °è¼ÓµÈ Æø·Î ¾øÀÌ´Â »ç¿ëÀÚµéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» ¸¶½Ã°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æ³¾ ¹æµµ°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ ¼öµµÇùȸ(American Water Works Association) Àú³Î¿¡ ±Ý³â º½¿¡ ½Ç¸° ¿¬±¸ °á°ú¿¡¼­ À£Æ°(Whelton)°ú µ¿·áµéÀº 28ÀÏ¿¡ °ÉÃÄ 8°¡Áö PEX¸¦ Å×½ºÆ® Çß°í °¢°¢¿¡¼­ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô ´Ù¾çÇÑ È­Çй°ÁúµéÀ» ã¾Æ³Â´Ù°í ¾Ë·È´Ù. 8°³ Áß 3°³´Â ÆÄÀÌÇÁ ³»¿¡¼­ »ó´ç·®ÀÇ µ¿È­ °¡´ÉÇÑ À¯±â ź¼Ò¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ¹°ÁúÀÌ ¹Ì»ý¹°ÀÌ ÀÚ¶ó´Â µ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¼öÁØÀ» ÃÊ°úÇß´Ù.


¶ÇÇÑ ¿¬±¸°á°ú´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ ½Äº°µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº È­Çй°ÁúµéÀÌ ÀÌÀü ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ ¾Ë·ÁÁø ETBE¿Í MTBE·Î ºÒ¸®´Â È­Çй°Áú°ú ÇÔ²² PEX°ü¿¡¼­ »ý±â´Â ¾ÇÃë¿¡ ÀÏÁ¶ÇÑ´Ù´Â Áõ°Å¸¦ ¹àÇô³ÂÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ·± ³¿»õµéÀÌ ¹°À» ²¨·ÁÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù. À£Æ° ¿¬±¸ÁøÀÌ 2014³â¿¡ ³½ ºÐ¼® º¸°í¼­¿¡¼­´Â 6°³ ºê·£µå»çÀÇ PEX°ü¿¡ È帣´Â ¹°ÀÌ EPA±âÁØ ¾ÇÃë¼öÁØÀ» ³Ñ¾î¼¹´Ù. ÆÄÀÌÇÁ¿¡ ¹°ÀÌ È帣±â Àü¿¡´Â °ü¿¡¼­ ¾ÇÃë°¡ ³ªÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.


PEX¿¡ °üÇÑ ¸¹Àº Àǹ®Á¡µéÀÌ Ç®¸®Áö ¾ÊÀº ä ÀÖ´Ù´Â °Í¿¡ ºí·¢½º¹ö±×(Blacksburg) ¹öÁö´Ï¾ÆÅ×Å©(Virginia Tech) ¼Ò¼Ó ȯ°æ°øÇÐÀÚ °â ¼öÁú Àü¹®°¡ ¾Èµå·¹¾Æ µðÆ®¸®Ä¡(Andrea Dietrich)´Â µ¿ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. ±×³à´Â ¡°¹°ÀÌ ±¸¸® °üÀ¸·Î È帣±â ÀüÀ̶û ´Ù¸£°Ô Çöó½ºÆ½ °üÀ» È带 ¶§ Á¤¼ö ¹æ¹ýÀ» ´Þ¸® ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ Àִ°¡? ¹°ÀÇ ¹«±âÁú ÇÔ·®°ú È­ÇйÝÀÀÀ» º¯È­½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Áö¿ªÀÇ ÁöÁúÇÐÀû Ư¼º¿¡ µû¶ó Á¤¼ö ±âÁØÀ» ´Þ¸® ÇØ¾ß Çϴ°¡? ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¿äÀεµ ¿¬±¸µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¡±°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ¶Ç ¡°³» »ý°¢À¸·Î´Â PEX°ü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àå±âÀû ¿¬±¸ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ°¡ ³ª¿ÀÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¡±°í µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù.


µðÆ®¸®Ä¡´Â µ¡ºÙÀ̱⸦ ¡°¿µ±¹¿¡¼­ ¼öµ¾¹°Àº ´ëüÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ÈÀüÇϸç, °¡´Â °÷¸¶´Ù ÀºÀºÇÑ ÇâÀÌ ¹°¿¡¼­ ³ªµµ ¼öµµ²ÀÁö¿¡¼­ ¹°À» ¸¶½Å´Ù¡±°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ½Éµµ ÀÖ´Â °ËÅä ¾øÀÌ »õ·Î¿î ¹è¼ö°ü Á¦Ç°µéÀÌ ½ÃÀåÀ¸·Î µé¾î¿À´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æÄ¡ÇÏ´Â Áö±ÝÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ±×³àµµ ½Ç¸ÁÇÑ´Ù. ±×³à°¡ ¸»ÇÏ±æ ¡°¿ì¸®´Â ¹è¼ö°ü¿¡ ¾²ÀÌ´Â Àç·á¿¡ ¾ö°ÝÇÑ °Ë»ç¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¼öµ¾¹° º¸È£¿¡ Àû±ØÀûÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ¼öµ¾¹° »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ½ÇÇè ±ºÀÌ µÇ´Â »óȲÀ» ³¡³»¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¡±°í Çß´Ù.


´õ ³ªÀº Á¶¾ðÀÌ °ð ³ª¿Ã °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À£Æ°(Whelton)ÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ¿¬±¸ °á°ú°¡ ¿ä¹ø ¿©¸§¿¡ ³ª¿À¸é Áֹε鿡°Ô ¹è°üÀÇ ¾ÈÀü¼º°ú ƯÁ¤ Á¦Ç°µé¿¡ °üÇؼ­ ´õ ¸¹Àº ¼¼ºÎ»çÇ×À» ¾Ë·Á ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î À£Æ°(Wheltong)Àº ±â´ëÇÑ´Ù. ±×°¡ ¸»ÇÏ±æ ¡°¿ì¸®´Â ¾öû³ª°Ô ¸¹Àº µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ¾ò°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÏ´Ü ¸ðµç µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ¾òÀ¸¸é ¿ì¸®´Â °è¸ùÈ°µ¿À¸·Î ¹æÇâÀ» Ʋ¾î ÀÏÇÒ °Í¡±À̶ó°í Çß´Ù.


[¿ø¹®º¸±â]


Is Drinking Water Delivered Through Plastic Pipes Safe?


PEX pipes, a new generation of plumbing material, are environmentally friendly in many ways?but also leach compounds that concern some scientists.


The latest research out of Whelton¡¯s lab has revealed a variety of compounds that can escape from PEX pipes, potentially causing drinking water to smell or taste bad. His group is also finding significant variations in what leaches out of PEX pipes, not just across brands but also among products of the same brand, and even from batch to batch of the same product ? a confounding list of unknowns and potential concerns that makes it complicated to give advice to consumers who want safe plumbing materials.


So far, studies in Europe and the U.S. have revealed at least 158 contaminants in water that has been associated with PEX, and scientists are still trying to get a handle on where they all come from and how they might affect people. As part of one ongoing effort, an open-data project called Quartz has analyzed patents, safety data sheets and other sources to document about a dozen general components, solvents and other substances in PEX, some that could be hazardous at high enough levels, though the doses actually reaching people still need to be evaluated. MacNevin says it would take extraordinarily high exposures ? much higher than someone could get from a pipe ? to reach those hazardous levels, and some of the data used in Quartz also appeared to come from companies that don¡¯t make PEX water pipes. Other recent research out of Whelton¡¯s lab, adds Purkiss, has revealed contaminants at levels far lower than NSF standards.


Possible health implications are particularly hard to pin down because different types of PEX leach different materials, and, without routine disclosure of ingredients hidden within trade secrets or of specific NSF testing results, it is impossible for consumers to know what they¡¯re getting. In a study published this spring in the Journal of the American Water Works Association, Whelton and colleagues tested eight varieties of PEX over 28 days and found extensive variability in the kinds of chemicals that came out of each. Three of the eight released enough of a measure called assimilable organic carbon to exceed the levels needed for harmful microbes to grow inside pipes.


The study also found evidence that still-unidentified chemicals may be contributing to odors associated with PEX pipes, along with compounds called ETBE and MTBE that have been identified in previous work. And those smells can make water unpalatable. An analysis reported in 2014 by Whelton¡¯s group found odor levels that exceeded EPA limits in water that flowed through six brands of PEX. Those odors were not there before the water went through the pipes.


Many questions about PEX remain unanswered, agrees Andrea Dietrich, an environmental engineer and water-quality expert at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg. Does water need to be treated differently before traveling through plastic pipes than before flowing through copper? And should protocol vary depending on a region¡¯s geology, which can alter water¡¯s mineral content and subsequent reactivity? ¡°Those factors haven¡¯t been explored,¡± she says. ¡°I just don¡¯t think the long-term data are out on PEX pipes.¡±


Water is generally safe in the United States, Dietrich adds, and she usually drinks from the tap wherever she goes, even when it emits certain benign smells. But she¡¯s frustrated by a system that makes it easy for new products to slip into the market without extensive analyses. ¡°We¡¯re not proactive about protecting drinking water, and that includes rigorously testing materials used in plumbing,¡± she says. ¡°The consumer ends up being the beta tester.¡±


Better advice may be coming soon. When his new results come out this summer, Whelton hopes to be able to give homeowners more details about plumbing safety and specific products. ¡°We¡¯re heavy into getting data,¡± he says. ¡°Once we get all the data, we¡¯re going to turn and do educational efforts.¡±


[Ãâó = NSF International / 2016³â 6¿ù 7ÀÏ]

 

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