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[±Û·Î¹úÀ̽´±â¼ú] Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ ¹°°ø±Þ ¾î·Á¿î Áö¿ª¿¡ ´ã¼öÈ­ ÃßÁø ½Ã±Þ
À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2017.01.05 Á¶È¸¼ö 586
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[½Å³âƯÁý]¥². Global Issue Technology


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¡®¹Ì¼Ç 2017¡¯¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ´ã¼öó¸® ¹× ¹°ÀçÀÌ¿ë ÃßÁø È°¼ºÈ­

´ã¼ö󸮴 ¹Ù´å¹° µî À½¿ë¼ö·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´ø ¼öÀÚ¿øÀ» »ýÈ°¡¤³ó¾÷¡¤»ê¾÷¿ë¼ö ¹× ¸Ô´Â¹° µî Àηù°¡ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çã¿ëÇÏ´Â ´ëü ¼öÀÚ¿øÀ¸·Î¼­, ÇÏ¡¤Æó¼öÀÇ ¹°ÀçÀÌ¿ë°ú À¶ÇÕµÈ ´ã¼öÈ­ ÃßÁø°úÁ¦´Â ´Ù°¡¿À´Â ¹°ºÎÁ· À§Çù¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇʼöÀûÀÎ ÇØ°áÃ¥ÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

¡®¹Ì¼Ç 2017¡¯Àº ´ã¼öÈ­ ¹× ¹°ÀçÀÌ¿ë°ú °ü·ÃÇØ Àü ¼¼°è ±¹°¡¸¦ ¼¼ °¡Áö Áö¿ªº° À¯ÇüÀ¸·Î ±¸ºÐÇØ »ç¾÷ÀÇ ´çÀ§¼º°ú ½Ã±Þ¼ºÀ» ºÐ¼®ÇÏ°í, ´ëü ¼öÀÚ¿ø È°¿ëÀ» Áö¿øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 

 [ÀÚ·áÁ¦°ø¡¤¹ø¿ª = ±è´ö¿¬ º»Áö ÆíÁýÀ§¿ø]

 

´ã¼öó¸® ¹è°æ(Background)

¡®´ã¼ö󸮡¯¶õ ¹Ù´å¹°À̳ª Àú¿°µµÀÇ ¹°·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿ëÁ¸¼º ¿°ºÐ¹°ÁúÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÏ¿© ¸Ô´Â¹°·Î º¯È­½ÃÅ°´Â 󸮰øÁ¤À» ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ´ã¼ö󸮴 ÁÖ·Î °¡¿­¹æ½Ä°ú ¸âºê·¹ÀÎ(Membrane)¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î 󸮵ȴÙ. °¡¿­¹æ½ÄÀº ¡®°¡¿­Ã³¸®°øÁ¤(Thermal process)¡¯ ȤÀº ¡®Áõ·ù°øÁ¤(Distillation process)¡¯À¸·Î ºÒ¸®¸ç ¹Ù´å¹°À» °¡¿­ÇÏ¿© ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â ½ºÆÀ(Steam)À» ¸ð¾Æ ÀÀÃà½ÃÅ°´Â °úÁ¤À» ÅëÇØ ¼ø¼öÇÑ ¹°À» ¾ò´Â ¹æ½ÄÀÌ´Ù.

¹Ý¸é, ¸âºê·¹ÀÎ ¹æ½ÄÀº ¿ª»ïÅõ(RO) ¹× EDR(Electro-Dialysis Reversal) ¹æ½ÄÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â ±â¼ú·Î ¹Ù´å¹°À» ¹ÝÅõ¸· ¸âºê·¹Àο¡ Åë°ú½ÃÄÑ ¿ø¼ö¿¡¼­ ¿°ºÐ¹°ÁúÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÑ´Ù. ÇÑÂÊ¿¡¼­´Â ¿°ºÐ¹°Áú(Brine)À», ´Ù¸¥ ÂÊ¿¡´Â ¸¶½Ç ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ºñ(Þª)¿°ºÐ¹°Áú(Drinkable water)À» ¹ß»ý½ÃÅ°´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ» ÀÏÄ´´Ù.

 

   
¡ã ÇöÀç ´ã¼ö󸮿¡ °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î MSF(´Ù´ÜÇ÷¡½Ã), MED(´ÙÁßÈ¿¿ëÁõ¹ß), RO(¿ª»ïÅõ) ±â¼úÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. »çÁøÀº ½Ì°¡Æ÷¸£ Åõ¾î½ºÇÁ¸µ Çؼö´ã¼öÈ­ Ç÷£Æ®.

ÇöÀç ´ã¼ö󸮿¡ °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î MSF, MED, RO ±â¼úÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. °¡¿­¹æ½ÄÀÇ ÇϳªÀÎ MSF(Multi-Stage Flash, ´Ù´ÜÇ÷¡½Ã) Áõ¹ß(Distillation) ¹æ½Ä¿¡¼­ ¹Ù´å¹° ¿ø¼ö´Â ³ôÀº ¾Ð·Â¿¡¼­ °¡¿­µÇ¾î ¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ Ã¨¹ö(chamber) ³»·Î È帣°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¹Ù´å¹°Àº ³·Àº ¾Ð·ÂÀÇ Ã¹ ¹ø° è¹ö ³»·Î Èê·¯ µé¾î°¡¸ç ÀϺΠ¹Ù´å¹°ÀÌ ¼öÁõ±âÈ­ µÇ¾î ¸ðÀÌ°Ô µÈ´Ù.

ù ¹ø° è¹ö¸¦ Åë°úÇÑ ¹Ù´å¹°Àº ÀÌÀüº¸´Ù ´õ ³·Àº ¾Ð·Â Á¶°Ç¿¡¼­ ¿¬¼ÓÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ °¢°¢ÀÇ Ã¨¹ö·Î Èê·¯ µé¾î°¡ ´õ ¸¹Àº ¹Ù´å¹°ÀÌ ¼öÁõ±âÈ­ µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °úÁ¤À» ÅëÇØ ¼öÁõ±âÈ­ µÈ ¹°Àº ¸ðµÎ ÇÑ°÷¿¡ ¸ð¾ÆÁ®¼­ ÀÀÃàµÇ¾î Áõ·ù¼ö·Î º¯ÇÑ´Ù. ¼öÁõ±âÈ­ µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ¹Ù´å¹°Àº ½Ã½ºÅÛ ³»¿¡¼­ ¿°µµ°¡ ³ôÀº ³óÃà¼ö·Î ³²°ÜÁ® Æó¼ö·Î °£ÁֵǾî ÀûÀýÇÑ Ã³¸®°úÁ¤À» °ÅÄ£ ÈÄ ¹æ·ùµÈ´Ù. ¹Ý¸é Áõ·ùµÈ ¹°Àº ¸Ô´Â¹°·Î °ø±ÞµÉ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÀûÀýÇÑ ¹°°ø±Þ ¶óÀÎÀ¸·Î º¸³»Áø´Ù.

¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ °¡¿­¹æ½ÄÀÎ MED(Multiple Effect Distillation, ´ÙÁßÈ¿¿ëÁõ¹ß) ¹æ½Ä¿¡¼­ ¹Ù´å¹°Àº ¿ì¼± °¡¾Ð»óÅ¿¡¼­ °¡¿­µÇ¾î è¹ö ³»·Î Èê·¯ µé¾î°£´Ù. À̶§ ÀϺΠ¹Ù´å¹°Àº ¼öÁõ±âÈ­ µÇ¾î ó¸®µÇ¸ç ¿ø¼ö´Â ¿°ºÐ³óµµ°¡ Á» ´õ ³óÃàµÈ ¿ë¾×À¸·Î º¯ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.

ù ¹ø° è¹ö¿¡¼­ »ý»êµÈ ¼öÁõ±â´Â ´ÙÀ½ è¹ö¿¡¼­ ¹Ù´å¹°À» °¡¿­Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ¿ëµµ·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¸ç ¿©·¯ è¹ö¸¦ °ÅÄ¡´Â µ¿¾È ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °úÁ¤ÀÌ ¹Ýº¹µÇ¾î Àüü ½Ã½ºÅÛ»óÀÇ È¿À²À» Áõ°¡½ÃÅ°´Â °á°ú¸¦ °¡Á®¿Â´Ù. Áï ´ÙÀ½´Ü°èÀÇ ¹Ù´å¹°À» °¡¿­½ÃÅ°´Â µ¥ ÀÌÀü´Ü°èÀÇ ³óÃàµÈ ¿­¿øÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±âº»ÀÌ µÇ´Â °øÁ¤À¸·Î, ÀÌ·Î½á ¼öÁõ±âÈ­ µÈ Áõ·ù¼ö¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¹Ýº¹ »çÀÌŬÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© º¸´Ù ¸¹Àº Áõ·ù¼ö¸¦ ¾ò°Ô µÇ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀÌ´Ù.

RO ¹æ½ÄÀº ¸âºê·¹ÀÎ ±â¼úÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ´ã¼öÈ­ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¾ÆÁÖ ³ôÀº ¾Ð·ÂÁ¶°Ç¿¡¼­ ¹Ù´å¹°ÀÌ ¹ÝÅõ¸· ¸âºê·¹ÀÎÀ» Åë°úÇÔÀ¸·Î½á º¸´Ù ûÁ¤ÇÑ ¹°À» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹æ½Ä¿¡¼­´Â ¸âºê·¹ÀÎ ÀÚüÀÇ Ã»Á¤µµ°¡ ó¸®È¿À²¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿äÀÎÀ¸·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇϹǷΠ¿ª»ïÅõ Àüó¸® °úÁ¤À¸·Î ÀÔÀÚ¼º ¹°ÁúÀ» Ãʱâ ÇÊÅÍÀåÄ¡·Î ó¸®ÇÏ¿© Á¦°ÅÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÑÆí, ¸âºê·¹ÀΠó¸® ÈÄ ¹° ¼ÓÀÇ ÀÜÁ¸ ¹Ì»ý¹°À» Á¦°ÅÇÏ°í pH ³óµµ¸¦ Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î ȯ¿ø½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇÑ ÈÄó¸® °úÁ¤ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.

 

Desalination is a process by which dissolved salts are removed from seawater or brines water thereby converting it into potable water. There are two classes of desalination: thermal or, distillation process, heats the saltwater to boiling, collects and condenses the steam producing purified water; the membrane class Reverse Osmosis(RO) and Electro-Dialysis reversal(EDR) method involves forcing salt water across a semipermeable membrane that separate the salts from the water leaving a saline solution or brine on one side and a ?e-saline?solution (drinkable water) on the other. The following are the most frequently used types of desalination:

Multi-Stage Flash Distillation(MSF) is a type of thermal desalination. Salt water is heated under extreme pressures and lead through a series of chambers. The first chamber is under a lower pressure than the salt water that enters it allowing a portion of the salt water to vaporize and be collected. Upon leaving the first chamber the salt water enters several more chambers each with a lower pressure than the previous one allowing even more of the pressurized salt water to vaporize.

The sum of the vaporized water is collected and re-condensed into distilled water. The water that did not vaporize leaves the system with a higher saline concentration than when it entered; this is discarded properly as waste while the distilled water is put into the municipal water supply as drinkable water.

Multiple Effect Distillation(MED) is a type of thermal desalination. Salt water is heated under pressure and forced through a chamber. A portion of the salt water evaporates leaving behind a slightly more saline solution than the original salt water. However, in this system the water vapor from the first chamber is used to heat the water in the next chamber(that is under a lower pressure than the previous chamber).

Though this pattern repeats throughout several chambers to increase the efficiency of the overall system, the underlying process is trying to use the heat of condensation to heat the next batch of salt water; this produces distilled water(the condensed water vapor) and more water vapor(the cycle repeats).

Reverse Osmosis(RO) is a type of membrane desalination. Here salt water is forced under high pressures through a semipermeable membrane that produces relatively pure water on the downstream side and leaves saline-rich water on the source side. Because membrane cleanliness is crucial to the efficiency of this mechanism, salt water is treated with some initial filters to remove particulate matter. Additionally, after the water passes through the designated membrane, a post treatment generally occurs to kill any microbes in the water as well as adjustment of the waters pH back to normal.

 

¡®¹Ì¼Ç 2017¡¯ À¯È¿¼º(Relevance to Mission 2017)

Àü ¼¼°è Àα¸´Â ÇöÀçÀÇ Ã»Á¤¼ö °ø±Þ¹°·®À» Å©°Ô À§ÇùÇÒ Á¤µµ·Î ºü¸£°Ô Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±Û·Î¹ú ¹°»ç¿ë·®ÀÌ ¿¬°£ 9Á¶§©¿¡ À̸£°í ÀÖ´Â °¡¿îµ¥ ÀÌ ºñÀ²ÀÌ ¿¬°£ 600¾ï§©¾¿ »õ·Ó°Ô Áõ°¡µÈ´Ù´Â ¿¹Ãø¸ðµ¨ÀÇ ½ÇÇè °á°ú, ÇöÀçÀÇ ¼öÀÚ¿øÀ» Áö¼Ó°¡´É »óÅ·ΠÀüȯÇØ »ç¿ëÇϰųª ȤÀº »õ·Î¿î ´ëü ¼öÀÚ¿øÀ» °³¹ßÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ÁÖÀåÀÌ Á¦±âµÈ´Ù.

´ã¼ö󸮴 ÀÌÀü¿¡ À½¿ë¼ö·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´ø ¼öÀÚ¿øÀ» Àηù°¡ ÀÌ¿ë °¡´ÉÇϵµ·ÏÇÏ´Â ´ëü ¼öÀÚ¿øÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â °ð ¹Ù´å°¡¿¡ ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ ¿¬¾Èµµ½ÃµéÀº ¸Ô´Â¹° °ø±Þ¿ëÀ¸·Î ¹Ù´å¹°À» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ³»·úÀÇ µµ½ÃµéÀº Àú¿°µµÀÇ ÁöÇϼö¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »óȲ¿¡¼­ ¹°ÀçÀÌ¿ë°ú À¶ÇÕµÈ ´ã¼öó¸® ÃßÁø°úÁ¦´Â ÀηùÀÇ ÇâÈÄ ¹°ºÎÁ· À§Çù¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇØ°áÃ¥À¸·Î¼­ ÇʼöÀûÀÎ »çÇ×À̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

 

Human population is growing at a rate that puts stress on our current freshwater supply. If global water use is already at 9 trillion cubic meters a year and this rate is expected to increase by approximately 60 billion cubic meters more per year, according to our model, then humans must either use the water we have in a sustainable fashion or find another source for water.

Desalination allows to people to have access to water that was previously not potable (finding another source). In most cases this means coastal cities can use seawater for their municipal water supply(many islands in the Caribbean also use desalination) or landlocked cities can use brackish groundwater for the same purpose. Desalination combined with Water recycling are both integral components of our ¡°water crisis¡± solution.

 

ÇöÀçÀÇ ¹°»ç¿ë ÇöȲ(Current Uses)

   
 

Àü ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î ¿îÀü ÁßÀ̰ųª °Ç¼³ÀÌ ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ´ã¼öÈ­ Ç÷£Æ®´Â 1¸¸2õ500°³¼Ò ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î ÀÌ Áß 60%´Â Áßµ¿¡¤ºÏ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« Áö¿ª¿¡ ºÐÆ÷µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ »ç¿ìµð¾Æ¶óºñ¾Æ´Â Æ丣½Ã¾Æ¸¸(Persian Gulf)À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇÏ·ç¿¡ 2õ400¸¸§©ÀÇ ¹°À» ´ã¼öÈ­ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

ÀÌ°÷¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ´ã¼öÈ­ ¹æ½ÄÀº ÁÖ·Î MSF ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î, »ç¿ìµð¾Æ¶óºñ¾ÆÀÇ Ç³ºÎÇÑ ¼®À¯ÀÚ¿ø¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ ¹ßÀü¼Ò¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â ¹ßÀü¼Ò Æó¿­(Waste heat)À» ´ã¼ö Ç÷£Æ®¿¡ ¿¬°è »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¿î¿µÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ MSF ¹æ½ÄÀÌ Ã¤Å᤻ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. »ç¿ìµð¾Æ¶óºñ¾Æ´Â ÇöÀç Àüü ¹°»ç¿ë·®ÀÇ 70%¸¦ ´ã¼öÈ­¸¦ ÅëÇØ °ø±ÞÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸³ª ÇâÈÄ ¼ö³â ³»·Î ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¹° µ¶¸³(ÁöÇϼö ÀÚ¿ø¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â) ±¹°¡ °Ç¼³À» °èȹ ÁßÀÌ´Ù.

ÇöÀç »ç¿ìµð¾Æ¶óºñ¾Æ´Â ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Å« ´ã¼ö¼³ºñ·Î ´ã¼öó¸® ½ÃÀåÀ» ÁÖ°üÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚüÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÏ·ç 80¸¸§©ÀÇ ¹°À» »ý»êÇÏ¿© ¿©·¯ Áö¿ª ³» ¸ðµç µµ½Ã¿¡ °ø±ÞµÉ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ¼³°èÇÏ°í, ÃÑ 2õ500¸¶ÀÏÀÇ °ü·Î¸¦ ¹Ì·Î ÇüÅ·Π±¸Ãࡤ°ø±ÞÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀº ±×¸® ³î¶ö ¸¸ÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ È®ÀåµÈ °ü·Î ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ¡®¹Ì¼Ç 2017¡¯ ÃßÁøÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ´ã¼öÈ­ ±â¼úÀÌ ¿¬¾Èµµ½Ã¿¡¸¸ °ø±ÞÀÌ Á¦Çѵǰí ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ³ª¾Æ°¡ »ç¿ìµð¾Æ¶óºñ¾Æ´Â ž翭¿¡ ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Â ´ã¼öÈ­ Ç÷£Æ®¸¦ °Ç¼³ÇÏ¿© ¿Ïº®ÇÏ°Ô µ¶ÀÚÀûÀÎ ¹°°ø±Þ¸ÁÀ» ±¸ÃàÇÏ·Á´Â °èȹÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Ù.

ƯÈ÷ 5õ¾ï ´Þ·¯ÀÇ ÀÚ±Ý ÅõÀÚ¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÇâÈÄ ´Ü°èÀûÀ¸·Î 5ÀÇ ¹è¼ö(Àα¸Áõ°¡¿¡ ´ëÀÀÇØ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¹°ÀÇ ¾ç)·Î ´ã¼öÈ­ ¹°»ý»ê·®À» Áõ°¡½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °èȹ¿¡ µ¡ºÙ¿©¼­ ž翭·ÎºÎÅÍ 60TW(Å׶ó¿ÍÆ®) ±Ô¸ðÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ »ý»êÇÏ¿© ´ã¼öÈ­ Ç÷£Æ®¿¡ Àü·ÂÀ» °ø±ÞÇϴ ž翭´ÜÁö(Solar farm) °Ç¼³À» ÃßÁøÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù.

 

   
¡ã »ç¿ìµð¾Æ¶óºñ¾Æ´Â ž翭¿¡ ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Â ´ã¼ö Ç÷£Æ®¸¦ °Ç¼³ÇÏ¿© ¿Ïº®ÇÏ°Ô µ¶ÀÚÀûÀÎ ¹°°ø±Þ¸ÁÀ» ±¸ÃàÇÏ·Á´Â °èȹÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Ù. »çÁøÀº ž翭À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ »ç¿ìµð¾Æ¶óºñ¾Æ ¾áºÎ(YANBU)2 Çؼö´ã¼öÈ­ Ç÷£Æ®.

»ç¿ìµð¾Æ¶óºñ¾ÆÀÇ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Àå±âÀûÀÎ ¸ñÇ¥´Â ´ã¼öÈ­¿Í ž翭 ¹ßÀüÀ» À¶ÇÕÇØ »ç¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¹°°ú ¿¡³ÊÁö »ý»êÀ» µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¾ò´Â È¿°ú¸¦ ´Þ¼ºÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ±â´ëµÇ¸ç, ÁÖº¯ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡µéÀÌ À¯»çÇÑ Á¤Ã¥À» ÃßÁøÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ¸Å¿ì ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ ´ë¾ÈÀ¸·Î Àνĵǰí ÀÖ´Ù.

 

Of the more than 12,500 desalination plants in operation or in construction worldwide, 60 percent are located in the Middle East and North Africa(MENA). Saudi Arabia paves the way for desalination usage by obtaining roughly 24 million cubic meters of water from the Persian Gulf a day.

Here, the desalination method of choice is MSF because of its ability to operate in conjunction with the waste-heat water from a power plant(given Saudi Arabias abundance of oil) . At the present nearly 70 percent of the nations water comes from desalination but there are plans from within to make the nation completely water independent(i.e. independent from fossil groundwater) within the next few decades.

Currently, but not surprisingly, Saudi Arabia hosts the worlds largest desalination plant that alone produces 800,000 cubic meters of water a day that travels through a maze that consists of 2500 miles of pipes to reach the various inland cities of the country. Such an extensive pipe system gives Mission 2017 reason to believe that desalination technologies are not necessarily restricted to servicing coastal cities. Further still, Saudi Arabia plans to achieve its complete independence of water by constructing desalination plants that run purely on solar.

Specifically, for the cost of $500 billion, the country can increase its desalinated water production by a factor of 5(which is required amount to meet the needs of its growing population) and produce several solar farms that will harness approximately 60 terawatts of energy from the sun and power the desalination plants. This countrys long term goal provides the ideal blueprint of all other nations (that are not landlocked) in that desalination and solar cells, when used in a conjoint manner, can make a country both water and energy sustainably independent.

 

ºñ¿ë ¹× È¿°úºÐ¼®(Cost¡¤Benefit Analysis)

´ã¼öÈ­·Î ´õ ¸¹Àº ¹°À» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¸í¹éÇÑ »ç½ÇÀ̳ª ´Ü ÇϳªÀÇ ¹®Á¦Á¡Àº ºñ¿ë¿¡ °üÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇöÀç ÀÏ¹Ý µµ½Ã¿ë ¹°°ø±Þ¿¡ µû¸¥ ¹° »ý»êºñ¿ëÀº 1õ °¶·±´ç 1.5´Þ·¯ Á¤µµÀ̳ª ´ã¼ö󸮿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¹° »ý»êºñ¿ëÀº 5´Þ·¯°¡ ¼Ò¿äµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Â÷ÀÌ´Â ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ´ë¼öÃþÀ̳ª È£¼ö µî ¼öÀÚ¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹°À» Ãë¼öÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ½Ä°ú ºñ±³ÇØ º°µµ·Î ´ã¼öÈ­ ¼³ºñ¸¦ °Ç¼³¡¤¿î¿µÇÏ´Â µ¥ ºñ¿ëÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ µû¸¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¡®¹Ì¼Ç 2017¡¯¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÈ 3°¡Áö Áö¿ªº° À¯ÇüÀ» º¸¸é ¡â¼ö¿ä¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ Ç³ºÎÇÑ ¼öÀÚ¿øÀ» º¸À¯Çϸç ÇöÀç Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î À¯Áö°¡´ÉÇÑ ¹°°ø±ÞÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ Áö¿ª ¡â¼ö¿ä¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ Ç³ºÎÇÑ ¼öÀÚ¿øÀ» º¸À¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸³ª ¹°°ø±ÞÀÇ Áö¼ÓÀ¯Áö°¡ ¾î·Á¿î Áö¿ª, Áï ÇâÈÄ 10³â À̳»¿¡ ¹° ½ºÆ®·¹½º°¡ ¿¹»óµÇ´Â Áö¿ª ¡â¼ö¿ä¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ Ç³ºÎÇÑ ¼öÀÚ¿øÀ» º¸À¯ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Áö¿ªÀ¸·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ´Ù.

Áö¼ÓÀ¯Áö °³³äÀ¸·Î ¹°¼ö¿ä·® ´ëºñ ÃæºÐÇÑ ¹°°ø±ÞÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­´Â ´ã¼öÈ­ »ý»êÀÌ Áö±ØÈ÷ °æÁ¦¼ºÀ» °®°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ ´ã¼öÈ­ ÃßÁøÀº ±ä±ÞÇÑ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®·Î °í·ÁµÇ´Â ¹Ý¸é, ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¹«¸®ÀÎ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­´Â ´ã¼öÈ­ ÃßÁø¿¡ º¸´Ù ¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸ °ËÅä°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. Áï, ÇöÀçÀÇ ¼Òºñ·® ±âÁØ¿¡¼­ ¹°°ø±ÞÀÇ Áö¼Ó¡¤À¯Áö°¡ ¾î·Á¿î Áö¿ª¿¡´Â ÇâÈÄ Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ¹°»ý»ê¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¢±ÙÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ÀÌ¿¡ ¸Â´Â Ưº°ÇÑ Á¶Ä¡°¡ ÃëÇØÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

¹°°ø±ÞÀÌ °í°¥µÇ¸®¶ó ¿¹»óµÇ´Â Áö¿ª ȤÀº ¹°°ø±ÞÀÌ Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ÃßÁøµÇµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ³ë·ÂÀÇ Çö½ÇÈ­°¡ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­´Â ´ã¼öó¸® ÃßÁøÀÌ ÀûÇÕÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÁÖº¯ÀÇ ¼öÀÚ¿øÀÌ ±Þ°ÝÈ÷ °í°¥µÇ´Â °æ¿ì ±âÁ¸ ¼öÀÚ¿øÀ» ÀçÀÌ¿ë ȤÀº º¸Á¸ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¸¸À¸·Î´Â ¹°°ø±ÞÀÌ Á÷¸éÇÑ ¾î·Á¿î °úÁ¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î ´ã¼öó¸® ¹æ½ÄÀ» äÅÃÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ´çÀ§¼ºÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù.

 

   
¡ã ÁÖº¯ÀÇ ¼öÀÚ¿øÀÌ ±Þ°ÝÈ÷ °í°¥µÇ´Â °æ¿ì ±âÁ¸ ¼öÀÚ¿øÀ» ÀçÀÌ¿ë ȤÀº º¸Á¸ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¸¸À¸·Î´Â ¹°°ø±ÞÀÌ Á÷¸éÇÑ ¾î·Á¿î °úÁ¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î ´ã¼öó¸® ¹æ½ÄÀ» äÅÃÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ´çÀ§¼ºÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù.

 

The benefits of desalination are straightforward: more water. The drawback, unfortunately, is the cost. Currently, the average cost of desalination is roughly $5 for 1000 gallons of water while a typical municipal water supplier charges about $1.50 for 1000 gallons. This difference in priced is incurred from the costs it takes to build and run a desalination plant compared to simply pumping water from an aquifer or lake. Regardless most people would avoid paying 3¡­4 times more for anything if they do not have to.

There are three situations that Mission 2017 identified as possible for any given location:
1. A region has a water supply that is large enough to meet the populations needs and is sustainable at present.
2. A region has a water supply that currently meets the populations needs but is not sustainable(water stress within 10 years).
3. A region does not currently have enough water to meet its demand.

If a regions water supply is currently meeting the needs of the people in a sustainable manner, then switching to desalination, unless it is economically productive, is not an urgent issue. The places that fall under category two, on the other hand, will have to examine their situation with more thought. If the supply is unsustainable at the rate consumption is now, then some action must be taken to insure that future generations will have access to water(part of Mission 2017 declarations).

Desalination will be appropriate if the area is then either rapidly running out of water or if the effort it would take to make the water supply sustainable(see Artificial Recharge) is not feasible(i.e 100 percent of the water supply must be reused indefinitely).

Additionally, if a location can be categorized as the third category, then desalination should be seriously considered. Another way of putting this is ?f your backyard well is dry [or running out quickly], you cannot solve your household water supply challenges by reusing or conserving more of the well water which you do not have.?

ÃßÁøÀÌ ½Ã±ÞÈ÷ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â Áö¿ª(Where to Implement)

¼ö¿ä¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ Ç³ºÎÇÑ ¼öÀÚ¿øÀ» º¸À¯ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Áö¿ª¿¡¼­´Â ÇöÀçÀÇ »óȲÀ¸·Î Àå·¡ÀÇ ¹°»ç¿ë·®À» º¸ÀåÇÏÁö ¸øÇϹǷΠÇØ´ç Áö¿ªÀÇ Àα٠¿¬¾È¿¡¼­ ¹Ù´å¹°À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ´ã¼öÈ­ ÃßÁøÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ¡®¹Ì¼Ç 2017¡¯Àº ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù.

 

   
 
»ç¿ìµð¾Æ¶óºñ¾Æ´Â ÀÌ¹Ì ¹°°ø±Þ ¶óÀÎÀ» ³»·úÀÇ ±íÀº µµ½Ã³»ºÎ±îÁö ±¸ÃàÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ´ã¼öÈ­ ÃßÁøÀÇ ´çÀ§¼ºÀÌ ¿¬¾Èµµ½Ã¿¡¸¸ Á¦ÇѵÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, º¸´Ù ±¤È°ÇÑ Áö¿ªÀ¸·Î±îÁö È®´ë°¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. [±×¸² 2]¿¡¼­ ¿¬ÇÑ °¥»öÀ¸·Î Ç¥½ÃµÈ Áö¿ªÀº ¡®¹Ì¼Ç 2017¡¯¿¡¼­ ´ã¼öÈ­ ÃßÁøÀ» ÅëÇØ ¹°ÀÌ °ø±ÞµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¤µÇ´Â Áö¿ªÀÌ´Ù.

 

Mission 2017 believes that desalination needs to be implemented in any ocean bordering region that falls under the third category because the current conditions would warrant its use. As Saudi Arabia has already demonstrated, water can be piped inland to landlocked cities which means desalination is not limited to coastal cities and can ensure the prosperity of sizeable regions. In the following image, every region colored with a light tan(representing infrequent rain) is an area Mission 2017 would like to see supplied with desalinated water.

 

´ã¼öÈ­ ÃßÁøÀÇ °ËÅä»çÇ×(Implementation)

´ã¼ö󸮰¡ ÃßÁøµÇ±â Àü¿¡ °ËÅäµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ »çÇ×À¸·Î´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °ÍµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

¨ç ´ã¼öÈ­°¡ °øÁ¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀûÁ¤¼ºÀÌ Àִ°¡? ´ã¼öÈ­´Â ±Ô¸ð°¡ Ä¿Áú¼ö·Ï 1§©´ç ºñ¿ëÀÌ Àú·ÅÇØÁø´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ µµ½Ã ±Ô¸ðÀÇ °ø±ÞÀ» À§Çؼ­´Â ´ëÇü Ç÷£Æ®¸¦ °Ç¼³ÇÏ°í ÀÌÈÄ ¼Òµµ½Ã¿ëÀ¸·Î Áö¿ªº° ´ã¼ö Ç÷£Æ®¸¦ °Ç¼³ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ È¿°úÀûÀÌ´Ù. ¡®¹Ì¼Ç2017¡¯Àº ¾î´À Áö¿ªÀÌ ´ã¼öÈ­ ÃßÁø¿¡ ÃÖ¿ì¼±ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀûÀýÇÑÁö °ËÅäÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

¨è ´ã¼öÈ­°¡ ½ÃÀå Ãø¸é¿¡¼­ °æÀïÀûÀÎ À§Ä¡¸¦ °®´Â°¡? ´ã¼öÈ­°¡ À§ÀÇ 3¹ø À¯Çü¿¡ Àû¿ëµÈ´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ÀϺÎÁö¿ªÀº º¸´Ù °æÁ¦¼º ÀÖ´Â ºñ¿ë È¿°ú·Î ¹°»ý»êÀÌ ÀÌ·ïÁú °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ ´ã¼öÈ­ ¼³ºñ°¡ ÃßÁøµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â 2¹ø À¯Çü¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¡®¹Ì¼Ç2017¡¯Àº »ç¸·Áö¿ªÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ¾î´À Áö¿ªÀÌ ´ã¼öÈ­ ÃßÁø¿¡ ÀûÀýÇÑÁö °ËÅäÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

¨é ´ã¼öÈ­ Ç÷£Æ®ÀÇ °Ç¼³ºñ¿ë ¹× À¯Áöºñ¿ëÀ» ´©°¡ ÁöºÒÇϴ°¡? ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î 1§©´ç »ý»êºñ¿ëÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ°Ô °áÁ¤µÉ °æ¿ì ´ã¼öÈ­ Ç÷£Æ®´Â ÀÚüÀûÀ¸·Î 20³â°£ ¸ðµç ºñ¿ëÀ» ºÎ´ãÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÇöÀç ÀÌ ¹®Á¦´Â ÃʱâÅõÀÚºñ¿ëÀÇ ¹®Á¦·Î ÇÑÁ¤µÈ´Ù.

¨ê ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ¾îµð¿¡¼­ °ø±Þ¹Þ´Â°¡? ´ã¼öÈ­ Ç÷£Æ® ¿îÀü¿¡´Â ÇÏ·ç 1¸¸5õ§ÒhÀÇ Àü±â°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ´ã¼öÈ­ Ç÷£Æ®°¡ °Ç¼³µÇ´Â Áö¿ª¿¡ ÃæºÐÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö °ø±Þ¸Á ¼³ºñ°¡ °®Ãß¾îÁ® ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »çÇ×À» ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇØ ´ã¼öÈ­ ÃßÁøÀ» È°¼ºÈ­Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¸ðµ¨À» °³¹ßÇÏ¿´´Ù. °¢ ±¹°¡µéÀº ¿ì¼± ´ã¼öÈ­ Ç÷£Æ® °Ç¼³ÀÌ Å¸´çÇÑ ¿¬¾È ³»ÀÇ Áö¿ª¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÃÖÁ¾ ¼±ÅÃÀÇ ÀûÁ¤¼º ¿©ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ãʱ⠿¬±¸¸¦ ÁøÇàÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ¡â´ã¼öÈ­·Î »ý»êµÈ ¹°ÀÌ ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¹°°ø±Þ¶óÀΰú ¿¬°èÇÏ¿© »ç¿ë °¡´ÉÇÑ ¼öÁØÀÌ µÇ´ÂÁö ¡â³óÃàµÈ °í³óµµ ¿°ºÐ¹°ÁúÀÌ ÁÖº¯ ȯ°æ¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖÁö ¾Ê°í ÀûÀýÇÏ°Ô ¹èÃâÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑÁö ¡â¿îÀü¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÃæºÐÇÑ Àü±â °ø±ÞÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑÁö µîÀÌ °ËÅäµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »çÀü ¿ä±¸Á¶°ÇÀÌ ¸¸Á·µÇ¸é Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ¡®¹Ì¼Ç 2017¡¯ÀÇ Áö¿øÀ» ¿äûÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿äûÀ» ¹Þ°Ô µÇ¸é »ç¾÷ü, ÀºÇà ¹× ±âŸ Çùȸ µî°ú ÇùÀǸ¦ ÅëÇØ »ç¾Èº°·Î ´ã¼öÈ­ Ç÷£Æ® °Ç¼³¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Æݵå Á¶¼º¿¡ ÀÖ¾î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÃßÁø °úÁ¤À¸·Î ¿¹»óÄÁ´ë Âü¿©ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ±¹°¡¸¦ ¼±Á¤ÇÏ¿© ÃßÁøÀ» ½ÃµµÇϱâ±îÁö Àû¾îµµ 5³âÀÌ ¼Ò¿äµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¶ÇÇÑ ´ã¼öÈ­ ÃßÁøÀ» À§ÇÑ ÀÏÁ¤ Ç÷£À» ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ°í Ç÷£Æ® °Ç¼³¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼¼ºÎ »çÇ×À» ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡´Â Ãß°¡·Î 2¡­3³âÀÌ ¼Ò¿äµÇ¸ç ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î Ç÷£Æ® °Ç¼³¿¡ 3¡­4³âÀÌ ¼Ò¿äµÈ´Ù. ±× °á°ú ´ã¼öÈ­ Ç÷£Æ®ÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦ °Ç¼³À» À§ÇÑ ÃßÁøÀº ºü¸£¸é 2023³âÀÌ µÇ¾î¼­¾ß °¡´ÉÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÈ´Ù.

 

The major preliminary issues that must be addressed before desalination can used are:

¨ç Is desalination compatible? Desalination is cheapest per cubic meter the larger the scale so it is more efficient to build a large plant to supply a city(or several villages) then to build a local desalination plant for a town. Mission 2017 is looking first and foremost for compatible regions to implement desalination

¨è Will desalination have a competitive place in the market? Even if desalination were implemented in every category 3 place on the planet, there are still a lot of places that fall under category 2 where desalination could be utilized if it produced water at a competitive level. Mission 2017 is thus also looking to implement desalination in areas besides deserts.

¨é Who will pay for building and maintaining desalination plants? Theoretically, desalination plants can pay for themselves in two decades if the price per cubic meter of water is set appropriately. As a result, the issue is now limited to upfront costs.

¨ê Where will the energy come from? Desalination plants require over 15,000 kilowatt hours of electricity a day when operating. As a result, any region that has a desalination plant must be able to produce enough energy.

To address these issues we have developed an initiative based system to promote the further use of desalination. Countries will have to first do some preliminary research to make sure that there are locations within their borders where it is feasible to construct a desalination plant; this includes proving that the water will be used(i.e. they have some sort of water distribution system), proving that they can appropriately dispose of the saline waste without impacting the environment, proving that the plant will be supplied sufficient energy, and demonstrating that their countrys corruption rate is low enough to be trusted.

If a country meets these qualifications they can apply for our support. Post application, we will determine the most appropriate way to organize the funds for the construction of desalination plants on a case to case basis by cooperating with business, banks, and other resources willing to participate.

Even though this initiative will be a rolling application, getting the word out, and finding countries that want to participate will take at least 5 years. Additionally, drawing up the plans to implement desalination as well as physically making the blueprints for a plant will take another 2¡­3 years. Finally, building the plants themselves would take anywhere from another 3¡­4 years. As a result, we would expect to see the working effects of desalination as soon as 2023.

 

¹°ÀçÀÌ¿ë ¹× ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇÑ È¿°ú
(What is Water Recycling and How does it help)

ÁýÁßÈ­µÈ Çϼöó¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ Çϼö´Â ÆßÇÁ¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Çϼöó¸®ÀåÀ¸·Î º¸³»Áø´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦ ó¸® °úÁ¤Àº ¸î ´Ü°è·Î ³ª´©¾îÁ® ó¸®µÇ¸ç °¡Àå ¸ÕÀú Ãʱ⠽ºÅ©¸° °úÁ¤À» °ÅÃÄ ¸ñÀç, µ¿¹°ÀÇ »çü ¹× ¼¶À¯¹°Áú µî Á¶´ë¹°ÁúÀÌ Á¦°ÅµÈ´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ °­·ÂÇÑ È¥È­ °úÁ¤À¸·Î ¹Í½Ì ó¸®µÇ¾î ¿¡¾î Æø±â µµ¿òÀ¸·Î À¯±â¹°ÁúÀÇ ºÎÆа¡ ÁøÇàµÈ´Ù.

Æø±â °úÁ¤ ÀÌÈÄ Çϼö´Â ħÀüÁ¶¿¡ À¯ÀÔµÇ¾î ¹«°Å¿î ½½·¯Áö ¹°ÁúÀº ÇϺηΠ°¡¶ó¾ÉÀ¸¸ç °¡º­¿î ¹°ÁúÀº »óºÎ·Î ºÎ»óÇϴµ¥, ÀÌµé ¹°ÁúÀº ½ºÅ©·¡ÇÎ(scraping)¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¸ðµÎ ºÐ¸®¡¤Á¦°ÅµÈ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¿À¿°¼º Æó¹°ÁúÀÌ Á¦°ÅµÈ ÈÄ ÀÜÁ¸ÇØ ÀÖ´Â ¹Ì»ý¹°À» »ì±ÕÇÒ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ¿°¼Òó¸® °úÁ¤À» °ÅÄ¡¸ç ÀÌ °úÁ¤ÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ´Ü°è·Î ¹°¼Ó ¿°¼Ò¹°ÁúÀÇ ÁßÈ­ ó¸® ¹× pH°ªÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤È­¸¦ µµ¸ðÇÑ´Ù.

ó¸®µÈ Çϼö´Â °­À̳ª ÇؾÈÀ¸·Î ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ¹èÃâÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î º¯ÇÑ´Ù. Çϼöó¸® °øÁ¤°ú ¹°ÀçÀÌ¿ë °øÁ¤ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡Àº ¿ø¼ö¿¡ °¡ÇØÁø º¯È­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î, Áï Çϼöó¸® °øÁ¤À» °ÅÄ£ ¿ø¼ö´Â ¹èÃâ¼ö·Î ¹èÃâµÇ´Â ´ë½Å¿¡ ºñÀ½¿ë ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î Àç»ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

 

In every location that has a centralized sewage system, the sewage is pumped through pipes to a sewage treatment facility. The treatment process occurs in a few steps. The first step is Preliminary Screening which removes large debris such as wood, dead animals, or clothing. Once sewage has passed through screens, it is then mixed vigorously and pumped with air induce the decaying process of organic waste.

After aeration, the sewage enters settling tanks where the heavy sludge sinks to the bottom and the lighter materials float to the top; both of which are removed from the water(scraped from the or bottom of the tanks). After the majority of the macro waste is removed, the water is then chlorinated to kill any remaining microbes that could cause harm. The last step of the process is to neutralized chlorine in the water and stabilizing the pH. Once, the sewage has been processed, it can now be safely return to the river or ocean.

The only thing difference between the sewage treatment process and water recycling is what happens to the water when it leaves the plant. Water that leaves a sewage plant can be used for any number of non potable purposes instead of disposing it.

 

¹°ÀçÀÌ¿ëÀÇ ÇöÀç »ç¿ëó
(Current Uses of Water Recycling)

   
¡ã À̽º¶ó¿¤Àº Çϼö¸¦ 100% ÀçÈ°¿ëÇÏ´Â Á¤Ã¥À¸·Î ÀçÈ°¿ë ½ÃÀåÀ» ÁÖµµÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±× °á°ú 70% °¡·® ´õ ¸¹Àº ¹°À» »ý»êÇÏ¿© ³ó¾÷¿ëÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ³ª¸ÓÁö 30%´Â È­Àå½Ç µî ±×·¹ÀÌ ¿öÅÍ(Grey water) ȤÀº ÀϺΠ»ê¾÷¿ëÀ¸·Î ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

 

¹°ÀçÀÌ¿ëÀÇ °£´ÜÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÀϺΠ¼±Áø ±¹°¡µéÀº ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ ±Ô¸ð·Î ¹°ÀçÀÌ¿ëÀ» ÃßÁøÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. À̽º¶ó¿¤Àº Çϼö¸¦ 100% ÀçÈ°¿ëÇÏ´Â Á¤Ã¥À¸·Î ÀçÈ°¿ë ½ÃÀåÀ» ÁÖµµÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±× °á°ú 70% °¡·® ´õ ¸¹Àº ¹°À» »ý»êÇÏ¿© ³ó¾÷¿ëÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ³ª¸ÓÁö 30%´Â È­Àå½Ç µî ±×·¹ÀÌ ¿öÅÍ(Grey water) ȤÀº ÀϺΠ»ê¾÷¿ëÀ¸·Î ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹°»ç¿ë·®ÀÇ 70%°¡ ³ó¾÷¿ëÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °¡¿îµ¥ ¹°ÀçÀÌ¿ëÀÌ Àü ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î È®»êµÈ´Ù¸é ±âÁ¸ ¼öÀÚ¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹°ÀÇ ¾çÀ» 25% Á¤µµ Àý¾àÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

¹Ì±¹ ³²¼­ºÎ Áö¿ªÀº ¹°ÀçÀÌ¿ëÀ» Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î È°¿ëÇÏ´Â ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ Áö¿ªÀ¸·Î ÀÌ Áö¿ªÀº ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐÀÌ »ç¸·À¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸ç Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ¹°ºÎÁ·¿¡ ½Ã´Þ¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù. Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ À̹ÙÀÎ(Irvine)½Ã¿¡¼­´Â ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¹è°ü¼³ºñ ºñ¿ëÀÇ 9%¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÑ ºñ¿ëÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÏ¿© È­Àå½Ç ¼¼Á¤¿ëÀ¸·Î ÀçÀÌ¿ë¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

 

   
 

 

µµ½Ã ¹°»ç¿ë·®ÀÇ °¡Àå Å« »ç¿ëó¿¡ ÀçÀÌ¿ë¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÀÌ µµ½Ã´Â ±âÁ¸ »ç¿ë·® ´ëºñ ¿¬°£ 4ºÐÀÇ 1 Á¤µµÀÇ ¹°¸¸À» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù. ÀçÀÌ¿ë¼öÀÇ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ »ç¿ëó´Â »ê¾÷ü·Î, ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ¾Ö¸®Á¶³ª(Arizona) ÇǴнº(Phoenix)ÀÇ ¿øÀÚ·Â ¹ÝÀÀÁ¶¸¦ ³Ã°¢ÇÒ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ÀçÀÌ¿ë¼ö°¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. [±×¸² 3]°ú °°ÀÌ ÀçÀÌ¿ë¼ö´Â Áö¿ª ³» ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¾çÇÑ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ ÀÌ¿ëµÈ´Ù.

 

For as simple as water recycling is, only a few nations actually implement water recycling on a noticeable scale. Currently, Israel leads the way with water recycling because it recycles 100 percent of its sewage water. The result of this is that Israel now has 70 percent more water to use for agriculture(the other 30 percent is used as grey water or water used by industry). Considering that the 70 percent of the world¡¯s water is already used for agriculture, water recycling, on a global scale, could reduce the amount of water pulled from sources by 25 percent.

The American Southwest is another location that implements water recycling as that portion of the country is a desert and is constantly under water stress. Irvine California uses recycled water for toilet flushing which only adds 9 percent to plumbing costs. However, by using recycled water for the number one source of domestic water use (26.7 percent of domestic water is used for toilet flushing), the city requires almost a quarter less water per year. The other major use of recycled water is industry. For example, recycled water is used to cool the Palo Verde Nuclear Reactor in Phoenix Arizona [8]. As can be seen by the purple arrow in the image below, water recycling can supplement many different needs in society.

 

¹°ÀçÀÌ¿ëÀ» ½ÃÇàÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â Áö¿ª
(Where To Implement More Water Recycling)

¹°ÀçÀÌ¿ëÀº ÀÌÀü¿¡ ó¸® ¾øÀÌ ¹èÃâµÇ¾ú´ø Æó¼ö¸¦ ó¸®ÇÏ¿© Àç»ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇϸç Àüü ¹°¼Òºñ·®À» Àý¾àÇÏ´Â °ª½Î°í °¡Àå È¿°úÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. Áï ¹°ÀçÀÌ¿ëÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀº Àç»ç¿ëÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î 󸮰¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¡®¹Ì¼Ç2017¡¯ÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥´Â ±âÁ¸ÀÇ Çϼöó¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¿î¿µÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Àü ¼¼°è µµ½Ã ¹× ÁöÀÚü°¡ ¹°ÀçÀÌ¿ëÀ» ½ÃÇàÇϵµ·Ï Áö¿øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

 

Because water recycling simply reuses treated water that would have otherwise been disposed of, it is both a cheap and highly effective method to reduce net water usage. The component of water recycling, however, is that the water must be treated it is to be used again. Mission 2017 would thus like to encourage cities worldwide, that already have sewage systems, to implement water recycling.

 

¹°ÀçÀÌ¿ë ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®ÀÇ ÃßÁø(Implementation)

Àü ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î ¹°ÀçÀÌ¿ëÀ» ÃßÁøÇϵµ·Ï Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ¡®¹Ì¼Ç 2017¡¯ °èȹÀº ÀçÀÌ¿ë ÃßÁøÀ» ±ÝÀüÀûÀ¸·Î Áö¿øÇÏ°í, ÀçÀÌ¿ë °øÁ¤ÀÌ ´Ü¼øÇϸç È¿¿ë¼ºÀÌ Å©´Ù´Â Á¡À» ºÎ°¢½ÃÄÑ ÃßÁøÀ» È®´ë½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î ¾î¶² ±¹°¡°¡ ¹°ÀçÀÌ¿ë ÃßÁø¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ü½ÉÀ» º¸ÀÏ °æ¿ì ¡®¹Ì¼Ç 2017¡¯ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÅëÇÏ¿© ±×µé ³ª¶ó¿Í ÄÉÀ̽ºº°·Î Çù·ÂÇÏ¿© »ç¾÷À» ±¸Ã¼È­ÇÏ°í Ç÷£Æ® °Ç¼³¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÅõÀÚºñ¿ëÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ·Á´Â Æݵå Á¶¼ºÀ» ±¸ÃàÇÑ´Ù. ÆݵåÀÇ ¼º°ÝÀº ó¸®µÈ Æó¼ö¸¦ ÆǸÅÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÅõÀÚ¿¡ µé¾î°£ ºñ¿ëÀ» ȸ¼öÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â ±¸Á¶ÀÌ´Ù.

Àü ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î ¹°ÀçÀÌ¿ëÀ» ÃßÁøÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÁ¤°èȹÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

•¹°ÀçÀÌ¿ë ÃßÁø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´çÀ§¼ºÀ» È®´ë½ÃÅ°´Â µ¥ 5³â
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•Ã³¸®µÈ ¹°ÀÇ »ç¿ë°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ±ÔÁ¤ ¹× ¹ý¾È ¼³¸³¿¡ ¾ó¸¶°£ÀÇ ±â°£ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϳª, ÀÌ ±â°£Àº ÀçÀÌ¿ë½Ã¼³ Ãʱâ ÃßÁø ½Ã µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÃßÁøµÉ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ Ưº°È÷ Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ±â°£ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

 

   
¡ã Àü ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î ¹°ÀçÀÌ¿ëÀ» ÃßÁøÇϵµ·Ï Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ¡®¹Ì¼Ç 2017¡¯°èȹÀº ÀçÀÌ¿ë ÃßÁøÀ» ±ÝÀüÀûÀ¸·Î Áö¿øÇÏ°í, ÀçÀÌ¿ë °øÁ¤ÀÌ ´Ü¼øÇϸç È¿¿ë¼ºÀÌ Å©´Ù´Â Á¡À» ºÎ°¢½ÃÄÑ ÃßÁøÀ» È®´ë½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. »çÁøÀº Çϼö󸮼ö¸¦ ÀçÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â ½Ì°¡Æ÷¸£ ´º¿öÅÍ(Newater) Àü°æ.

 

Our plan to implement water recycling on a worldwide basis would include spreading the word about the the simplicity and benefits of the process as well as using subsidies. Specifically, if a nation demonstrates interest in wanting to implement water recycling technologies(this could include wanting sewage treatment facilities), Mission 2017 will work with them on a case by case basis to find businesses and banks that are willing to provide the upfront costs of building the plants(they would make their money back by selling the treated wastewater).

The timeline of implementing water recycling on a global scale(it could be done is as little as 15 years):

•5 years of spreading the word(or more as it catches on)
•2 years to review the nations current capabilities of water distribution and the optimal location of recycling plants
•2 years to design the the recycling plants and the pipes systems that will distribute the water [15]
•2¡­3 years to build the recycling plants.
•3 or more years build the pipes to distribute the water
•Time will also be needed to establish legislation regarding the use of recycling water (this aspect will be unique to each country), however, this will begin when the plans are drawn up to build the recycling plants and thus will not require more time than listed above. 

 

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