Áñ°Üã±â Ãß°¡     ½ÃÀÛÆäÀÌÁö·Î ¼³Á¤ óÀ½À¸·Î  l  ·Î±×ÀΠ l  È¸¿ø°¡ÀÔ  l  »çÀÌÆ®¸Ê

>
ȸ¿ø°¡ÀÔ   l   ¾ÆÀ̵ð/ºñ¹Ð¹øȣã±â
¡®Á¦38ȸ 2023³â »ó¹Ý±â ...
¡®Á¦37ȸ 2022³â ÇϹݱâ ...
Á¦37ȸ ¡¸2022³â ÇϹݱâ ...
 
HOME > ȯ°æ»ê¾÷ > ÃֽŴº½º
[¹Ì±¹] ¾Æ¸£°ï, ¹Ì±¹ ±¹¸³Àç»ý¿¡³ÊÁö¿¬±¸¼Ò¿Í ¾ç¼ö½Ä ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀüÀÇ ÀáÀ缺 ¹ß°ß
À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2023.07.25 Á¶È¸¼ö 366
ÆÄÀÏ÷ºÎ

[¹Ì±¹] ¾Æ¸£°ï, ¹Ì±¹ ±¹¸³Àç»ý¿¡³ÊÁö¿¬±¸¼Ò¿Í ¾ç¼ö½Ä ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀüÀÇ ÀáÀ缺 ¹ß°ß

¿¡³ÊÁö ÀúÀåÀ¸·Î ³¯¾¾¿¡ »ó°ü¾øÀÌ ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ Àü·Â Á¦°ø



¾Æ¸£°ïÀº DOEÀÇ NREL°ú Çù·ÂÇÏ¿© ¾Ë·¡½ºÄ«¿¡¼­ ÀúÀå ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀü ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀáÀçÀû ºÎÁö¸¦ ½Äº°Çß´Ù. °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ÁÖ¿¡¼­ ¾à õ800°³ »çÀÌÆ®¸¦ ½Äº°Çß´Ù [»çShutterstock/Mirvav]

¾Æ¸£°ïÀº ¹Ì±¹ ¿¡³ÊÁöºÎÀÇ ±¹¸³Àç»ý¿¡³ÊÁö¿¬±¸¼Ò¿Í Çù·ÂÇØ ¾Ë·¡½ºÄ«¿¡¼­ ¾ç¼ö½Ä ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀü ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¸¦ À§ÇØ ÀáÀçÀû ºÎÁö¸¦ ½Äº°Çß´Ù [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = Shutterstock/Mirvav]

 

ºü¸£°Ô ³ì´Â ºùÇϺÎÅÍ, ±â·ÏÀûÀÎ »êºÒ¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö ¾Ë·¡½ºÄ«´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÇÏÀ§ 48°³ ÁÖº¸´Ù Áö±¸ ¿Â³­È­ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ´õ Å©°Ô ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 


¹Ì±¹ ¿¡³ÊÁöºÎ(DOE) »êÇÏ ±¹¸³Àç»ý¿¡³ÊÁö¿¬±¸¼Ò(NREL, National Renewable Energy Laboratory)´Â ¹Ì±¹ ³ó¹«ºÎ(USDA)¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ ¸éÀûÀÌ °¡Àå Å« ÁÖÀÎ ¾Ë·¡½ºÄ«´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² ÁÖº¸´Ù ºü¸£°Ô ¿Â³­È­°¡ ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ°í, ±× °á°ú ÇØ¾È Ä§½Ä, Æødz¿µÇâ Áõ°¡, Çغù ÈÄÅð ¹× ¿µ±¸ µ¿ÅäÃþ ¿ëÇØ µîÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.


´º¿åÁÖÀÇ ¹æ´ëÇÑ ±Ô¸ð¿Í ´Ù¾çÇÑ È¯°æÀº °íÀ¯ÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö ¼ö¿ä¿Í °úÁ¦¸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ¾Ë·¡½ºÄ«´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ÁÖµéó·³ Å« ÁÖÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö ±×¸®µå¿Í ¿¬°áµÅ ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ¾Ë·¡½ºÄ«ÀÇ Àü·Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº µÎ °³ÀÇ Å« Àü¼Û ½Ã½ºÅÛ°ú 150°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¼Ò±Ô¸ð °í¸³µÈ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÅ ¿Üµý Áö¿ª¿¡ ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.


¾Ë·¡½ºÄ«´Â ÁÖ·Î ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò¸¦ ¹èÃâÇÏ´Â È­¼® ¿¬·á ±â¹Ý Àü·ÂÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÁÖÁ¤ºÎ Àü·ÂÀÇ ¾à 30%¸¸ÀÌ Ç³·Â, ž翭 ¹× ¹°À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ Àç»ý °¡´É ¿¡³ÊÁö¿¡¼­ ¾ò¾îÁø´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹«Åº¼Ò ¿¡³ÊÁö¿øÀ» Àü±â ±×¸®µå¿¡ ´õ Å« ±Ô¸ð·Î ÅëÇÕÇϱâ À§ÇØ °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ž翭°ú dz·ÂÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÒ ¶§ ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ Àü·ÂÀ» Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ºñ¿ë È¿À²ÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ã¾Ò´Ù. ¾Ë·¡½ºÄ«¿¡¼­´Â ¾î¶² ¿©¸§³¯¿¡´Â žçÀÌ 24½Ã°£ ¶°ÀÖ°í, °Ü¿ï¿¡´Â °ÅÀÇ ¶°ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§µµ ÀÖ´Ù.


¹Ì±¹ ¿¡³ÊÁöºÎ(DOE) ¾Æ¸£°ï ±¹¸³ ¿¬±¸¼Ò(Argonne National Laboratory)ÀÇ °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ¾Ë·¡½ºÄ« Àü¿ª¿¡¼­ ¸¹Àº ¾çÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ÀúÀåÇÏ°í, ±×¸®µå º¹¿ø·ÂÀ» Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°´Â È¿À²ÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¾ç¼ö½Ä ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀüÀÇ ÀáÀç·ÂÀ» ÆľÇÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÁÖµµÇß´Ù. ¾Æ¸£°ïÀº DOEÀÇ ¼ö·Â ±â¼ú »ç¹«¼Ò¿¡¼­ ÀÚ±ÝÀ» Áö¿ø¹Þ±â À§ÇØ DOEÀÇ ±¹¸³Àç»ý¿¡³ÊÁö ¿¬±¸¼Ò(NREL)¿Í ÆÄÆ®³Ê¸¦ ¸Î¾ú´Ù. 


µÎ ¿¬±¸¼ÒÀÇ °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº Áöµµ¸¦ º¸°í,  Áö¸® °ø°£ ºÐ¼®À» °øµ¿À¸·Î ¼öÇàÇØ ¾Ë·¡½ºÄ«¿¡¼­ ¾ç¼ö½Ä ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀü¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ Àå¼Ò¸¦ ½Äº°Çß´Ù. ¾ç¼ö½Ä ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀüÀº ÇöÀç ¹Ì±¹ Àüü ÀúÀå ¿ë·®ÀÇ ¾à 93%¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ±× °á°ú ¾Ë·¡½ºÄ«ÀÇ ¾à õ800°³ ÇöÀåÀÌ Æó¼âÇü ¾ç¼ö½Ä ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀü ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ® °³¹ß¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇß°í, ´õ ¸¹Àº ÇöÀåÀÌ °³¹æÇü ¾ç¼ö½Ä ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀü ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ® °³¹ß¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇß´Ù.


±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀü°ú ´Þ¸® ¾ç¼ö½Ä ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀü ±â¼úÀº ¹°ÀÌ »óºÎ Àú¼öÁö¿¡¼­ ÅͺóÀ» ÅëÇØ ÇϺΠÀú¼öÁö·Î ¹æÃâµÉ ¶§ Àü±â¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÑ´Ù. Àü±â°¡ Àú·ÅÇÏ°í dzºÎÇÑ ¹ã¿¡´Â ÅͺóÀ» µÚÁý¾î ¹°À» ³ôÀº »óºÎ Àú¼öÁö·Î ´Ù½Ã º¸³½´Ù. Àü·ÂÀº ÀúÀåµÆ´Ù°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¶§ ¹æÃ⠵ȴÙ. 


ºí¶óµð¹Ì¸£ ÄÚ¸®Å¸·ÎÇÁ(Vladimir Koritarov) ¾Æ¸£°ï(Argonne)ÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¹× ÀÎÇÁ¶ó ºÐ¼® ºÎ¼­ÀÎ ¿¡³ÊÁö¡¤È¯°æ¡¤°æÁ¦ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ºÐ¼® ¼¾ÅÍ(CEEESA) ¼ÒÀåÀº "¾Ë·¡½ºÄ«¿¡¼­ ¾ç¼ö½Ä ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀüÀº º¯´öÀûÀÎ ³¯¾¾ÀÇ ±ÕÇüÀ» ¸ÂÃß±â À§ÇØ Àç»ý ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ÀúÀåÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ´õ ¸¹Àº dz·Â°ú ž翭À» ¿¡³ÊÁö ±×¸®µå¿¡ ÅëÇÕÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀáÀç·ÂÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù¡±°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ "¿ì¸®´Â ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®°¡ õ800°³ Áö¿ª ¸ðµÎ¿¡¼­ °³¹ßµÉ °ÍÀ̶ó°¡Á¤ÇÏÁø ¾ÊÁö¸¸ ÀáÀçÀûÀÎ °³¹ßÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸¹Àº Áö¿ªÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù"°í ¼³¸íÇß´Ù.


ź¼Ò ¹èÃâ·®À» ÁÙÀÌ´Â °Í°ú ÇÔ²² ÀÌ Àç»ý ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ¾Ë·¡½ºÄ«ÀÇ ¿Üµý Áö¿ª¿¡ µðÁ© ¿¬·á¸¦ °ø±ÞÇÏ´Â µ¥ µå´Â ³ôÀº ºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ Àü±â ºñ¿ëÀ» ³·Ãâ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¾Ë·¡½ºÄ«ÀÇ Àü±â´Â ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ºñ½Ñ Àü±â Áß Çϳª´Ù. ³óÃÌ Áö¿ª °ÅÁÖÀÚ´Â µµ½Ã Áö¿ª °ÅÁÖÀÚº¸´Ù 3-4 ¹è ´õ ¸¹Àº ºñ¿ëÀ» ÁöºÒÇÑ´Ù.


¾Ë·¡½ºÄ«´Â ´Ü±â, Àå±â ¿¡³ÊÁö ÀúÀåÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù


¾Æ¸£°ï ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº ¾Ë·¡½ºÄ«ÀÇ ÅëÇÕ ·¹ÀϺ§Æ®(Railbelt) ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ ¾ç¼ö½Ä ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀüÀÇÀáÀç·ÂÀ» Æò°¡Çß´Ù. Àü¼Û ±×¸®µå´Â Æä¾î¹ðÅ©½º(Fairbanks) ½Ã¿¡¼­ ¾ÞÄ¿¸®Áö(Anchorage) ¹× ÄɳªÀÌ ¹Ýµµ(Kenai Peninsula)±îÁö È®ÀåµÇ´Â 5°³ÀÇ ±ÔÁ¦µÈ °ø°ø ½Ã¼³·Î ±¸¼º´Ù. ·¹ÀϺ§Æ® Àü±âÀÇ ¾à 80%´Â ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò¸¦ ¹èÃâÇϴ õ¿¬ °¡½º¿¡¼­ ³ª´Ù.


¾Æ¸£°ï °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº Àü·Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¿î¿µ ¹× °èȹÀ» À§ÇÑ ±¹°¡ ±Ô¸ðÀÇ ÅëÇÕ ½Ã¹Ä·¹ÀÌ¼Ç ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ¿öÅ©ÀÎ A-LEAF(Argonne Low-Carbon Electricity Analysis Framework)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ ¼¼ºÎ ¸ðµ¨À» ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ¾Æ¸£°ï °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº °ú°Å¿Í ÇöÀçÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö Àü¼Û Ãß¼¼¸¦ ¿¬±¸Çß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº ÇâÈÄ 25³â µ¿¾È ¿¹»óµÇ´Â Àü·Â ¼ö¿äÀÇ Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ ¼ºÀåÀ» ºÐ¼®Çß´Ù. A-LEAF´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ±âÁ¸ ¹ßÀü±â°¡ °æÁ¦Àû ¼ö¸í¿¡ µµ´ÞÇϸé Æó±âÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» °í·ÁÇß´Ù.


ÄÚ¸®Å¸·ÎÇÁ(Koritarov)´Â "A-LEAF ¸ðµ¨¸µÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä °á°ú Áß Çϳª´Â ·¹ÀϺ§Æ® ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ¹Ì·¡¿¡ ´Ü±â ¹× Àå±â ¿¡³ÊÁö ÀúÀå ÀåÄ¡¸¦ ¸ðµÎ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¡³ÊÁö ÀúÀåÀº dz·Â ¹× ž翭 ¹ßÀüÀÇ ¿î¿µ º¯µ¿¼ºÀ» ±ÕÇüÀÖ°Ô Á¶Á¤ÇÏ°í, ´õ ¿À·£ ±â°£ µ¿¾È ½Å·Ú¼º°ú ¹é¾÷ ¿ë·®À» Á¦°øÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù"¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.


¾ç¼ö½Ä ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀüÀº ¾à 10½Ã°£ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö ÀúÀåÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¬±¸´Â ¸®Æ¬ ÀÌ¿Â ¹èÅ͸® ·¹ÀϺ§Æ® ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ ´Ü±â(4½Ã°£) ¿¡³ÊÁö ÀúÀå¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©Áá´Ù.


NREL °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº °í¸³µÈ ¼ÒÇü Àü·Â¸Á ¶Ç´Â "¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î±×¸®µå"·Î Àü·ÂÀ» °ø±Þ¹Þ´Â ¾Ë·¡½ºÄ«ÀÇ ¿Üµý Áö¿ªÀ» Æò°¡Çß´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables) ¸ðµ¨À» »ç¿ëÇØ ÃÖ¼Ò 250¸í ÀÌ»óÀÇ °ÅÁÖÀÚ°¡ ÀÖ´Â ½Ã°ñ Áö¿ª »çȸ¿¡¼­ ¼Ò±Ô¸ð ¾ç¼ö½Ä ÀúÀå ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®ÀÇ ½ÇÇà °¡´É¼ºÀ» ºÐ¼®Çß´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÀÀº ¼Ò±Ô¸ð ¾ç¼ö½Ä ÀúÀå ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®ÀÇ ÀáÀç·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â 18°³ÀÇ ¿Üµý Áö¿ªÀ» ¼±º°Çß´Ù. ±×°÷Àº Àα¸ ±Ô¸ð¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¿©·¯ ±âÁØÀ» ÃæÁ·Çß´Ù. °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ´ëºÎºÐ ¼Ò±Ô¸ð ¾ç¼ö½Ä ÀúÀå ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ® ´ëºñ ³ôÀº ÅõÀÚ ºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î ¾ç¼ö½Ä ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀüÀÌ ¿Üµý Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ °æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÇÇö °¡´ÉÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÆÇ´ÜÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸®Æ¬ ÀÌ¿Â ¹èÅ͸® ÀúÀåÀÌ Àü±â ºñ¿ëÀ» ³·Ãß·Á´Â ³óÃÌ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ °æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ´õ À¯¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸ °æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ´õ ¿À·¡ º¸°üÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù.


·¹º£Ä« ¸Þµµ¿ì½º Rebecca Meadows NRELÀÇ ¼ö¼® ¿£Áö´Ï¾î´Â "ÃÖÀûÀÇ ¾ç¼ö½Ä ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀü ÀÚ¿ø°ú Ư¼ºÀ» °¡Áø ¿Üµý Áö¿ª »çȸ¸¦ ¼±º°ÇÏ´Â °Í ¿Ü¿¡µµ ÀÌ ¿¬±¸¿¡´Â ¾ç¼ö½Ä ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀü ÀÚº» ºñ¿ë°ú µðÁ© ¿¬·á °¡°Ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Î°¨µµ ºÐ¼®ÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾú´Ù"¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ±×´Â "¸ñÇ¥´Â ¾ç¼ö½Ä ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀü ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®°¡ °æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÇÇöµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ½ÃÁ¡À» °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù"¶ó¸ç µðÁ© ºñ¿ëÀÌ ´õ ³ôÀº ´ë±Ô¸ð ¿Üµý Áö¿ª »çȸÀÇ °æ¿ì, Àç»ý °¡´ÉÇÑ ÀÚ¿ø ¹× °Ç¼³ °¡´É¼º°ú °°Àº ÇöÀ庰 °í·Á »çÇ׿¡ µû¶ó ¾ç¼ö½Ä ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀüÀÌ ºñ¿ë È¿À²ÀûÀÎ ¿É¼ÇÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °á°ú°¡ ³ª¿Ô´Ù"°í ¸»Çß´Ù.


¾ç¼ö½Ä ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀü ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ® ½ÇÇà


ź¼Ò ¹èÃâ·®À» À» ÁÙÀ̱â À§ÇÑ ½ÇÇà °¡´ÉÇÑ ±â¼ú·Î¼­ ¾ç¼ö½Ä ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀüÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» °ËÁõÇÏ´Â °Í°ú ÇÔ²² ¾Æ¸£°ï°ú NRELÀÇ ¿¬±¸´Â ûÁ¤ ¿¡³ÊÁö Á¤Ã¥ ¹× ±ÔÁ¤À» °³¹ßÇÏ°í, ÅõÀÚ °áÁ¤À» ³»¸®´Âµ¥ ´ëÇÑ ÁöħÀ» Á¦°øÇß´Ù.


"ÀÌ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ¾Ë·¡½ºÄ« °æÁ¦¿¡ ´Þ·¯¸¦ °ø±ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °³¹ßÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ¹Ì ÁÖ¿¡¼­ ¾ç¼ö½Ä ÀúÀå ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀü¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹®ÀÇÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù"°í ÄÚ¸®Å¸·ÎÇÁ´Â ¸»Çß´Ù. 


ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¿¡ Æø³ÐÀº Àü¹® Áö½ÄÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ ¾Æ¸£°ïÀº ¾ç¼ö½Ä ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀü ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®ÀÇ °¡Ä¡¸¦ Æò°¡ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ '2021³â DOE°¡ ÈÄ¿ø °¡À̵åºÏ'À» ÆíÂùÇß´Ù. 


¾Æ¸£°ï°ú NRELÀÇ ¿¬±¸´Â ºü¸£°Ô ÁøÈ­ÇÏ´Â ¹Ì±¹ Àü·Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀü ¹× ¾ç¼ö ½Ä ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀüÀÇ ½Å·Ú¼º, º¹¿ø·Â ¹× ÅëÇÕ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±â¿©¸¦ ÀÌÇØ, È°¼ºÈ­ ¹× °³¼±Çϱâ À§ÇØ DOEÀÇ ¼ö·Â¿ÍÀ̾î(HydroWIRESÀÇ Åº¼º Àü·Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» À§ÇÑ ¹° Çõ½Å(Water Innovation for a Resilient Electricity System)À̴ϼÅƼºê¿¡ µû¶ó ¼öÇàµÆ´Ù.


[¿ø¹®º¸±â]


Harnessing the power of water: Argonne and NREL study shows the potential of pumped storage hydropower in Alaska

Pumped storage hydropower stores energy to provide constant power during intermittent weather in Alaska

 


From rapidly melting glaciers to record-breaking wildfires, Alaska is feeling the impact of global warming more acutely than most of the lower 48 states.


Alaska, the nation¡¯s largest state by area, is warming faster than any other U.S. state, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The result is coastal erosion, increased storm effects, sea ice retreat and permafrost melt, among other impacts.


The state¡¯s massive size and diverse landscape have created unique energy needs and challenges. Alaska is not connected to large interstate energy grid like most other states. It consists of two larger transmission systems and more than 150 small, isolated systems serving remote communities.


Alaska is primarily powered by fossil fuel-based power that emit the carbon dioxide that drives climate change. The state gets roughly 30% of its power from renewable energy, including wind, solar and water. To integrate those zero-carbon energy sources into the electric grid on a larger scale, scientists are seeking cost-effective ways to store energy to provide constant power when solar and wind are scarce. In Alaska, the sun might shine 24 hours on some summer days and barely at all in the winter.


Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy¡¯s (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory led a study to determine the potential of pumped storage hydropower as an efficient way to store large amounts of energy and improve grid resiliency throughout Alaska. Argonne partnered with the DOE¡¯s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) for the project funded by DOE¡¯s Water Power Technologies Office.


Scientists at both labs collaborated on mapping and geospatial analysis to identify Alaska locations feasible for pumped storage hydropower. Pumped storage hydropower currently provides about 93% of all storage capacity in the U.S. About 1,800 sites in Alaska are suitable for the development of closed-loop pumped storage hydropower projects and many more are suitable for open loop pumped storage hydropower projects as well.


Unlike conventional hydroelectric power, pumped storage hydropower technology generates electricity when water is released from an upper reservoir through turbines into a lower reservoir. At night, when electricity is cheaper and abundant, the turbines are reversed to pump water back up into the elevated upper reservoir. Power is stored and released when needed.


¡°In Alaska, pumped storage hydropower has the potential to integrate more wind and solar into the power grid by storing excess renewable energy to balance intermittent periods of weather,¡± said Vladimir Koritarov, director of the Center for Energy, Environmental and Economic Systems Analysis (CEEESA) in Argonne¡¯s Energy Systems and Infrastructure Analysis division. ¡°We are not assuming that projects will be developed on all 1,800 sites, but there are plenty of locations available for potential development.¡±


Along with reducing carbon emissions, renewable energy can lower the cost of electricity driven by the high cost of delivering diesel fuel to Alaska¡¯s remote areas. Electricity in Alaska is among the costliest in the nation. Residents in rural areas pay three-four times more than those living in urban areas.


Alaska needs short-, long-term energy storage

Argonne researchers evaluated pumped storage hydropower potential in Alaska¡¯s integrated Railbelt system. The transmission grid comprises five regulated public utilities that extend from the cities of Fairbanks to Anchorage and the Kenai Peninsula. Approximately 80% of the Railbelt¡¯s electricity comes from natural gas, which emits carbon dioxide.


Argonne scientists created detailed models using A-LEAF (Argonne Low-Carbon Electricity Analysis Framework), an integrated national-scale simulation framework for power system operations and planning. Argonne scientists studied past and present energy transmission trends. They analyzed overall growth in electricity demand expected in the next 25 years. A-LEAF also considered retiring existing generators as they reach their economic lifetime.


¡°One of the key findings of the A-LEAF modeling is that the Railbelt system will need both short- and long-duration energy storage in the future. That storage will balance the operational variability of wind and solar generation and provide reliability and backup capacity for longer periods,¡± Koritarov said.


Pumped storage hydropower provides roughly 10 or more hours of energy storage. The study showed that lithium-ion batteries were feasible for short-term (four-hour) energy storage in the Railbelt system.


NREL scientists evaluated Alaska¡¯s remote areas that are powered by small isolated electrical grids, or ¡°microgrids.¡± Using the HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables) model, researchers analyzed the viability of small-pumped storage projects in rural communities with at least 250 or more residents. The team identified 18 remote communities with potential for smaller pumped storage projects. The communities met a number of criteria including population size. Scientists determined that in most cases, pumped storage hydropower may not be economically feasible for remote areas due to the high investment cost of small-size pumped storage projects. Lithium-ion battery storage may be more economically beneficial in rural areas seeking to lower electricity costs but will not provide longer duration storage economically.


¡°In addition to identifying remote communities with optimal pumped storage hydropower resources and characteristics, the study included a sensitivity analysis of pumped storage hydropower capital costs and the price of diesel fuel,¡± said Rebecca Meadows, an NREL senior engineer.  ¡°The goal was to determine at what point distributed scale-pumped storage hydropower projects could become economically viable. For larger remote communities with higher diesel costs, results showed that pumped storage hydropower could be a cost-effective option depending on site-specific considerations such as renewable resources and constructability.¡±


Putting pumped storage hydropower projects into action

Along with validating the use of pumped storage hydropower as a viable technology for reducing carbon emissions, the Argonne-NREL study offers guidance on developing clean energy policies and regulations and making investment decisions.


Such projects can also pump dollars into the Alaskan economy. Developers are already inquiring about potential pumped storage hydropower developments in the state, Koritarov said.


Argonne, which brought a breadth of expertise to the project, spearheaded a 2021 DOE-sponsored guidebook on how to value pumped storage hydropower projects.


The Argonne-NREL research was conducted under the DOE¡¯s HydroWIRES (Water Innovation for a Resilient Electricity System) initiative to understand, enable, and improve hydropower and pumped storage hydropower¡¯s contributions to reliability, resilience and integration in the rapidly evolving U.S. electricity system.


[Ãâó = Argonne(https://www.anl.gov/article/harnessing-the-power-of-water-argonne-and-nrel-study-shows-the-potential-of-pumped-storage) / 2023³â 7¿ù 20ÀÏ]

¨Ï±Û·Î¹ú¹°»ê¾÷Á¤º¸¼¾ÅÍ(www.waterindustry.co.kr) ¹«´ÜÀüÀç ¹× Àç¹èÆ÷±ÝÁö
ÀÌÀü±Û [´ë¸¸] Innodisk, »ê¾÷¿ë °ø±â ¼¾¼­ ¸ðµâ ¼Ö·ç¼Ç Ãâ½Ã
´ÙÀ½±Û [Áß±¹] ÃæÀü, ¿¬°á ¹× Áö¿ø: ¿ÀÅÚ¿¡³ÊÁö, Àü ¼¼°è ÆÄÆ®³Ê»ç¿¡ ¸Æ½ÃÂ÷Àú ¹èÆ÷·Î ±Û·Î¹ú Àü±âÈ­ ¹× ûÁ¤¿¡³ÊÁö Àüȯ °¡¼Ó
±Û·Î¹ú¹°»ê¾÷Á¤º¸¼¾ÅÍ.   ¼¾ÅÍÀå : ¹èö¹Î
ÁÖ¼Ò : ¼­¿ï½Ã ¼ÛÆı¸ »ïÀüµ¿ 72-3 À¯¸²ºôµù 5Ãþ TEL (02) 3431-0210   FAX (02) 3431-0260   E-mail waterindustry@hanmail.net
COPYRIGHT(C) 2012 ±Û·Î¹ú¹°»ê¾÷Á¤º¸¼¾ÅÍ. ALL RIGHT RESERVED.