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À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2014.03.10 Á¶È¸¼ö 217
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¹Ì±¹ Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ÁÖ ³²ºÎ Çؾȿ¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¼öÇàµÈ »õ·Î¿î ÃøÁ¤¿¡ µû¸£¸é, Çؼö Ç¥¸é(sea surface)ÀÌ ¾ß°£¿¡ ¿À¿°µÈ ´ë±â¿¡ ±¸ÃàµÈ Áú¼Ò»êÈ­¹°(nitrogen oxides)À» Èí¼öÇÑ´Ù°í ¹àÇû´Ù. ÇؾçÀÌ ÇؾÈÀ» µû¶ó ¾ß°£ µ¿¾È ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ È­Çй°ÁúÀÇ ¾à 15% °¡·®À» Á¦°ÅÇÑ´Ù°í ¹Ì±¹ ±¹¸³°úÇпøȸº¸(PNAS; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences) ¿Â¶óÀÎ ÆÇ¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÈ µ¿ ¿¬±¸´Â Á¦¾ÈÇß´Ù.

Áú¼Ò»êÈ­¹°Àº ´ë±â Áß¿¡¼­ ÀϾ´Â ¿©·¯ È­ÇйÝÀÀ¿¡¼­ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. Áú¼Ò»êÈ­¹°ÀÇ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ÇüÅÂÀÎ Áú»ê±â(NO3)´Â ¾îµÎ¿î °÷¿¡¼­ Çü¼ºµÇ´Âµ¥ ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¹ã¿¡ ´ë±â¿¡¼­ ÀϾ´Â È­ÇйÝÀÀÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÑ´Ù. Áú¼Ò»êÈ­¹°Àº ¹°°ú ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ¿© Áú»ê(HNO3)À» ¸¸µå´Âµ¥, ÀÌ´Â »ê¼ººñÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä¿øÀÎÀÌ µÈ´Ù. »ê¼ººñ·Î ÀÎÇØ Áú¼Ò»êÈ­¹°Àº ħÀüµÇ°Å³ª ºñ¿¡ ¾Ä°Ü ³»¸²À¸·Î½á ´ë±â Áß¿¡¼­ Áú¼Ò»êÈ­¹°À» Á¦°ÅÇϴµ¥ ÇÙ½ÉÀûÀÎ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. Áú»êÀº ±ØÁö¹æ ¼ºÃþ±Ç¿¡¼­ ±¸¸§ÀÇ ÀÔÀÚ°¡ µÇ±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ±¸¸§ÀÔÀÚ´Â ¹°°ú Áú»êÀÌ ¼¯ÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î NAT(Nitric Acid Trihydrate)¶ó°í ºÒ¸®¸ç ±ØÁö¹æÀÇ ¿ÀÁ¸ÃþÀ» Æı«ÇÏ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.

È­¼® ¿¬·áÀÇ ¿¬¼Ò·Î Çü¼ºµÇ´Â Áú¼Ò»êÈ­¹°Àº À¯ÇØÇÑ ±¤È­ÇÐÀû ½º¸ð±×(photochemical smog)¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÑ´Ù. ´ë±â È­ÇÐÀÚµéÀº Áú¼Ò»êÈ­¹°ÀÌ ´ë±â·ÎºÎÅÍ Á¦°ÅµÇ´Â ¹æ¾ÈÀ¸·Î¼­ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹°ÁúÀÇ °ø±Þ¿ø°ú ÀúÀå¼Ò¸¦ ±Ô¸íÇÏ´Â ¹èºÐ¿¡¼­ Áú¼Ò»êÈ­¹°ÀÇ ¿î¸íÀ» °í·ÁÇϱ⸦ ¹Ù¶ó°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Á¾Á¾ ¹«½ÃµÇ´Â °æ·Î Áß Çϳª´Â ÇؼöÀÇ Ç¥¸é¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¹ÝÀÀÀ̶ó°í ÀÌ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÁÖµµÇÑ Ä¶¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ÁÖ¸³´ëÇÐ »÷µð¿¡ÀÌ°í Ä·ÆÛ½º(UC San Diego; University of California, San Diego) È­Çаú Á¶±³¼öÀÎ Tim BertramÀº ¹àÇû´Ù. Çؼö´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ È­ÇÐ ¹ÝÀÀ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡´É¼ºÀ» Áö´Ñ ¿°ºÐÀ» ÇÔÀ¯ÇÑ Ç³ºÎÇÑ À¯±â Ç¥¸é(organic surface)À» °¡Áø´Ù.

´ë±â Áß¿¡¼­ Áú¼Ò ¼øȯÀ» ÃßÀûÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº Áú¼Ò»êÈ­¹°ÀÇ »êÈ­ÀÇ °á°ú·Î »ý¼ºµÇ´Â ºÐÀÚÀÎ ¿À»êÈ­ÀÌÁú¼Ò(dinitrogen pentoxide)¸¦ ¿¬±¸Çß´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, ÀÌ ¹°ÁúÀº ¿°È­´ÏÅ©¸±(nitryl chloride, ClNO2)À» Çü¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ÇØ¿°À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ À¯·¡ÇÏ´Â ¿°È­¹°(chloride)°ú ¹ÝÀÀÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½³¯ ¾Æħ Àϱ¤ÀÌ ¿°È­´ÏÆ®¸±À» Á¶»çÇÒ ¶§, ÀÌ ¹°ÁúÀº Áú¼Ò»êÈ­¹°À» ´Ù½Ã »ý¼º½ÃÅ°°í, ¿ÀÁ¸ Çü¼ºÀ¸·Î À̾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹ÝÀÀ¿¡¼­ ´Ù¸¥ ºÐÀÚ¸¦ °ø°ÝÇÏ´Â ¿°¼Ò ¶óµðÄ®(chlorine radical)À» Çظ®½ÃŲ´Ù.

UC San Diego »êÇÏ ½ºÅ©¸³½º ÇØ¾ç ¿¬±¸¼Ò(Scripps Institution of Oceanography)¿¡¼­ ´ëÇпø ÇлýÀÎ Michelle KimÀº Bertram ±³¼ö¿Í ÇÔ²² ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºÐÀÚÀÇ È帧À» ÃøÁ¤Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ÁÖ ¶óÈ£¾ß Çغ¯(La Jolla) ³» ¿¬±¸¼Ò ³¡ºÎºÐ¿¡ ¿¬±¸ÁøÀÇ µµ±¸¸¦ ¹èÄ¡Çß´Ù.

2013³â 2¿ù 20ÀÏ ¾ß°£, ÀÏ»óÀûÀÎ ÇØ¾ç ¹Ù¶÷Àº ´ë±â¿Í Çؼö »çÀÌÀÇ ±³È¯À» ÃøÁ¤Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â ¼ø¼öÇÑ ÇؾçÀ» Á¦°øÇϵµ·Ï ¿ªÀ¸·Î ºÒ¾ú´Ù. ¶Ç ±×³à°¡ ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ ±â´Ü(airmass)Àº ÇؼöÀÇ ¹Ù±ùÂÊ¿¡¼­ ºÒ¾î¿Í ·Î½º¾ØÁ©·¹½º·ÎºÎÅÍ À¯·¡ÇÏ´Â ¹è±â°¡½º¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ È¯°æÀº ¿¬±¸ÁøÀÌ ¾ß°£ µ¿¾È ¿À»êÈ­ÀÌÁú¼Ò¿Í ÀÌ ¹°ÁúÀÇ »ý¼º¹°ÀÎ ¿°È­´ÏÆ®¸±ÀÇ ¿î¸íÀ» ÃøÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±âȸ¸¦ Á¦°øÇß´Ù.

Çؼö Ç¥¸é¿¡¼­ ´ë±â¿¡¼­ÀÇ ³­±â·ù(turbulence)¿Í µÎ °¡Áö ºÐÀÚÀÇ ³óµµ¸¦ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÃøÁ¤ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, KimÀº ¿À»êÈ­ÀÌÁú¼Ò°¡ ÇؾçÀ¸·Î À̵¿ÇÏ´Â ¼ø À̵¿(net movement)À» °üÂûÇßÁö¸¸, ¿°È­´ÏÆ®¸±ÀÌ ´ë±â·Î ¼ø À¯ÃâµÇ´Â Çö»óÀº °üÂûÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» È®ÀÎÇß´Ù.

¿¬±¸ÁøÀº Áú¼Ò»êÈ­¹°ÀÌ ÆĵµÀÇ ºñ¸»(sea spray)°ú ´Ù¸¥ ¿¡¾î·ÎÁ¹, ½ÉÁö¾î´Â ´«µ¢ÀÌ·Î µÚµ¤ÀÎ µéÆÇ(snowpack) µî°ú °°Àº ´Ù¾çÇÑ Ç¥¸éÀ¸·Î ¼Ò½ÇµÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌÀüÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ ±Ô¸íÇÑ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù°í ±×³à´Â ¹àÇû´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¬±¸´Â ÇؾçÀÌ ¾ß°£ Áú¼Ò»êÈ­¹°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀÎ ÀúÀå¼Ò(terminal sink)À̸ç, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½Ã·á äÁý Á¶°Ç ÇÏ¿¡¼­ ¿°È­´ÏÆ®¸±ÀÇ °ø±Þ¿øÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» óÀ½À¸·Î º¸¿© ÁÖ¾ú´Ù°í KimÀº ¹àÇû´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °üÂûÀº ´ë±â È­Çп¡ ´ëÇÑ Áú¹®¿¡ ´äÀ» Á¦°øÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ÃøÁ¤¿¡ ¹Ì¼¼ ±â»óÇÐÀû ±â¼úÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ´Ù¼öÀÇ ºÎºÐ¿¡¼­ ÀÌÀü¿¡´Â ¼öÇàµÇÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÃøÁ¤ ¹æ¹ýÀÇ ÁÖµµÀÚÀÌ¸ç °øµ¿ ÀúÀÚÀÎ ÄÝ·Î¶óµµ ÁÖ¸³ ´ëÇÐ(Colorado State University) ¼Ò¼ÓÀÇ Delphine Farmer°¡ È帧 ÃøÁ¤À» ¼öÇàÇϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.

BetramÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÃøÁ¤ÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¿¬±¸Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© º¹À⼺À» ¼ö¿ëÇÏ°í, °ü·Ã ¿µÇâ¿¡ µû¸¥ ÀÚ¿¬Àû ¼¼°è¸¦ Á¶ÇÕÇÏ´Â ±×ÀÇ ¿¬±¸ ±×·ìÀÇ ÀÓ¹« Áß ÀϺζó°í ¹àÇû´Ù.
 
[Ãâó : KISTI ¹Ì¸®¾È(http://mirian.kisti.re.kr) ¡º±Û·Î¹úµ¿Çâºê¸®ÇÎ(GTB)¡»2014. 03. 07]
 
[¿ø¹®º¸±â]
 
Sea surface is a sink for nitrogen oxides at night
 
The surface of the sea is a sink for nitrogen oxides at night
 
The surface of the sea takes up nitrogen oxides that build up in polluted air at night, new measurements on the coast of southern California have shown. The ocean removes about 15 percent of these chemicals overnight along the coast, a team of atmospheric chemists reports in the early online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences the week of March 3.
 
Nitrogen oxides, formed by the burning of fossil fuels, generate photochemical smog. Atmospheric chemists would like to account for the fates of these molecules in a kind of budget that indentifies their sources and sinks – ways in which they are removed from the air.
 
"One often neglected path is reaction at the surface of the sea," said Tim Bertram, an assistant professor of chemistry at the University of California, San Diego, who led the research. "The sea has a salty, rich, organic surface with the potential for a variety of chemical reactions."
 
To track the cycle of nitrogen in the atmosphere, they studied dinitrogen pentoxide, a molecule that results from the oxidation of nitrogen oxides. It can react with chloride from sea salt, for example, to form nitryl chloride. When sunlight hits nitryl chloride the next morning, it regenerates nitrogen oxides and frees a chlorine radical that attacks other molecules in reactions that can lead to the formation of ozone.
 
Michelle Kim, a graduate student at UC San Diego's Scripps Institution of Oceanography working with Bertram, deployed intruments at the end of the institute's pier in La Jolla, Calif., to measure the flux of these molecules.
 
On the night of February 20, 2013, the usual offshore breeze reversed to provide the pure ocean fetch needed to measure the exchange between air and sea. The airmass she measured also contained emissions from Los Angeles that had blown out to sea. That gave Kim an opportunity to measure the fates of dinitrogen pentoxide and its product, nitryl chloride, over the course of a night.
 
By simultaneously measuring concentrations of both molecules and turbulence in the air above the sea surface, Kim saw a net movement of dinitrogen pentoxide into the ocean, but was surprised to see no net exit of nitryl chloride into the air.
 
"We knew from previous work that nitrogen oxides are lost to various surfaces – sea spray and other aerosols, even snowpack," she said. "This study shows – for the first time - that the ocean is a terminal sink for nocturnal nitrogen oxides, and not a source for nitryl chloride under these sampling conditions."
 
These observations haven't been made before in large part because the measurements use a micrometeorological technique to answer an atmospheric chemistry question. Co-author Delphine Farmer at Colorado State University, a leader in these methods, helped to guide to the flux measurements.
 
Betram says it's part of his group's mission, to "embrace the complexity to study real systems in their native states and the coupling of the natural world with our influence."
 
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