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À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2014.08.11 Á¶È¸¼ö 296
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Áö±¸ÀÇ º¯È­ÇÏ´Â ±âÈÄ¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä¡´Â ¸ðµç ¿äÀÎ Áß ±¸¸§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¡¾î·ÎÁ¹(aerosol)À̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â Áö±¸ ´ë±â ³» ÀÛÀº ÀÔÀÚÀÇ È¿°ú´Â ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ Àß ÀÌÇصǰí ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¡¾î·ÎÁ¹Àº À¯ÀԵǴ Àϱ¤À» »ê¶õ ¶Ç´Â Èí¼öÇÏ°í, ±¸¸§ÀÇ Çü¼º°ú Ư¡¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä£´Ù. ¸ðµç À¯ÇüÀÇ ±¸¸§ Áß, Çؾç Ç¥¸éÀÇ ¾à 1/3À» Â÷ÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ÇØ¾ç »ó°øÀÇ ³·Àº ¼öÁØÀÇ ±¸¸§Àº ¾Ëº£µµ(albedo) ¶Ç´Â Àϱ¤ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ¹Ý»çÇÏ¿© ¿ìÁÖ·Î µÇµ¹·Á º¸³» Áö±¸¸¦ ³Ã°¢½ÃÅ°´Â Áö±¸ Ç¥¸éÀÇ ¹Ý»çÀ²(reflectivity)¿¡ °¡Àå Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä£´Ù.

Ãֱ٠Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ±â¼ú ¿¬±¸¼Ò(California Institute of Technology) ¼Ò¼ÓÀÌ¸ç ³ª»ç Á¦Æ® ÃßÁø ¿¬±¸¼Ò(JPL; Jet Propulsion Laboratory) ¼Ò¼ÓÀÇ ¹Ú»ç ÈÄ °úÁ¤ ¿¬±¸¿øÀÎ Yi-Chun ChenÀÌ ÁÖµµÇÏ´Â »õ·Î¿î ÀΰøÀ§¼º ÀÚ·áÀÇ Æ÷°ýÀûÀÎ Àü ¼¼°è ºÐ¼®Àº ¿¡¾î·ÎÁ¹ ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­ º¯È­°¡ ÇØ¾ç »ó°øÀÇ ¿Â³­ÇÑ ±¸¸§¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä¡´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© Á¤·®È­Çß´Ù. °ü·Ã ¿¬±¸´Â 2014³â 8¿ù 3ÀÏ Nature Geoscience Àú³Î ¿Â¶óÀÎ ÆÇ¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÆ´Ù.

¿¡¾î·ÎÁ¹ ¼öÁØ(aerosol level)¿¡¼­ º¯È­´Â µÎ °¡Áö Áß¿äÇÑ È¿°ú¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù. ¿¡¾î·ÎÁ¹ ¼öÁØÀº ´ë±â Áß¿¡¼­ ±¸¸§ÀÇ ¾çÀ» º¯È­½ÃÅ°°í, ±¸¸§ÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀ» º¯È­½ÃŲ´Ù. ¼öÁõ±â´Â ¿¡¾î·ÎÁ¹ ÀÔÀÚ¸¦ ±¸¸§ ÀÔÀÚ ¶Ç´Â ±¸¸§ ¾óÀ½ ÀÔÀÚ(cloud ice particle)·Î ÀÀ°á½ÃÅ°°í, µû¶ó¼­ º¸´Ù ´õ ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀÇ ¿¡¾î·ÎÁ¹Àº ´õ ¸¹Àº ±¸¸§À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ±¸¸§ Ư¼º¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© Áõ°¡µÈ ¿¡¾î·ÎÁ¹ ¼öÁØÀº ±¸¸§¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±¸¸§ÀÌ ºñ¸¦ ³»¸®´À³Ä ¶Ç´Â ³»¸®Áö ¾Ê´À³Ä, ´ë±âÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤¼º ¹× »óÃþ ´ë·ù±Ç¿¡¼­ ½Àµµ ¼öÁØ(humidity level) µî¿¡ µû¶ó ¾×ü ¹°ÀÇ ¾çÀ» Áõ°¡½ÃÅ°°Å³ª °¨¼Ò½ÃŲ´Ù.

¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº µÎ °¡Áö È¿°ú¸¦ ÃÖÃÊ·Î ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ ÃßÁ¤À» Á¦°øÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©, 2006³â 8¿ùºÎÅÍ 2011³â 4¿ù±îÁö A-Train(Afternoon Constellation)À̶ó°í ¾Ë·ÁÁø Áö±¸ °üÃø ÀΰøÀ§¼ºÀÇ ±¹Á¦ ±âÁö¿¡¼­ ´Ù¼öÀÇ ÀΰøÀ§¼ºÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ 730¸¸ °³ÀÇ °³¹ß ÀڷḦ ºÐ¼®Çß´Ù. Áï, ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ÇØ¾ç ±¸¸§°ú »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â ¿¡¾î·ÎÁ¹¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Çà»óµÇ´Â º¹»ç °­Á¦·ÂÀ» Á¤·®È­Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©, Áö±¸ °üÃø ÀΰøÀ§¼ºÀÎ A-Train ¹«¸®·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾òÀº ´Ù¼öÀÇ ÃøÁ¤À» Æ÷°ýÀûÀ¸·Î ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿© Á¦½ÃÇß´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº °°Àº ±â°£ µ¿¾È Àü ¼¼°è ÇØ¾ç »ó°øÀÇ °°Àº À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±¸¸§°ú ¿¡¾î·ÎÁ¹ÀÇ °üÃøÀ» ºÐ¼®Çß´Ù.

¿¡¾î·ÎÁ¹ ³óµµ¿¡¼­ º¯È­´Â ±¸¸§ ¾Ëº£µµ(cloud albedo)¿Í Áö±¸ÀÇ º¹»ç ±ÕÇü(radiative balance)¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä£´Ù. ¹Ì½Ã ¹× °Å½ÃÀû ±¸¸§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë±â ¿¡¾î·ÎÁ¹ÀÇ È¿°ú ¶§¹®¿¡, »ê¾÷ Çõ¸í ÀÌÀüºÎÅÍ ÇöÀç±îÁö ¿¡¾î·ÎÁ¹ º¹»ç °­Á¦·Â(aerosol radiative forcing)Àº ±âÈÄ º¯È­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ÜºÎ ¿µÇâ Áß °¡Àå Å« ºÒÈ®½Ç¼ºÀ» ³»ÀçÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¸ðµç ±¸¸§ÀÇ ÇüÅ Áß ³·Àº ¼öÁØ ÇØ¾ç ±¸¸§(low-level marine clouds)Àº Áö±¸ÀÇ ¾Ëº£µµ¿¡ °¡Àå Å« ¿µÇâÀ» Çà»çÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, Àü ¼¼°è Çؾç Ãþ¿îÇü ±¸¸§(stratiform clouds)ÀÇ ¾Ëº£µµ°¡ 6% Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¾Ëº£µµ Áõ°¡´Â ´ë±â Áß ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò°¡ 2¹è·Î Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â °á°ú·Î ¾ò¾îÁö´Â ¿Â³­È­¸¦ »ó¼âÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇؾçÀÇ ¿Â³­ÇÑ ±¸¸§ Ư¼ºÀº ¿¡¾î·ÎÁ¹ ¼öÁØ, ´ë±Ô¸ð ¿ªÇÐ ¶Ç´Â ¿­¿ªÇÐ »óÅ µî¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿©°ÜÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù.

¿¬±¸ÁøÀº °¢°¢ÀÇ È¿°ú°¡ À¯»çÇÑ Å©±â¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» È®ÀÎÇß´Ù. ±¸¸§ÀÇ ¾çÀÇ º¯È­¿Í ±¸¸§ÀÇ ³»ºÎ Ư¼º º¯È­°¡ ¸ðµÎ Áö±¸¸¦ ³Ã°¢½ÃÅ°´Â µ¥ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô Áß¿äÇÑ ±â¿©¸¦ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº È®ÀÎÇß´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡ ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ À¯ÇüÀÇ ±¸¸§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¡¾î·ÎÁ¹ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ÀüüÀû ¿µÇâÀÌ À¯¿£(UN; United Nations)ÀÇ ±âÈÄ º¯È­¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¤ºÎ °£ ÇùÀÇü(IPCC; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)°¡ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ ÃֽŠº¸°í¿¡¼­ ÃßÁ¤ÇÑ °Íº¸´Ù °ÅÀÇ 2¹è ÀÌ»ó Å©´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» È®ÀÎÇß´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °á°ú´Â ¿Â³­ÇÑ ±¸¸§ °øÁ¤ÀÌ º¯È­ÇÏ´Â ¿¡¾î·ÎÁ¹ ¼öÁØ°ú ÇÔ²² ±âÈÄ ¸ðµ¨¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ÅëÇÕµÉ ¼ö Àִ°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ÁöħÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù°í Caltech È­ÇаøÇаú ±³¼öÀÎ John Seinfeld´Â ¹àÇû´Ù.

¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ´ë·ù±Ç ¾ÈÁ¤¼º(tropospheric stability)°ú ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î ´ë·ù±Ç¿¡¼­ ½Àµµ µîÀÇ ¿­¿ªÇÐÀû Á¶°Ç°ú °­¿ì »óÅ°¡ ¿¡¾î·ÎÁ¹-±¸¸§ º¹»ç °­Á¦·ÂÀÇ °­µµ¿Í ¿¡¾î·ÎÁ¹ Á¸Àç¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ´Â ±¸¸§ ¾×ü ¹°À» Á¦¾îÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ÇÔ²² ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» È®ÀÎÇß´Ù.

³ª»ç´Â ÀΰøÀ§¼º, ´ë±â ¹× Áö»ó ±â¹ÝÀÇ °üÃø Ä·ÆäÀÎ µîÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Åä¾ç, °ø±â ¹× ¿ìÁÖ µîÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Áö±¸ÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ Â¡Èĸ¦ ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µÇÑ´Ù. NASA´Â ¿ì¸® Áö±¸°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô º¯È­ÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© º¸´Ù ´õ Àß Á¶¸íÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© Àü»ê ºÐ¼®°ú Àå±âÀûÀÎ ÀÚ·á ±â·ÏÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Áö±¸ÀÇ »óÈ£ ¿¬°áµÈ ÀÚ¿¬Àû ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» °üÃøÇÏ°í ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â »õ·Î¿î ¹æ¹ýÀ» °³¹ßÇß´Ù. Á¤ºÎ ´Üü´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ Áö½ÄÀ» Àü ¼¼°è ´Üü¿Í °øÀ¯ÇÏ°í, Áö±¸¸¦ º¸È£ÇÏ°í ÀÌÇØÇϴµ¥ ±â¿©ÇÏ´Â ¹Ì±¹°ú Àü ¼¼°è¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ ±â°üµé°ú ÇÔ²² ¿¬±¸ÇÑ´Ù.

Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ Á¤º¸´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ À¥»çÀÌÆ®¿¡¼­ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.http://www.caltech.edu/content/study-aerosols-stands-improve-climate-models

2014³â ³ª»çÀÇ Áö±¸ °úÇÐ È°µ¿¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ À¥»çÀÌÆ®¿¡¼­ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.http://www.nasa.gov/earthrightnow

±×¸²1> NOAA/NASA GOES(Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite)-15 ÀΰøÀ§¼ºÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾òÀº Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ Çغ¯À» µû¶ó È®ÀÎµÈ ³·Àº ¼öÁØ ±¸¸§(2014³â 7¿ù 26ÀÏ). »õ·Î¿î NASA/Caltech ¿¬±¸´Â ¿¡¾î·ÎÁ¹ ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­ º¯È­°¡ Áö±¸¸¦ ³Ã°¢½ÃÅ°´Âµ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÖ´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÇÙ½ÉÀûÀÎ À¯ÇüÀÇ ±¸¸§¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä¡´ÂÁö¸¦ Á¶»çÇß´Ù.

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[¿ø¹®º¸±â]

Study of aerosols stands to improve climate modele

Of all the factors that influence Earth's changing climate, the effect that tiny particles in Earth's atmosphere called aerosols have on clouds is the least well understood. Aerosols scatter and absorb incoming sunlight and affect the formation and properties of clouds. Among all cloud types, low-level clouds over the ocean, which cover about one-third of the ocean's surface, have the biggest impact on the albedo, or reflectivity, of Earth's surface, reflecting solar energy back to space and cooling our planet.

Now a new, comprehensive global analysis of satellite data led by Yi-Chun Chen, a postdoctoral fellow at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, and a joint team of researchers from JPL and the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, has quantified how changes in aerosol levels affect these warm clouds over the ocean. The findings appeared Aug. 3 in the advance online version of the journal Nature Geoscience.

Changes in aerosol levels have two main effects -- they alter the amount of clouds in the atmosphere and change their properties. Water vapor condenses on aerosol particles into cloud droplets or cloud ice particles, so higher levels of aerosols mean more clouds. With regard to cloud properties, increased aerosol levels can either increase or decrease the amount of liquid water in clouds, depending on whether the clouds are raining or not, the stability of the atmosphere and humidity levels in the upper troposphere. The team analyzed 7.3 million individual data points from multiple satellites in the international constellation of Earth observing satellites known as the Afternoon Constellation, or A-Train, from August 2006 to April 2011 to provide the first real estimate of both effects.

The researchers found each effect to be of similar magnitude -- that is, changing the amount of the clouds and changing their internal properties are both equally important in their contribution to cooling our planet. Moreover, they found that the total impact from the influence of aerosols on this type of cloud is almost double that estimated in the latest report of the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

"These results offer unique guidance on how warm cloud processes should be incorporated in climate models with changing aerosol levels," said John Seinfeld, the Louis E. Nohl professor and professor of chemical engineering at Caltech.

The study is funded by NASA and the Office of Naval Research.

NASA monitors Earth's vital signs from land, air and space with a fleet of satellites and ambitious airborne and ground-based observation campaigns. NASA develops new ways to observe and study Earth's interconnected natural systems with long-term data records and computer analysis tools to better see how our planet is changing. The agency shares this unique knowledge with the global community and works with institutions in the United States and around the world that contribute to understanding and protecting our home planet.

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