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ÀϺ» OIST(Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University) »êÇÏ ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ µðÀÚÀÎ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â ¿¬±¸ÁøÀÌ ¿À½ºÆ®¸®¾Æ ·¹¿Àº¥ Àç·á ¿¬±¸¼Ò(Materials Center Leoben Austria) ¼Ò¼ÓÀÇ ¿¬±¸Áø°ú ¿À½ºÆ®¸®¾Æ ÀüÀÚÇö¹Ì°æ°ú ³ª³ëºÐ¼® ¿¬±¸¼Ò(Austrian Centre for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis) ¼Ò¼ÓÀÇ ¿¬±¸Áø°ú °øµ¿À¸·Î ¼öÇàÇÑ ¿¬±¸´Â ³ª³ë±Ô¸ð¿¡¼­ ¼¾¼­¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿À¿°¼º ¹è±â°¡½º(polluting emissions)¸¦ °ËÃâÇÏ´Â ¹æ¾ÈÀ» °³¼±ÇÏ´Â È¿À²ÀûÀÎ ¹æ¾ÈÀ» °³¹ßÇß´Ù. °ü·Ã ³í¹®Àº ¡°½ÀÇÑ ´ë±â¿¡¼­ ÀÏ»êȭź¼Ò¸¦ °¨ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© Å©±â ¼±ÅÃÀûÀÎ Æȶóµã ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ·Î Àå½ÄµÈ ´ÜÀÏ CuO ³ª³ë¿ÍÀ̾î(Single CuO nanowires decorated with size-selected Pd nanoparticles for CO sensing in humid atmosphere)¡±¶ó´Â Á¦¸ñÀ¸·Î Nanotechnology Àú³Î¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÆ´Ù.

¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ »ê¾÷¿ë ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀÎ ÀÏ»êȭź¼Ò(carbon monoxide)¸¦ °ËÃâÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© Æȶóµã ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ(palladium nanoparticles)·Î Àå½ÄµÈ »êÈ­µ¿ ³ª³ë¿ÍÀ̾î(copper oxide nanowire, CuO nanowire)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. ¼¾¼­´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î °³¹ßµÉ ¹Ì·¡ ÀåÄ¡°¡ ¿î¿µµÉ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Â Á¶°ÇÀÎ ´ë±â Á¶°Ç°ú À¯»çÇÑ Á¶°Ç¿¡¼­ Å×½ºÆ®µÆ´Ù.

»êÈ­µ¿(copper oxide)Àº ¹ÝµµÃ¼·Î °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ÃʼÒÇü ÀüÀÚ°øÇÐ »ê¾÷¿¡¼­ »êÈ­µ¿À» Àû¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇÑ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÀÀ¿ëÀ» ã±â À§ÇÏ¿© Á¦ÀÛµÈ ³ª³ë¿ÍÀ̾ »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±âü °¨Áö ÀÀ¿ë¿¡¼­, »êÈ­µ¿Àº ´Ù¸¥ ±Ý¼Ó»êÈ­¹° Àç·á¿Í ºñ±³ÇßÀ» ¶§ ´ú ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô Á¶»çµÆ´Ù.

¹ÝµµÃ¼´Â ¼Ò·®ÀÇ ¿ÜºÎ ¿øÀÚ°¡ ³ôÀº ¿Âµµ¿¡¼­ ÀÚüÀûÀΠǥ¸é¿¡ ºÎÂøµÇµµ·Ï ¸¸µé ¶§ ¹ÝµµÃ¼ÀÇ Àü±âÀû Ư¼º¿¡ ºñ¾àÀûÀÎ º¯È­¸¦ °æÇèÇϵµ·Ï Á¦ÀÛµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µ¿ ¿¬±¸ »ç·Ê¿¡¼­, »êÈ­µ¿ ³ª³ë¿ÍÀ̾î´Â Àü±â ȸ·ÎÀÇ ÀϺηΠ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ±âü Á¸Àç ÇÏ¿¡¼­ °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ò¾îÁø ȸ·ÎÀÇ Àü±â ÀúÇ׿¡¼­ÀÇ º¯È­¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ÀÏ»êȭź¼Ò¸¦ °£Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î °ËÃâÇß´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº Æȶóµã ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ·Î Àå½ÄµÈ »êÈ­µ¿ ³ª³ë¿ÍÀ̾ ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ°¡ ¾ø´Â µ¿ÀÏÇÑ À¯ÇüÀÇ ³ª³ë¿ÍÀ̾´Ù ÀÏ»êȭź¼Ò Á¸Àç ÇÏ¿¡¼­ Àü±â ÀúÇ×ÀÌ ÈξÀ ´õ Å©°Ô Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» È®ÀÎÇß´Ù.

½ÀÇÑ ´ë±â¿¡¼­ Æȶóµã ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ·Î Àå½ÄµÈ ÀåÄ¡»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀÏ»êȭź¼Ò °ËÃâ Ư¼ºÀ» ºñ±³ÇÏ°í, ´ÜÀÏ CuO ³ª³ë¿ÍÀ̾ ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â Àüµµ¼º ÃøÁ¤ÀÇ ±âü ¼¾¼­¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© º¸°íÇß´Ù. Ŭ·¯½ºÅÍ Å©±â ¼±ÅÃÀ» À§ÇÑ 4±ØÇü Áú·® ÇÊÅÍ(quadrupole mass filter)¿Í °áÇÕµÈ ¸¶±×³×Æ®·Ð ½ºÆÛÅÍ(magnetron sputter) ºÒÈ°¼º ±âü °áÇÕÀº ºÎµå·¯¿î Âø·ú üÀç¿¡¼­ ´ÜÀÏ ´Ü°è Æȶóµã ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ ÁõÂøÀ» »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. ºÒ±ÕÀÏÇÏ°Ô ºÐ»êµÆÀ» ¶§, °áÁ¤¼º Æȶóµã ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ¿Í Å©±â ¼±ÅÃÀûÀÎ Á÷°æ ¾à 5nm°¡ 4°³ÀÇ ÁöÁ¡ ¹èÄ¡¿¡¼­ ´ÜÀÏ »êÈ­µ¿ ³ª³ë¿ÍÀ̾î ÀåÄ¡ À§¿¡ ÁõÂøµÆ´Ù. ½ÀÇÑ Àΰø °ø±â¿¡¼­ ±âü °ËÃâ ½ÇÇèÀÌ ÁøÇàµÇ´Â µ¿¾È Æȶóµã ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ·Î Àå½ÄµÈ CuO ³ª³ë¿ÍÀ̾ ´ëÇÑ ÀÏ»êȭź¼Ò ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ »ó´çÈ÷ °­È­µÆ´Ù.

»õ·Ó°Ô Á¦¾ÈµÈ OIST ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ´Â ¸ÕÀú Å©±â¿¡ µû¶ó ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ¸¦ °É·¯³»°í, ÀÌÈÄ ±ÕÀÏÇÏ°Ô ºÐÆ÷µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ³ª³ë¿ÍÀ̾î Ç¥¸é À§¿¡ Æȶóµã ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ¸¦ Àü´Þ ¹× ÁõÂøÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØÁÖ´Â Á¤±³ÇÑ ±â¼úÀ» »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Å©±âÀÇ ±ÕµîÇÑ ºÐ»êÀº ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°í °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ò¾îÁö´Â ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ-³ª³ë¿ÍÀÌ¾î »óÈ£ ÀÛ¿ëÀº °­È­µÈ Àü±âÀû ¹ÝÀÀÀ» ¾ò´Âµ¥ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. OIST ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ ÁõÂø ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ³ª³ë¿ÍÀ̾ À§Ä¡ÇØ ÀÖ´Â ¿þÀÌÆÛÀÇ ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ Áö¿ªÀ» ºÐ¸®ÇÏ´Â µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¿©·¯ À¯ÇüÀÇ ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ¸¦ ÁõÂøÇϵµ·Ï ¸ÂÃã Á¦ÀÛµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çؼ­, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ¿©·¯ Á¾·ùÀÇ ±âü¸¦ °ËÃâÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï °øÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦¾îµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ´Ü°è´Â °¢ ÀåÄ¡°¡ ´Ù¸¥ À¯ÇüÀÇ ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¼¾¼­ ÀåÄ¡¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© µ¿½Ã¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ±âü¸¦ °ËÃâÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Å©±â°¡ Å©°í ÃʼÒÇüÈ­¸¦ ±¸ÇöÇϱ⠾î·Á¿î ±âü °ËÃâ¿¡ Á¶»çµÆ´ø ´Ù¸¥ ¼±Åà »çÇ×°ú ºñ±³ÇßÀ» ¶§, ³ª³ë¿ÍÀÌ¾î °¡½º ¼¾¼­´Â ´õ Àú·ÅÇÏ°í ´ë·® Á¦Á¶°¡ ¿ëÀÌÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ±â´ëµÈ´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ ¼¾¼­¸¦ ¿î¿µÇÏ´Â µ¥ À־ ÁÖ¿ä ¿¡³ÊÁö ºñ¿ëÀº ƯÁ¤ Àü±âÀû ¹ÝÀÀÀ» È®º¸Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© È­ÇÐ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» ÃËÁøÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °í¿ÂÀÌ µÉ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â 350 ¡É°¡ »ç¿ëµÆ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´Ù¸¥ ³ª³ë¿ÍÀ̾î-³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ Àç·á ¹èÄ¡°¡ ÇöÀç ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ ¿î¿µ ¿Âµµ¸¦ ´õ ³·Ãß±â À§ÇÏ¿© Á¶»çµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

JSPS(Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) ¼Ò¼ÓÀÇ ¹Ú»ç ÈÄ ¿¬±¸¿øÀÎ Stephan Steinhauer´Â ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ°¡ Àå½ÄµÈ ³ª³ë¿ÍÀ̾ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ À¯ÇüÀÇ ±â¼úÀ» »ê¾÷¿ë ÀåÄ¡¿¡ °áÇÕÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡´É¼º ¶§¹®¿¡, ½Ç¿ëÀûÀÎ ÀÀ¿ë¿¡ Å« °¡´É¼ºÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹àÇû´Ù.

±×¸²1> ±ÕÀÏÇÏ°Ô ºÐÆ÷µÈ Àüü ¿þÀÌÆÛ À§¿¡ ÁõÂøµÈ Æȶóµã ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ.
 
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Nanotechnology improves methods for detecting polluting emissions

Pollutants emitted by factories and car exhausts affect humans who breathe in these harmful gases and also aggravate climate change up in the atmosphere. Being able to detect such emissions is a critically needed measure. 

New research by the Nanoparticles by Design Unit at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), in collaboration with the Materials Center Leoben Austria and the Austrian Centre for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis has developed an efficient way to improve methods for detecting polluting emissions using a sensor at the nanoscale. The paper was published in Nanotechnology.

The researchers used a copper oxide nanowire decorated with palladium nanoparticles to detect carbon monoxide, a common industrial pollutant. The sensor was tested in conditions similar to ambient air since future devices developed from this method will need to operate in these conditions. 

Copper oxide is a semiconductor and scientists use nanowires fabricated from it to search for potential application in the microelectronics industry. But in gas sensing applications, copper oxide was much less widely investigated compared to other metal oxide materials. 

A semiconductor can be made to experience dramatic changes in its electrical properties when a small amount of foreign atoms are made to attach to its surface at high temperatures. In this case, the copper oxide nanowire was made part of an electric circuit. The researchers detected carbon monoxide indirectly, by measuring the change in the resulting circuit¡¯s electrical resistance in presence of the gas. They found that copper oxide nanowires decorated with palladium nanoparticles show a significantly greater increase in electrical resistance in the presence of carbon monoxide than the same type of nanowires without the nanoparticles. 

The OIST Nanoparticles by Design Unit used a sophisticated technique that allowed them to first sift nanoparticles according to size, then deliver and deposit the palladium nanoparticles onto the surface of the nanowires in an evenly distributed manner. This even dispersion of size selected nanoparticles and the resulting nanoparticles-nanowire interactions are crucial to get an enhanced electrical response. The OIST nanoparticle deposition system can be tailored to deposit multiple types of nanoparticles at the same time, segregated on distinct areas of the wafer where the nanowire sits. In other words, this system can be engineered to be able to detect multiple kinds of gases. The next step is to detect different gases at the same time by using multiple sensor devices, with each device utilizing a different type of nanoparticle. 

Compared to other options being explored in gas sensing which are bulky and difficult to miniaturize, nanowire gas sensors will be cheaper and potentially easier to mass produce. 

The main energy cost in operating this kind of a sensor will be the high temperatures necessary to facilitate the chemical reactions for ensuring certain electrical response. In this study 350 degree centigrade was used. However, different nanowire-nanoparticle material configurations are currently being investigated in order to lower the operating temperature of this system. 

"I think nanoparticle-decorated nanowires have a huge potential for practical applications as it is possible to incorporate this type of technology into industrial devices,¡± said Stephan Steinhauer, a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) postdoctoral research fellow working under the supervision of Prof. Mukhles Sowwan at the OIST Nanoparticles by Design Unit. 
 
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