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À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2015.06.24 Á¶È¸¼ö 144
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Çɶõµå ±¹¸³ÀÚ¿ø¿¬±¸¼Ò(Natural Resources Institute Finland)°¡ °³¹ßÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ¸Þź ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¹ÝÀÀ±â(Methane Bioreactor)´Â ģȯ°æÀûÀÎ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ½ÃÀå¿¡ µµÀÔÇϴµ¥ Å« ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ±â´ëµÈ´Ù. ¹ÝÀÀ±â´Â Àç»ý°¡´É ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ÀúÀåÇÏ¿´´Ù°¡ È¿À²ÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÇÕ¼º ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¸Þź(Synthetic Biomethane)À» »ý»êÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ±â¼úÀº ÇâÈÄ Åº¼Ò Á߸³ »çȸ¸¦ ±¸ÇöÇϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÙ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ.

±¹¸³ÀÚ¿ø¿¬±¸¼ÒÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿øÀÎ Anni Alitalo¿Í Marko Niskanen´Â ž翡³ÊÁö, dz·Â¿¡³ÊÁö ¹× ¼ö·Â¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ÀúÀåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ »ý»êÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸Þź ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¹ÝÀÀ±â¸¦ °³¹ßÇϴµ¥ ¼º°øÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ¹ÝÀÀ±â´Â ¾Ð·ÂÀ» °¡ÇÏ¿© ¸ñ °¡½º(Wood Gas)¸¦ ¸Å¿ì ¼ø¼öÇÑ ¸ÞźÀ¸·Î º¯È¯ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ´Â ¼ö¼Û¿ë ¿¬·á¿¡ ¹Ù·Î È°¿ëÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¹Ì·¡¿¡´Â °¢Á¾ »ê¾÷¿¡¼­ ¹èÃâµÇ´Â ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¸ÞźÀ» »ý»êÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡µµ È°¿ëµÉ Àü¸ÁÀÌ´Ù. Anni Alitalo´Â "°¡µ¿ ¹Ù¿ëÀÌ ³·Àº ÀÌ ´Ü¼øÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀ±â´Â ź¼Ò Á߸³ ¿¬·á »çÀÌŬÀ» Çö½ÇÈ­ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö ¼öÀÔ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÇÁ¸µµ¸¦ ÁÙÀÌ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â À¯·´¿¬ÇÕ(European Union)ÀÇ ³ë·Â°ú °°Àº ¼±»ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù"°í ¹àÇû´Ù.

À̹ø °³¹ß ÀÛ¾÷¿¡´Â ¸î °¡Áö Çõ½ÅÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, À̸¦ ³»¿ëÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ Æ¯Ç㸦 Ãâ¿øÇÏ¿´´Ù. À̹ø °³¹ß¿¡ ÀÖ¾î Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ¿´´ø Erkki Aura ±³¼ö´Â Çɶõµå ÁøÈë¿¡¼­ ¾ò¾îÁö´Â ¹Ì»ý¹° Áý´ÜÀ» °­È­Çϴ ù ¹ø° ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¹ÝÀÀ±â¸¦ Á¦ÀÛÇÑ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸Þź ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¹ÝÀÀ±â´Â ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò¿Í ¼ö¼Ò·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹°°ú ¸ÞźÀ» »ý»êÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Alitalo¿Í Niskanen´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀ±â¿¡ Ãß°¡ ±â¼úÀ» Àû¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. À̵éÀº ¹ÝÀÀ±â ±â´ÉÀ» °³¼±Çϸ鼭 ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¼Ò½º °¡½º(Source Gas)¸¦ Å×½ºÆ®ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿¬±¸Áø¿¡ µû¸£¸é »ý¹°ÇÐÀû ¸Þź »ý»êÀº ¼Ò±Ô¸ð ¼³ºñ¿Í °°ÀÌ ºÐ»êÈ­µÈ ¿¡³ÊÁö »ý»ê ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ °¡Àå ÃÖÀûÀÌ¸ç °øÁ¤ È¿À²µµ ¿ì¼öÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ¼ö¼Ò ¿¬¼Ò¿¡ µû¶ó °øÁ¤¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¿­¼Õ½ÇÀº ÃÖ´ë 20% ¼öÁØÀ̾ú´Ù.

¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ¼ø¼öÇÑ ¼Ò½º°¡½º ´ë½Å¿¡ ¼ö¼Ò, ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò ¹× ÀÏ»êȭź¼Ò¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ñ °¡½º¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´´Ù. À̵éÀº ¸ÞŸ³ë°Õ(Methanogens)À̶ó°í ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¹Ì»ý¹°À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¸ñ °¡½º¿¡¼­ ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò¸¦ »ý»êÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, À̸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¸ÞźÀ¸·Î º¯È¯ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Alitalo´Â "¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ñ °¡½ºÀÇ ¸ðµç ±¸¼º¿ä¼Ò¸¦ ¸ÞźÀ¸·Î º¯È¯ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¸Þź°¡½º´Â ¸ñ °¡½º ´ëºñ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ºÐ¾ß¿¡ È°¿ëÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù"°í ¼³¸íÇÏ¿´´Ù.

ÀÌÁ¦ ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ±â¼ú »ó¾÷È­¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÆÄÆ®³Ê¸¦ ¸ð»öÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Alitalo´Â ÇâÈÄ 2~3³â ³»¿¡ ½ÃÀå¿¡¼­ ù ¹ø° ¹ÝÀÀ±â¸¦ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ¶ó ¿¹»óÇÑ´Ù. À̵éÀÇ ¿ì¼±ÀûÀÎ ¸ñÇ¥´Â ³óÀå ¹× Áö¿ª»çȸ ±Ô¸ðÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö ¼³ºñ¸¦ È®º¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ°í, ±× ÈÄ »ê¾÷¿ë ¹× ±Û·Î¹ú ±Ô¸ð·Î È®ÀåÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº "¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ³óÀå¿¡¼­´Â ¹ÙÀÌ¿À°¡½º¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò¸¦ ´ë±â Áß¿¡ ¹èÃâÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í »õ·Î¿î ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¹ÝÀÀ±â¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸ÞźÀ» »ý»êÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹ÙÀÌ¿À°¡½º°¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò¿¡¼­ ¸ÞźÀ» »ý»êÇÏ´Â °Í"À̶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¸Þź ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¹ÝÀÀ±â´Â °æÁ¦ÀûÀ̸鼭 Çɶõµå ¹× ´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö »ý»ê¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÏ´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº "µ¶ÀÏ¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ ¹ÝÀÀ±â¸¦ ÅëÇØ °úÀ×À¸·Î »ý»êµÇ´Â dz·Â ¹× ž翡³ÊÁö¸¦ ÀúÀåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Çɶõµå¿¡¼­´Â ¸ñÀç ¹× ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¸Å½º ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ È¿À² °³¼±¿¡ È°¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸® ±â¼úÀº ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î ±âÈÄ º¯È­ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ´Ù·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù"°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
 
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New methane bioreactor produces environmentally friendly energy, mitigates climate change

A new methane bioreactor, developed in the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) boosts environmentally friendly energy to the markets. The reactor stores renewable energy and produces synthetic biomethane with good efficiency. The new technology can help in achieving a carbon-neutral society.

Scientists Anni Alitalo and Marko Niskanen at the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) have succeeded in developing a methane bioreactor which produces energy as well as store solar and wind energy and water power. Moreover, the reactor can convert wood gas (synthesis gas) into very pure methane, which, after pressurization, is readily available for transportation fuel.

In the future, the technology can also be used to recycle industrial carbon dioxide emissions to methane production.

"This simple reactor with affordable running expenses will turn carbon neutral fuel cycle into reality. It is also in line with the European Union efforts to reduce the dependency on imported energy," says scientist Anni Alitalo.

Patent pending for two innovations

The developmental work has produced several innovations, of which Luke has filed two patent applications. Professor Erkki Aura, the father of the invention, created the first version of the bioreactor enriching the appropriate microbial population from Finnish mire. This methane bioreactor produced methane and water out of carbon dioxide and hydrogen.

Alitalo and Niskanen further developed the technology; they improved the functioning of the reactor and tested different source gases.

According to the scientists, biological methane production is best suited to decentralized energy production systems, small-scale plants. The efficiency of the process is good. In the process, the loss of heat of combustion of hydrogen has been 20 percent tops.

The scientists found out that instead of pure source gases, hydrogen and carbon dioxide, also wood gas (synthesis gas) containing carbon monoxide can be used. They noticed that the microbes known as methanogens can produce carbon dioxide out of wood gas and further convert it into methane.

"We managed to convert all the components of wood gas that contain energy into methane, and methane can be used in more versatile ways than wood gas," Alitalo recalls.

Suitable for farms and industry

The scientists are now looking for partners to commercialize the innovation. Alitalo estimates that the first reactors will be in the market after two to three years. The aim is, firstly, to conquer the domestic market in farm and municipal size energy plants, secondly, to proceed to the industrial scale and global export.

"In the biogas plants on farms, for example, our reactor should be used to produce methane out of carbon dioxide that biogas contains -- instead of releasing the gas in the atmosphere," the scientists recommend.

The methane bioreactor is cost efficient and suitable for energy production in Finland and abroad.

"In Germany, the reactor could store the excess of wind and solar energy, in Finland it could be used to improve the efficiency of wood and biomass energy. Our technology truly tackles climate change," scientists say.
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