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[2022] [¹Ì±¹] GWI, ¡®2022³â ¼¼°è ¼öµµ¿ä±Ý Á¶»ç¡¯ ³»¿ë ¹ßÇ¥
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¡ºGWi MAGAZINE¡» 9¿ùÈ£¿¡ °ÔÀç


¼¼°è ÃÖ°í ±ÇÀ§ÀÇ ¹°»ê¾÷ Á¶»ç±â°üÀÎ GWI(Global Water Intelligence)´Â Àڻ簡 ¹ß°£ÇÏ´Â ÀâÁöÀÎ ¡ºGWi MAGAZINE¡» 9¿ùÈ£¿¡ Àü¼¼°è ¿¬°£ ¼öµµ¿ä±ÝÀ» ¼³¹®Á¶»çÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÎ ¡®2022³â ¼¼°è ¼öµµ¿ä±Ý Á¶»ç(Global Water Tariff Survey 2022)¡¯¸¦ °ÔÀçÇß´Ù. 


GWI°¡ Á¶»ç ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ¡®2022³â ¼¼°è ¼öµµ¿ä±Ý Á¶»ç(Global Water Tariff Survey 2022)¡¯¿¡´Â186°³±¹ 569°³ µµ½Ã¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼öµµ¿ä±Ý, ÇÏ¡¤Æó¼ö ¹× ºø¹° ¿ä±Ý µîÀ» ¼³¹®Á¶»ç¸¦ ÅëÇØ Àü ¼¼°è ¹°°ª¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æ÷°ýÀûÀÎ ÀÌÇظ¦ °³¹ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î Àü ¼¼°è ¹° ºÎ¹®¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô Áß¿äÇÑ ÀÚ¿øÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.


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ƯÈ÷, À§ÇèÀ» °í·ÁÇϱâ À§ÇØ Àü ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ßÀüÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¹° ºÎ¹® µ¿ÇâÀÌ ¹°°ª ±¸Á¶¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¼öµµ¿ä±ÝÀ» ÅëÇÑ ºñ¿ë ȸ¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÁøÁöÇÑ ±¹°¡¿Í µµ½Ã°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.


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µÑ°, µ¿ÀûÀÌ°í »ç¿ëÀÚ Á¤ÀÇ °¡´ÉÇÑ Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ Ž»öÇÏ°í ½Ã°¢È­ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »õ·Î¿î ÃÖ÷´Ü ¿Â¶óÀÎ Ç÷§ÆûÀÌ´Ù.


¼Â°, 2011¡­2022³âÀ» Æ÷°ýÇÏ´Â µµ½Ã ¹°°ªÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â Àüü µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¿Í ÇÔ²² ¼öµµ»ç¾÷ÀÚ¿¡°Ô Áß¿äÇÑ ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¹°°ª, ±¸Á¶ ¹× ºñ¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬°£ º¯°æµÈ ³»¿ªÀÌ ¼­¼úµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.


¼öµµ¿ä±Ý, µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ½Ã°¢È­ ¹× ¿¬µµº° °¡°Ý ºñ±³¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ºÐ¼®°ú ÇÔ²² µµ½Ã ¼öµµ¿ä±Ý ¹× ÇÏ¡¤Æó¼öÀÇ °¡Ä¡ Ãß¼¼¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Û·Î¹ú ¹× Áö¿ªÀ» ºÐ¼®Çß´Ù.


¼¼°è ÃÖ°í ±ÇÀ§ÀÇ ¹°»ê¾÷ Á¶»ç±â°üÀÎ GWI(Global Water Intelligence)´Â Àڻ簡 ¹ß°£ÇÏ´Â ÀâÁöÀÎ ¡ºGWi MAGAZINE¡» 9¿ùÈ£¿¡ Àü¼¼°è ¿¬°£ ¼öµµ¿ä±ÝÀ» ¼³¹®Á¶»çÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÎ ¡®2022³â ¼¼°è ¼öµµ¿ä±Ý Á¶»ç(Global Water Tariff Survey 2022)¡¯¸¦ °ÔÀçÇß´Ù.  [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = GWI]

¼¼°è ÃÖ°í ±ÇÀ§ÀÇ ¹°»ê¾÷ Á¶»ç±â°üÀÎ GWI(Global Water Intelligence)´Â Àڻ簡 ¹ß°£ÇÏ´Â ÀâÁöÀÎ ¡ºGWi MAGAZINE¡» 9¿ùÈ£¿¡ Àü¼¼°è ¿¬°£ ¼öµµ¿ä±ÝÀ» ¼³¹®Á¶»çÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÎ ¡®2022³â ¼¼°è ¼öµµ¿ä±Ý Á¶»ç(Global Water Tariff Survey 2022)¡¯¸¦ °ÔÀçÇß´Ù. [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = GWI]

 

¼öµµ¿ä±Ý ºñ½Ñ µµ½Ã »óÀ§ 10°³ µµ½Ã Áß ¹Ì±¹ÀÌ 9°³ Â÷Áö


ƯÈ÷, GWI ÆÛºí¸®¼Å(publisher)ÀÌÀÚ Ä®·³´Ï½ºÆ®(Columnist)ÀÎ Å©¸®½ºÅäÆÛ °³½¼(Christopher Gasson)Àº ¡®°¡¿ë¼ºÀÌ ¹° °¡°ÝÀ» ¿òÁ÷ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡?(If availability doesn¡¯t drive water prices, what does?)¡¯¶ó´Â Á¦¸ñÀÇ Ä®·³¿¡¼­ ¡°µµ½Ãº° »óÇϼöµµ Á¾ÇÕ¿ä±Ý »óÀ§ 10À§±ÇÀ» »ìÆ캸´Â °ÍÀÌ Èï¹Ì·Î¿ï °Í¡±À̶ó¸é¼­  ÁÖ¿ä 10°³ µµ½ÃÀÇ »óÇϼöµµ ¿ä±ÝÀ» ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ °ø°³Çß´Ù.


- ¹Ì±¹ ½Ã¾ÖƲ(Seattle) = ¼öµµ¿ä±Ý ; §©´ç 11.19´Þ·¯(°­¿ì·® : 150ÀÏ µ¿¾È 940mm ³»·Á)


- ¿þ½ºÆ® º£ÀÌ, ÄÉÀÌ¸Ç Á¦µµ(West Bay, Cayman Is) = ¼öµµ¿ä±Ý ; §©´ç 10.87´Þ·¯(°­¿ì·® : 80ÀÏ µ¿¾È 1,400mm ³»·Á)


- ¹Ì±¹ Æ÷Ʋ·£µå(Portland ; OR) = ¼öµµ¿ä±Ý ; §©´ç 10.04´Þ·¯(°­¿ì·® : 164ÀÏ µ¿¾È 914mm ³»·Á)


- ¹Ì±¹ »÷ÇÁ¶õ½Ã½ºÄÚ(San Francisco)  = ¼öµµ¿ä±Ý ; §©´ç 9.92´Þ·¯(°­¿ì·® : 68ÀÏ µ¿¾È 635mmmm ³»·Á) 


- ¹Ì±¹ ÇÇÃ÷¹ö±×(Pittsburgh) = ¼öµµ¿ä±Ý ; §©´ç 9.85´Þ·¯(°­¿ì·® : 140ÀÏ µ¿¾È  973mmmm ³»·Á)


- µ¶ÀÏ ¿¡¼¾(Essen) = ¼öµµ¿ä±Ý ; §©´ç 9.25´Þ·¯(°­¿ì·® : 110ÀÏ µ¿¾È 920mm ³»·Á)


- ¹Ì±¹ Âû½ºÅÏ(Charleston) = ¼öµµ¿ä±Ý ; §©´ç 8.71´Þ·¯(°­¿ì·® : 149ÀÏ µ¿¾È 1,156mm ³»·Á)


- ¹Ì±¹ ÁÖ³ë(Juneau) = ¼öµµ¿ä±Ý ; §©´ç 8.58´Þ·¯(°­¿ì·® : 222ÀÏ µ¿¾È 1,372mm ³»·Á) 


- ¹Ì±¹ ĵÀÚ½º½ÃƼ(Kansas City) = ¼öµµ¿ä±Ý ; §©´ç 8.29´Þ·¯(°­¿ì·® : 100ÀÏ µ¿¾È 1,067mm ³»·Á) 


- ¹Ì±¹ VI ¼¼ÀÎÆ® Å丶½º = ¼öµµ¿ä±Ý ; §©´ç 8.26´Þ·¯(°­¿ì·® : 163ÀÏ µ¿¾È 1,099mm ³»·Á) µîÀÌ´Ù.


¡ØÂü°í·Î 15§©/¿ùÀÇ ±âÁØ °¡Á¤¿ë »ç¿ë·®À» ±âÁØÀ¸·Î ÇÑ ¼öµµ, ÇÏ¡¤Æó¼ö ¹× ¹è¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÅëÇÕ ¿ä±Ý.


GWI ÆÛºí¸®¼Å(publisher)ÀÌÀÚ Ä®·³´Ï½ºÆ®(Columnist)ÀÎ Å©¸®½ºÅäÆÛ °³½¼(Christopher Gasson)Àº  ¡°¼öµµ¿ä±ÝÀÌ ºñ½Ñ »óÀ§ 10°³ µµ½Ã¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Èï¹Ì·Î¿î Á¡Àº ³ª¿­µÈ µµ½Ã Áß Æ¯È÷ ¹°ºÎÁ·À» ¸¹ÀÌ ¹Þ´Â µµ½Ã°¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¡±À̶ó¸é¼­ ¡°»ç½Ç ±×µé ¸ðµÎÀÇ Æò±Õ °­¿ì·®Àº Æò±Õ Àü ¼¼°è °­¿ì·®º¸´Ù ¸¹´Ù¡±°í °­Á¶Çß´Ù.  [±×¸² Ãâó = GWI]

GWI ÆÛºí¸®¼Å(publisher)ÀÌÀÚ Ä®·³´Ï½ºÆ®(Columnist)ÀÎ Å©¸®½ºÅäÆÛ °³½¼(Christopher Gasson)Àº ¡°¼öµµ¿ä±ÝÀÌ ºñ½Ñ »óÀ§ 10°³ µµ½Ã¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Èï¹Ì·Î¿î Á¡Àº ³ª¿­µÈ µµ½Ã Áß Æ¯È÷ ¹°ºÎÁ·À» ¸¹ÀÌ ¹Þ´Â µµ½Ã°¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¡±À̶ó¸é¼­ ¡°»ç½Ç ±×µé ¸ðµÎÀÇ Æò±Õ °­¿ì·®Àº Æò±Õ Àü ¼¼°è °­¿ì·®º¸´Ù ¸¹´Ù¡±°í °­Á¶Çß´Ù. [±×¸² Ãâó = GWI]

 

¡°¹°ÀÇ ºñ¿ëÀº °ø±Þ°ú ¾Æ¹« °ü·ÃÀÌ ¾ø¾î¡±


Å©¸®½ºÅäÆÛ °³½¼(Christopher Gasson)Àº ¡°°¡Àå ºÐ¸íÇÑ Á¡Àº ¼öµµ¿ä±ÝÀÌ ¹Ì±¹ µµ½Ã¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Áö¹èµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, ÀÌ´Â ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ì±¹ ´Þ·¯ÀÇ °­¼¼·Î ¼³¸íµÇÁö¸¸ Àå±âÀûÀÎ Ãß¼¼¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù¡±°í ¹àÇû´Ù.


2003³â¿¡ óÀ½ ¼³¹®Á¶»ç¸¦ ½Ç½ÃÇßÀ» ¶§ »óÀ§ 10°³ µµ½Ã´Â ¸ðµÎ ºÏÀ¯·´¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. 2012³â¿¡ »óÀ§ 10°³ Áß 5°³´Â À¯·´, 4°³´Â È£ÁÖ, 1°³´Â ¹Ì±¹(È£³î·ê·ç)À̾ú´Ù. ±× ÀÌÈÄ·Î ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ¼öµµ¿ä±ÝÀº À¯·´º¸´Ù ²ÙÁØÈ÷ ºü¸¥ ¼Óµµ·Î Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.


Å©¸®½ºÅäÆÛ °³½¼Àº ƯÈ÷, ¡°¼öµµ¿ä±ÝÀÌ ºñ½Ñ »óÀ§ 10°³ µµ½Ã¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Èï¹Ì·Î¿î Á¡Àº ³ª¿­µÈ µµ½Ã Áß Æ¯È÷ ¹°ºÎÁ·À» ¸¹ÀÌ ¹Þ´Â µµ½Ã°¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¡±À̶ó¸é¼­ ¡°»ç½Ç ±×µé ¸ðµÎÀÇ Æò±Õ °­¿ì·®Àº Æò±Õ Àü ¼¼°è °­¿ì·®º¸´Ù ¸¹´Ù¡±°í °­Á¶Çß´Ù.


ÄÉÀÌ¸Ç Á¦µµ(Cayman Island)ÀÇ ¿þ½ºÆ® º£ÀÌ(West Bay)¿Í ¹Ì±¹·É ¹öÁø ¾ÆÀÏ·£µå( Virgin Island)ÀÇ ¼¼ÀÎÆ® Å丶½º(St. Thomas)´Â ¸ðµÎ ´ã¼öÈ­¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ´Â ÁÖ·Î °­¿ì·®ÀÌ °èÀýÀûÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. 


±×·± Àǹ̿¡¼­ ¹°°ªÀº °ø±Þ°ú ¾Æ¹« °ü·ÃÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ´õ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ¼öµ¾¹°, ÇÏ¡¤Æó¼ö ¹× µµ½Ã ¹è¼ö ¹®Á¦¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °áÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù.


Å©¸®½ºÅäÆÛ °³½¼Àº ¡°µ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ªÀÇ Çؼ®Àº ÀÌ »óÀ§ 10°³ µµ½Ã°¡ ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ¼º´ÉÀÌ ³ôÀº À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼(°ø°ø¼öµµ»ç¾÷ÀÚ)ÀÇ º»°ÅÁöÀÏ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô´Ù´Â °Í¡±À̶ó¸é¼­ ¡°±×µéÀÇ ¸®´õ´Â ÅõÀÚÀÇ Çʿ伺À» È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î Àü´ÞÇÏ°í °í°´Àº µ·ÀÌ Àß ¾²ÀÏ °ÍÀ̶ó°í È®½ÅÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¼öµµ¿ä±ÝÀÌ ³ô´Ù¡±°í µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù.


ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼ÀÇ ÀåÁ¡Àº °í°´ÀÌ ÇâÈÄ ¼öµµ¿ä±Ý ÀÎÇÏ·Î À̾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ±Ù°Å·Î ÇöÀç ¹°°ª¼¼ ÀλóÀ» Áö¿øÇÒ ¸¸Å­ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ½Å·ÚÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


¼º´ÉÀ» À§ÇÑ ÅõÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¢±Ù ¹æ½ÄÀº Áö³­ 19³â µ¿¾È °¡Àå ºñ½Ñ À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼ »óÀ§ 10°³ ¸ñ·ÏÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ º¯°æµÈ ÀÌÀ¯ Áß ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù. È£ÁÖ¿Í ºÏÀ¯·´¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ª»çÀû ÅõÀÚ´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ¿î¿µ ºñ¿ë Àý°¨À̶ó´Â Ãø¸é¿¡¼­ ¹è´ç±ÝÀ» ÁöºÒ(¼öµµ¿ä±Ý ÀÎÇÏ)ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.


Å©¸®½ºÅäÆÛ °³½¼Àº ¡°¼öÄ¡½ÉÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ¸ñ·ÏÀº ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ³·Àº ¹°°ªÀ» û±¸ÇÏ´Â À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼ÀÌ´Ù. À̵éÀº °í°´¿¡°Ô ¼­ºñ½º ºñ¿ëÀ» ÁöºÒÇϵµ·Ï ¼³µæÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¹° °ø±ÞÀÚµéÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¼öÀÍ °¨¼Ò, ºñ¿ë Áõ°¡, ¼­ºñ½º ¼öÁØ °¨¼Ò¶ó´Â ¾Ç¼øȯ¿¡ ºüÁ³´Ù¡±¶ó°í ¿ª¼³Çß´Ù.


ÇÑÆí, ¡®2022³â ¼¼°è ¼öµµ¿ä±Ý Á¶»ç(Global Water Tariff Survey 2022)¡¯Àº GWI °¡ÀÔÀÚ´Â ½ÃÀå Á¤º¸ Ç÷§ÆûÀÎ GWI WaterData¿¡¼­ È£½ºÆõǴ Çâ»óµÈ ±â´ÉÀÌ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ¼³¹®Á¶»çÀÇ ¿Â¶óÀÎ ¹öÀü¿¡ ¾×¼¼½ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °æÇèÀ» »ç¿ëÀÚ Á¤ÀÇÇÏ°í °ü½É ÀÖ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¸ ½Ã°¢È­ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó µµ½Ã¿Í Áö¿ª °£ÀÇ °ü¼¼ °ªÀ» ºñ±³ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


¸ðµç Â÷Æ®´Â Microsoft Office PowerPoint Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ´Ù¿î·ÎµåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÆÀÀ̳ª °í°´°ú °øÀ¯ÇÒ ÇÁ·¹Á¨Å×À̼ÇÀ» ½±°Ô ±¸¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


[¿ø¹®º¸±â]


The Global Water Tariff Survey


 

The Global Water Tariff Survey 2022 was published in September 2022. Featuring water, wastewater & stormwater tariff profiles for 569 cities across 186 countries, the survey allows you to develop a comprehensive understanding of the value of water across the globe.


The Global Water Tariff survey is a crucial tool for any professional active in the water sector. Providing key analysis of urban water, wastewater and stormwater global tariff price structure and changes, the Global Water Tariff Survey provides water sector professionals with the tools to understand tariff changes in their core markets, assess project prospects in specific countries and understand how tariff prices are developing across the globe to factor in risks, what water sector trends are impacting tariff structures and which countries and cities are serious about recovering costs through tariffs.


GWI subscribers will have access to an online version of the survey with enhanced functionality, hosted on our market intelligence platform GWI WaterData. You will be able to customise your experience and visualise only the data you are interested in, as well as compare tariff values between cities and regions. All charts will be downloadable into a Microsoft Office PowerPoint format, allowing you to easily construct presentations to share with your teams or clients.


Featuring : Water, wastewater & stormwater tariff profiles for 569 cities across 186 countries.


A new, cutting-edge online platform to explore and visualise the data in a dynamic and customisable format.


Breakdowns of yearly changes to tariff prices, structures and costs for the countries that matter to you, with the complete database featuring city tariff-profiles covering 2011-2022.


Global and regional analysis of trends in the value of urban water & wastewater, with detailed breakdowns of water bills, data visualisations, and year-by-year price comparisons.


[Ãâó = GWI(https://www.globalwaterintel.com/products-and-services/market-research-reports/tariff-survey) / 2022³â 9¿ù 22ÀÏ]


If availability doesn¡¯t drive water prices, what does?


The world of water through the eyes of GWI publisher Christopher Gasson.


We published our annual water tariff survey in this month¡¯s magazine. It provides a vital resource for anyone working in the global water sector. 


The big story is the way in which utilities in different countries have responded to inflation. For this column, however, I thought it would be interesting to look at the top ten combined water, wastewater and drainage tariffs by city. 


They are as follows :


Seattle, USA ($11.19/m3) - 940mm rainfall in 150 days


West Bay, Cayman Is. ($10.87/m3) - 1,400mm/80 days


Portland (OR), USA ($10.04/m3) - 914mm/164 days


San Francisco, USA ($9.92/m3) - 635mm/68 days


Pittsburgh, USA ($9.85/m3) - 973mm/140 days


Essen, Germany ($9.25/m3) - 920mm/110 days


Charleston (WV), USA ($8.71/m3) - 1,156mm/149 days


Juneau, USA ($8.58/m3) - 1,372mm/222 days


Kansas City, USA ($8.29/m3) - 1,067mm/100 days


St. Thomas, US VI ($8.26/m3) - 1,099mm/163 days


Note: Combined tariff for water, wastewater and drainage based on benchmark household usage of 15m3/month.


The most obvious point is that the list is dominated by US cities. That is partly explained by the strength of the US dollar, but it also reflects a longer-term trend. 


When we first ran the survey in 2003, the top ten cities were all in northern Europe. In 2012, five of the top ten were European, four were Australian, and one was American (Honolulu). 


Since then, US tariffs have been rising at a steadily faster rate than European tariffs (although we have also expanded the survey to include more islands).


I think that the most interesting thing about the top ten is the fact that none of the cities listed is particularly water-stressed. In fact the average rainfall in all of them is more than the average global rainfall.


 West Bay in the Cayman Islands and St. Thomas in the US Virgin Islands both depend on desalination, but that is largely because their rainfall is seasonal. The cost of water in that sense has nothing to do with supply. It is determined by broader water, wastewater and urban drainage challenges.


My interpretation of the data is that these top ten cities are likely to be home to some of the highest-performing utilities in the world. Their tariffs are high because their leaders have been effective at communicating the need to invest, and their customers have confidence that their money will be well spent. 


The beauty of these utilities is that their customers trust them enough to support tariff rises now, on the basis that this may lead to lower tariffs in future. 


This approach to investing for performance is one of the reasons why the list of the top ten most expensive utilities has changed so much over the past 19 years. Historic investments in Australia and Northern Europe are now paying dividends in terms of lower operating costs.


The real list of shame is the utilities with the lowest tariffs in the world. These are the water providers which can¡¯t convince their customers to pay for their services. They are caught in a downward spiral of falling revenues, rising costs, and declining service levels.


[Ãâó = GWI(https://www.globalwaterintel.com/news/2022/40/if-availability-doesn-t-drive-water-prices-what-does) / 2022³â 10¿ù 7ÀÏ]

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