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[2022] [½ºÆäÀÎ] ¡°ÇØÀú¿¡ ÅðÀûµÈ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½, 20³â ¸¸¿¡ 3¹è·Î Áõ°¡¡±
À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2022.12.26 Á¶È¸¼ö 644
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[½ºÆäÀÎ] ¡°ÇØÀú¿¡ ÅðÀûµÈ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½, 20³â ¸¸¿¡ 3¹è·Î Áõ°¡¡±

ºÏ¼­ºÎ ÁöÁßÇؼ­ äÃëÇÑ ÅðÀû¹°ÀÇ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ ¿À¿°µµ¸¦ ÃÖÃÊ·Î °íÇػ󵵷ΠÀ籸¼ºÇÑ °á°ú

½ºÆäÀÎ ¹Ù¸£¼¿·Î³ª´ëÇРȯ°æ°úÇбâ¼ú¿¬±¸¼Ò¿Í ¿Ãº¸¸£´ëÇÐ °ÇÃàȯ°æÇкΠ°øµ¿ Á¶»ç¡¤¿¬±¸


 

½ºÆäÀÎ ¹Ù¸£¼¿·Î³ª´ëÇРȯ°æ°úÇбâ¼ú¿¬±¸¼Ò(ICTA-UAB)¿Í ¿Ãº¸¸£´ëÇÐ °ÇÃàȯ°æÇкÎ(AAU-BUILD)°¡ ¿¬±¸Á¶»ç °á°ú¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ÇØ¾ç ¹Ù´Ú¿¡ ÅðÀûµÈ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÇ ÃÑ·®Àº Áö³­ 20³â µ¿¾È Çöó½ºÆ½ Á¦Ç° ¼Òºñ À¯Çü°ú ¾çÀÇ Áõ°¡·Î ÀÎÇØ 3¹è·Î Áõ°¡°¡ ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = ¹Ù¸£¼¿·Î³ª´ëÇРȯ°æ°úÇбâ¼ú¿¬±¸¼Ò(ICTA-UAB)]

½ºÆäÀÎ ¹Ù¸£¼¿·Î³ª´ëÇРȯ°æ°úÇбâ¼ú¿¬±¸¼Ò(ICTA-UAB)¿Í ¿Ãº¸¸£´ëÇÐ °ÇÃàȯ°æÇкÎ(AAU-BUILD)°¡ ¿¬±¸Á¶»ç °á°ú¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ÇØ¾ç ¹Ù´Ú¿¡ ÅðÀûµÈ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÇ ÃÑ·®Àº Áö³­ 20³â µ¿¾È Çöó½ºÆ½ Á¦Ç° ¼Òºñ À¯Çü°ú ¾çÀÇ Áõ°¡·Î ÀÎÇØ 3¹è·Î Áõ°¡°¡ ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = ¹Ù¸£¼¿·Î³ª´ëÇРȯ°æ°úÇбâ¼ú¿¬±¸¼Ò(ICTA-UAB)]

 

¡ºÈ¯°æ°úÇбâ¼úÁö(ES&T)¡» ÃÖ±ÙÈ£¿¡ ¿¬±¸³í¹® ¹ßÇ¥


ÇØ¾ç ¹Ù´Ú¿¡ ÅðÀûµÈ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½(microplastics)ÀÇ ÃÑ·®Àº Áö³­ 20³â µ¿¾È Çöó½ºÆ½ Á¦Ç° ¼Òºñ À¯Çü°ú ¾ç¿¡ µû¶ó 3¹è·Î Áõ°¡°¡ ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î Á¶»çµÆ´Ù.


ÀÌ´Â ½ºÆäÀÎ ¹Ù¸£¼¿·Î³ª´ëÇРȯ°æ°úÇбâ¼ú¿¬±¸¼Ò(Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona ; ICTA-UAB)¿Í ¿Ãº¸¸£´ëÇÐ °ÇÃàȯ°æÇкÎ(Built Environment of Aalborg University ; AAU-BUILD)°¡ °³¹ßÇÑ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä °á·ÐÀ¸·Î, ÀÌµé ¿¬±¸¼Ò°¡ ºÏ¼­ºÎ ÁöÁßÇØ(northwestern Mediterranean Sea)¿¡¼­ ¾òÀº ÅðÀû¹°·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ ¿À¿°À» ÃÖÃÊ·Î °íÇػ󵵷ΠÀ籸¼ºÇß´Ù.


ÇØÀú°¡ Çؼö¸é¿¡ ¶°ÀÖ´Â ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÇ ÃÖÁ¾ Èí¼ö¿øÀ¸·Î °£Áֵǰí ÀÖÀ½¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í, ÅðÀû¹° ±¸È¹¿¡¼­ ÀÌ ¿À¿°¿øÀÇ ¿ª»çÀû ÁøÈ­, ƯÈ÷ ÇØÀú¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´õ ÀÛÀº ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÇ °Ý¸® ¹× ¸Å¸³ ºñÀ²Àº ¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.


ÃÖ±Ù ¡ºÈ¯°æ°úÇбâ¼úÁö(journal Environmental Science and Technology ; ES&T)¡»¿¡ ½Ç¸° ÀÌ »õ·Î¿î ¿¬±¸´Â ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÌ Çؾç ÅðÀû¹°¿¡¼­ ±×´ë·Î ³²¾Æ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÇØÀú¿¡ °Ý¸®µÈ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ µ¢¾î¸®°¡ 1965³âºÎÅÍ 2016³â±îÁö Àü ¼¼°è Çöó½ºÆ½ »ý»êÀ» ¸ð¹æÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.


ICTA-UAB(¹Ù¸£¼¿·Î³ª´ëÇРȯ°æ°úÇбâ¼ú¿¬±¸¼Ò)ÀÇ ·Î¶ó »çÀ̸Õ-»êü½º(Laura Simon-Sanchez) ¿¬±¸¿øÀº ¡°±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î, ÀÌ °á°ú´Â 2000³â ÀÌÈÄ ÇØÀú¿¡ ÅðÀûµÈ Çöó½ºÆ½ ÀÔÀÚÀÇ ¾çÀÌ 3¹è Áõ°¡Çß°í, °¨¼ÒÇϱâ´ÂÄ¿³ç ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹°ÁúÀÇ »ý»ê°ú ¼¼°èÀûÀÎ »ç¿ë Áõ°¡·Î ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÇ ÃàÀûÀÌ ¸ØÃßÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©Áش١±¶ó°í ¼³¸íÇß´Ù.


¹Ì¼¼ Çöó½ºÆ½Àº ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³²¿¡ µû¶ó Çؾç ħÀü¹° ±¸È¹¿¡ ÃàÀûµÇ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î Á¶»çµÆ´Ù. [Ãâó(Source) = ¡ºÈ¯°æ°úÇбâ¼úÁö(ES&T)¡»

 

¹Ì¼¼ Çöó½ºÆ½Àº ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³²¿¡ µû¶ó Çؾç ħÀü¹° ±¸È¹¿¡ ÃàÀûµÇ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î Á¶»çµÆ´Ù.  [Ãâó(Source) = ¡ºÈ¯°æ°úÇбâ¼úÁö(ES&T)¡»

 

¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº ºÐ¼®µÈ ÅðÀû¹°µéÀÌ ¼ö½Ê ³â Àü ÅðÀûµÈ ÀÌÈÄ ÇØÀú¿¡ º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ³²¾ÆÀÖ´Ù°í ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù. 


ICTA-UABÀÇ ¸¶ÀÌŬ ±×¶ó¿ìµå(Michael Graud) ¿¬±¸¿øÀº ¡°À̸¦ ÅëÇØ 1980³â´ë ÀÌÈÄ, ƯÈ÷ Áö³­ 20³â µ¿¾È ÀÇ·ù Á÷¹°ÀÇ ÇÕ¼º¼¶À¯·ÎºÎÅÍ Æú¸®¿¡½ºÅ׸£»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Æ÷Àå, º´ ¹× ½ÄÇ° Çʸ§À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Æú¸®¿¡Æ¿·»(polyethylene) ¹× Æú¸®ÇÁ·ÎÇÊ·»(polypropylene) ÀÔÀÚÀÇ ÃàÀûÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇßÀ½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù¡±¶ó°í ¼³¸íÇß´Ù.


ÀÌ ¼¼ Á¾·ùÀÇ ÀÔÀÚÀÇ ¾çÀº äÃëÇÑ Ä§Àü¹° kg´ç 1.5mg(¹Ð¸®±×·¥)¿¡ À̸£¸ç, Æú¸®ÇÁ·ÎÇÊ·»ÀÌ °¡Àå ¸¹°í, Æú¸®¿¡Æ¿·», Æú¸®¿¡½ºÅ׸£(polyester)°¡ ±× µÚ¸¦ Àմ´Ù.


¡°ÀÏȸ¿ë Çöó½ºÆ½À» ÁÙ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¡±´Â ÀÎ½Ä ¿îµ¿¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í, ¿¬°£ Çؾç ÅðÀû¹° ±â·ÏÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇϱ⿡´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ ¸Ö¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ¼¼°èÀûÀÎ ¼öÁØÀÇ Á¤Ã¥Àº ÀÌ ½É°¢ÇÑ ¹®Á¦¸¦ °³¼±ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ±â¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


´õ ÀÛÀº ¹Ì¼¼ Çöó½ºÆ½Àº ȯ°æ¿¡ ¸Å¿ì dzºÎÇÏÁö¸¸, ºÐ¼® ¹æ¹ýÀÇ Á¦¾àÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ Çؾç ÅðÀû¹°À» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÑ ÀÌÀü ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ ÀÛÀº ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÇ ¼öÁØ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °­·ÂÇÑ Áõ°Å°¡ Á¦ÇѵǾú´Ù. 


±×·¯³ª À̹ø ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ ±×µéÀº 11§­(¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î¹ÌÅÍ) Å©±âÀÇ ÀÔÀÚ¸¦ Á¤·®È­Çϱâ À§ÇØ ÃÖ÷´Ü À̹Ì¡(imaging)À» Àû¿ëÇÑ °ÍÀÌ Æ¯Â¡ÀÌ´Ù.


¸Å¸³µÈ ÀÔÀÚÀÇ ºÐÇØ »óŸ¦ Á¶»çÇÑ °á°ú, ÀÏ´Ü ÇØÀú¿¡ °¤È÷¸é ħ½ÄÀ̳ª »ê¼Ò, ºûÀÇ ºÎÁ·À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ºÐÇصÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.


(A) »ùÇøµ ½ºÅ×À̼ÇÀÇ Áö¸®Àû À§Ä¡. (B) 1965³âºÎÅÍ 2016³â±îÁö Àü ¼¼°è Çöó½ºÆ½ »ý»ê(yÃà ¿ÞÂÊ)¿¡ ´ëºñÇÏ¿© ÅðÀû¹° ÄÚ¾î(yÃà ¿À¸¥ÂÊ, ´ÜÀ§ MP Áú·® : mg kg-1)¿¡ µî·ÏµÈ ´ë·® ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÇ Ç³ºÎÇÔ. (C) 1965³âºÎÅÍ 2016³â±îÁö dzºÎÇÑ Á¶°¢°ú ¼¶À¯·Î ºÐ·ùµÈ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½(¼ýÀÚ) . [Ãâó(Source) = ¡ºÈ¯°æ°úÇбâ¼úÁö(ES&T)¡»

(A) »ùÇøµ ½ºÅ×À̼ÇÀÇ Áö¸®Àû À§Ä¡. (B) 1965³âºÎÅÍ 2016³â±îÁö Àü ¼¼°è Çöó½ºÆ½ »ý»ê(yÃà ¿ÞÂÊ)¿¡ ´ëºñÇÏ¿© ÅðÀû¹° ÄÚ¾î(yÃà ¿À¸¥ÂÊ, ´ÜÀ§ MP Áú·® : mg kg-1)¿¡ µî·ÏµÈ ´ë·® ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÇ Ç³ºÎÇÔ. (C) 1965³âºÎÅÍ 2016³â±îÁö dzºÎÇÑ Á¶°¢°ú ¼¶À¯·Î ºÐ·ùµÈ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½(¼ýÀÚ) . [Ãâó(Source) = ¡ºÈ¯°æ°úÇбâ¼úÁö(ES&T)¡»

 

ICTA-UABÀÇ Ä«Å»¶õ¿¬±¸¼Ò(ICREA) ÆÄÆ®¸®Ä¡¾Æ Áöº£¸®(Patrizia Ziveri) ±³¼ö´Â ¡°ºÐÈ­ °úÁ¤Àº ´ëºÎºÐ Çغ¯ ÅðÀû¹°, Çؼö¸é ¶Ç´Â ¹°±âµÕ¿¡¼­ ÀϾ´Ù¡±¶ó¸é¼­ ¡°ÀÏ´Ü ÅðÀûµÇ¸é ºÐÇØ°¡ ¹Ì¹ÌÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ 1960³â´ë Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÌ ÇØÀú¿¡ ³²¾Æ Àΰ£ ¿À¿°ÀÇ ÈçÀûÀ» ³²±ä´Ù¡±°í °­Á¶Çß´Ù.


Á¶»çµÈ ÅðÀû¹° Á߽ɺÎ(sediment core)´Â 2019³â 11¿ù ½ºÆäÀΠŸ¶ó°í³ª(arragona)ÀÇ ¹Ù¸£¼¿·Î³ª(Barcelona)¿¡¼­ ¿¡ºê·Î »ï°¢ÁÖ(Ebro Delta) ÇؾÈÀ¸·Î ŽÇèÀ» ¶°³­ ÇؾçÇÐÀû ¼±¹Ú »ç¸£¹Ì¿£Åä µ¥ °¨º¸¾Æ(Sarmiento de Gamboa)¿¡ ž½ÂÇÏ¿© ¼öÁýµÇ¾ú´Ù.


¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº °­ÀÌ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¿©·¯ ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀÇ ÇÖ½ºÆÌ(hotspots)À¸·Î ÀνĵDZ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÁöÁßÇØ ¼­ºÎ, ƯÈ÷ ¿¡ºê·Î »ï°¢ÁÖ¸¦ ¿¬±¸Áö¿ªÀ¸·Î ¼±Á¤Çß´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡, ¿¡ºê·Î °­(Ebro River)¿¡¼­ À¯ÀÔµÈ Ä§Àü¹°Àº ¹Ù´Ù¿¡¼­º¸´Ù ³ôÀº ħÀü ¼Óµµ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³Â´Ù.


[¿ø¹®º¸±â]


Microplastics deposited on the seafloor triple in 20 years


 

The total amount of microplastics deposited on the bottom of oceans has tripled in the past two decades with a progression that corresponds to the type and volume of consumption of plastic products by society.


This is the main conclusion of a study developed by the Institute of Environmental Science and Technology of the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (ICTA-UAB) and the Department of the Built Environment of Aalborg University (AAU-BUILD), which provides the first high-resolution reconstruction of microplastic pollution from sediments obtained in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea.


Despite the seafloor being considered the final sink for microplastics floating on the sea surface, the historical evolution of this pollution source in the sediment compartment, and particularly the sequestration and burial rate of smaller microplastics on the ocean floor, is unknown.


This new study, published in the journal Environmental Science and Technology (ES&T), shows that microplastics are retained unaltered in marine sediments, and that the microplastic mass sequestered in the seafloor mimics the global plastic production from 1965 to 2016. 


"Specifically, the results show that, since 2000, the amount of plastic particles deposited on the seafloor has tripled and that, far from decreasing, the accumulation has not stopped growing mimicking the production and global use of these materials," explains ICTA-UAB researcher Laura Simon-Sanchez.


Researchers explains that the sediments analysed have remained unaltered on the seafloor since they were deposited decades ago.


 "This has allowed us to see how, since the 1980s, but especially in the past two decades, the accumulation of polyethylene and polypropylene particles from packaging, bottles and food films has increased, as well as polyester from synthetic fibres in clothing fabrics," explains Michael Grelaud, ICTA-UAB researcher. 


The amount of these three types of particles reaches 1.5mg per kilogram of sediment collected, with polypropylene being the most abundant, followed by polyethylene and polyester. 


Despite awareness campaigns on the need to reduce single-use plastic, data from annual marine sediment records show that we are still far from achieving this. Policies at the global level in this regard could contribute to improving this serious problem.


Although smaller microplastics are very abundant in the environment, constraints in analytical methods have limited robust evidence on the levels of small microplastics in previous studies targeting marine sediment. In this study they were characterised by applying state-of-the-art imaging to quantify particles down to 11 ¥ìm in size.


The degradation status of the buried particles was investigated, and it was found that, once trapped in the seafloor, they no longer degrade, either due to lack of erosion, oxygen, or light. 


"The process of fragmentation takes place mostly in the beach sediments, on the sea surface or in the water column. Once deposited, degradation is minimal, so plastics from the 1960s remain on the seabed, leaving the signature of human pollution there," says Patrizia Ziveri, ICREA professor at ICTA-UAB.


The investigated sediment core was collected in November 2019, on board the oceanographic vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa, in an expedition that went from Barcelona to the coast of the Ebro Delta, in Tarragona, Spain. 


The research group selected the western Mediterranean Sea as a study area, in particular the Ebro Delta, because rivers are recognized as hotspots for several pollutants, including microplastics. In addition, the influx of sediment from the Ebro River provides higher sedimentation rates than in the open ocean.


Simon-Sanchez, L., Grelaud, M., Lorenz, C., Garcia-Orellana, J., Vianello, A., Liu, F., Vollertsen, J., Ziveri, P. (2022). Can a Sediment Core Reveal the Plastic Age? Microplastic Preservation in a Coastal Sedimentary Record.. ES&T  https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c04264


ICTA-UABs strategic research program, promoted within the framework of the Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2020-2023, granted by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, is structured around 5 interrelated Societal Challenges, focused on Oceans. 


Land. Cities, Consumption and Policies. Investigating these Societal Challenges is critical to envision a transition towards a sustainable Earth.).


[Ãâó = ¹Ù¸£¼¿·Î³ª´ëÇРȯ°æ°úÇбâ¼ú¿¬±¸¼Ò(ICTA-UAB)

(https://www.uab.cat/web/newsroom/news-detail/microplastics-deposited-on-the-seafloor-triple-in-20-years-1345830290613.html?detid=1345877342711) / 2022³â 12¿ù 22ÀÏ]


[³í¹®Ãâó = ȯ°æ°úÇбâ¼úÁö(ES&T)(https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.2c04264)]

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