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[¿µ±¹] ¡°¿ì¸®°¡ ¹°À» ¾öû³ª°Ô ¸¹ÀÌ Ç®¸®´Â°¡?¡±

¹Ì·® ¿À¿°¹°Áú Àü¹®°¡ µðµð¿¡ ³ëÀÌÁ¦·¿



'È­Àå½Ç ´ë ¼öµµ²ÀÁö(Toilet to tap)' ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿ªÈ¿°ú¸¦ ±Øº¹ÇÏ¸é ¹° °ø±Þ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÎ´ãÀ» °ßµô ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ À½¿ë¼ö´Â ¾ó¸¶³ª ±ú²ýÇÒ±î? ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ ¿À¿°¹°Áú Àü¹®°¡ÀÎ µðµð¿¡ ³ëÀÌÀú·¿(Didier Neuzeret) ºäÆ÷ÀÎÆ® Çൿ±â¼ú(ViewPoint Behavior Technology)ÀÇ CEO¿¡°Ô ¾Ë¾Æº»´Ù.


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À¯Çؼ¼±Õ Àü¹®°¡ÀÎ µðµð¿¡ ³ëÀÌÀú·¿(Didier Neuzeret) 

ÇൿÆ÷ÀÎÆ® º¸±â±â¼ú(ViewPoint Behavior Technology)ÀÇ CEO.

 [»çÁøÃâó(»çÁøÃâó) = ºäÆ÷ÀÎÆ®]


2022³â ¿©¸§, ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ¸¹Àº Áö¿ªÀÌ ¼·¾¾ 40µµ(¡É)ÀÌ»ó °üÃøÀ» °æÇèÇß´Ù. ¼öÀÇ ¼öÁ÷ÀÇ ³·Àº ¿ì·®°ú ÇÔ²², °­°ú ÁÂȸÀüÀº ¼öÀ§°¡ ¹Ý»çµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.


¿µ±¹ÀÇ È¯°æûÀåÀÎ Á¦ÀÓ½º º£¹ø(James Bevan) °æÀº ¹°º¸¾È¿¡ ´ëÇØ ³íÀÇÇϸ鼭 ¡®Çϼö󸮿¡¼­ ³ª¿À´Â ¹°À» Àçó¸®Çϴ¡¯ ´Þ°©Áö ¾ÊÀº ÇØ°áÃ¥À» Á¦½ÃÇß´Ù.


Á¦ÀÓ½º º£¹ø(James Bevan) ȯ°æûÀåÀº ¡°¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°í °Ç°­ÇÑ ½Ä¼ö·Î µÇµ¹¸®Áö¸¸ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù¡±¶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.


À¯µ¿ÀÚ»ê(Liquid assets)


Áß°í À½·á(second-hand drink)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ý°¢Àº ±¸¹Ì°¡ ´ç±âÁö ¾ÊÁö¸¸, ¿ì¸® Áö¿ªÀÇ ¹° °ø±ÞÀº ÀÚ¿¬Àû ¶Ç´Â µµ½ÃÀûÀÎ ¹°¼øȯÀÇ ÀϺεç, »ç½Ç Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ÀçÈ°¿ëµÈ´Ù. 󸮿¡´Â ÀÀÁý(flocculation), ¹Ì¼¼ ¹× ÇÑ¿Ü¿©°ú(micro and ultrafiltration), ±×¸®°í ¼Òµ¶(disinfection),  È°¼ºÅº(carbon) ¹× ¿ÀÁ¸(ozone) µîÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.


¹Ì·® ¿À¿°¹°Áú Àü¹®°¡ÀÎ µðµð¿¡ ³ëÀÌÁ¦·¿(Didier Neuzeret)Àº ¡°È¿À²¼ºÀÌ »óȲ¿¡ µû¶ó Å©°Ô ´Þ¶óÁö±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¾î´À °ÍÀÌ ÃÖ°íÀÎÁö ¸»Çϱâ´Â ¾î·Æ´Ù¡±¶ó¸é¼­ ¡°½ÇÁ¦·Î ¹°ÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ÀÚÁÖ ÀçÈ°¿ëµÇ¾ú´ÂÁö, ¶Ç´Â ¾î¶² Ãâó¿¡¼­ ¿À´ÂÁö´Â Áß¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ÀçÈ°¿ë ¹æ¹ý°ú Ç°ÁúÀÌ´Ù. È®½ÇÇÑ °ÍÀº ¹°ÀÌ ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀ» ÃàÀûÇÏ°í Èñ¼®ÇÏ¸é ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀÌ °¨¼ÒÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡±¶ó°í °­Á¶ÇÑ´Ù.


±×·¡¼­ ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ ¹°¼øȯÀÇ ÀϺημ­, ÇÏ¡¤Æó¼ö´Â 󸮵ǰí ÁöÇ¥¼ö·Î ´Ù½Ã ȸ¼öµÇ±â Àü¿¡ °­°ú °°Àº ¼ö¿ªÀ¸·Î ¹æÃâµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ±× ÈÄ¿¡ ´ÙÀ½ ¼öµµ°üÀ» ÅëÇØ °¡Á¤À¸·Î º¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ¼±ÅÃÁö´Â ÁÙ¾îµé°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¡°±âÈĺ¯È­´Â ÀϺΠÁö¿ª, ƯÈ÷ ¿©¸§¿¡ ó¸®Àå¿¡¼­ ¹æÃâµÇ´Â ¹°ÀÌ °­ÀÇ È帧ÀÇ °ÅÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀ» Â÷ÁöÇÏ¿© Æó¼ö¸¦ Èñ¼®½ÃÅ°´Â ´É·ÂÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃŲ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù¡±¶ó°í ³ëÀÌÁ¦·¿(Neuzerret)Àº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.


ÇÏ¡¤Æó¼ö´Â ¶ÇÇÑ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ »ç¿ëÀ» À§ÇØ Ã³¸®µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ³ëÀÌÁ¦·¿¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ¼öó¸®Àå¿¡´Â µÎ °¡Áö À¯ÇüÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ù°, ºñÀ½¿ë¼ö¸¦ »ý»êÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î È°¼º ½½·¯Áö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Àλ꿰°ú Áú»ê¿°°ú °°Àº ¸ÅÅ©·Î ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÑ´Ù.


¡°¸î¸î ¹Ì¼¼ ¿À ¹°ÁúµéÀº ¸ØÃßÁö¸¸, ¸¹Àº °ÍµéÀÌ Åë°úµÇ°í, ÀÚ¿¬È¯°æÀ¸·Î ¹æÃâµÈ´Ù¡±¶ó°í ³ëÀÌÁ¦·¿Àº µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù.


¿¹Ãø °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô, ½Ä¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ã³¸®´Â ´õ ¾ö°ÝÇϸç, ¹Ì¼¼ ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â ¸î °¡Áö °úÁ¤ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Á¾Á¾ ÀáÀçÀûÀÎ ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ¿Í ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¿°¼Ò󸮸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù¸é ¼ö󸮰¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª È¿°úÀûÀ̾ú´ÂÁö ¾î¶»°Ô ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î?

 

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ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ ¹Ì·® ¿À¿°¹°Áú Àü¹®°¡ µðµð¿¡ ³ëÀÌÁ¦·¿(Didier Neuzeret) ºäÆ÷ÀÎÆ® Çൿ±â¼ú(ViewPoint Behavior Technology)ÀÇ CEO´Â ¡°½Ä¼ö´Â ¼öµµ²ÀÁö¿¡ µµ´ÞÇϱâ ÈξÀ Àü¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ÀçÈ°¿ëÀ» Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î °Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù¡±°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

 

¼öÁß °¨½Ãº´(Aquatic sentinels)


³ëÀÌÁ¦·¿(Neuzerret)ÀÇ ¿¬±¸´Â È­ÀåÇ°, ¿ëÁ¦(solvent) ¹× ¼¼Á¦(detergent)¿Í ÇÔ²² »ê¾÷¿¡¼­ ¹æÃâµÇ´Â Á߱ݼÓ, ³ó¾÷¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â »ìÃæÁ¦ ¹× »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼ÒºñÇÏ´Â ÀǾàÇ°ÀÇ ÀÜ·ù¹°À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ÃâóÀÇ ¹Ì¼¼ ¿À¿°¹°Áú¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃß°í ÀÖ´Ù.


³ëÀÌÁ¦·¿Àº¡°¹Ì¼¼ ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀÇ ¼ö°¡ 10¸¸ °³¸¦ ÈξÀ ³Ñ´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ³Î¸® ÀÎÁ¤µÇ°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, ÀÌ ´Ù¾ç¼ºÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ Æò±ÕÀûÀÎ »ùÇÿ¡ ´ëÇØ ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ó¸®À帶´Ù »óȲÀÌ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ´Ù¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¡±¶ó°í ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù.


³ëÀÌÁ¦·¿ÀÌ Á¶Á¤ÇÑ EU ÀÚ±ÝÀ» Áö¿øÇÏ´Â Å彺¸ÞÀÌÆ® ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®(ToxMate project)¿¡¼­´Â ¿À¿°¿¡ ¹Î°¨ÇÑ À¯±âü°¡ ¼öÀμº ¼¾¼­·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀÌ »õ¿ì, °Å¸Ó¸®, ¼ö»ý´ÞÆØÀÌ µî 3Á¾ÀÇ ¼ö»ý ¹«Ã´Ãßµ¿¹°ÀÇ ÇൿÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô º¯È­½ÃÄ×´ÂÁö ¿¬±¸ÇØ ½Ç½Ã°£ ¼öÁú ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ(Protocol)À» ±¸ÃàÇß´Ù.


¹Ì·¡¸¦ ¿¹ÃøÇÏ´Ù(Divining the future)


ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº Çõ½ÅÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¹°ÀÌ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ Àç»ç¿ëµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÀçÈ°¿ëµÇ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸ÀåÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³ëÀÌÁ¦·¿Àº Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â °¥Áõ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ÀáÀçÀûÀÎ ÇØ°áÃ¥À» ÁöÀûÇÑ´Ù.


¡°¿ì¸®´Â ¼öµµ²ÀÁö¿¡¼­ ³ª¿À´Â ¼Ò·®ÀÇ ½Ä¼ö¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÇÁ¶û½º¿¡¼­´Â ¾à 7%°¡ ½Ä¼ö¿Í ¿ä¸®¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¸ç ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â ¿ì¸® ÀÚ½Å, ¿Ê, ¼³°ÅÁö¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù¡±¶ó¸é¼­ ¡°¿ì¸®´Â Áý¿¡¼­ ÀÌ ¡®Çϼö(grey water)¡¯¸¦ ü°èÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÁýÇÏ¿© È­Àå½Ç ¹° ³»¸®±â, ¿Ê ¼¼Å¹ ¶Ç´Â Á¤¿ø °ü°³¿¡ Àç»ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¡±¶ó°í ³ëÀÌÁ¦·¿Àº °­Á¶ÇÑ´Ù.


±×·¸´Ù¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¹° ÇÑ ÀÜÀº Àü¿¡ ¸î ¹øÀ̳ª ¸¶¼Ì³ª¿ä? Áö±¸¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹°ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÇüÅÂ(°¡½º, ¾×ü, °íü)¿Í Àå¼Ò(°­, È£¼ö, ¹Ù´Ù, ÁöÇϼö)·Î ÀÌ¹Ì ¼ö½Ê¾ï ³â µ¿¾È Á¸ÀçÇØ ¿Ô´Ù.


µû¶ó¼­ ½Ä¼ö´Â ¼öµµ²ÀÁö¿¡ µµ´ÞÇϱâ ÈξÀ Àü¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ÀçÈ°¿ëÀ» Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î °Þ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÑ 10³â ÀüÀÇ »ç°í ½ÇÇèÀº Æò±ÕÀûÀÎ ¹°ºÐÀÚÀÇ ¿øÀÚµéÀÌ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Ã´Ãßµ¿¹° Á¾µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇÑ ¹ø ³óÃàµÈ ¼Òº¯ÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´ø Ƚ¼ö¸¦ °è»êÇߴµ¥, ±× ÇØ´äÀº ¡®ÃÖ¼Ò 10°³¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¾î¼¸é ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ÍÀÎÀ» °í¼öÇÒÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù.


µðµð¿¡ ³ëÀÌÁ¦·¿(Didier Neuzeret)ÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» º¸·Á¸é ¡¸½Ç½Ã°£ ¹°µ¶¼º ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ(Monitoring water toxicity in real time)¡¹À» ÂüÁ¶.


[¿ø¹®º¸±â]


How much of the water we drink is recycled?


¡®Toilet-to tap¡¯ systems can cut strain on water supplies, if we overcome the yuck factor. But how clean is our potable water anyway? We wade in with micropollutants expert Didier Neuzeret.


In summer 2022, much of the United Kingdom experienced extreme temperatures above 40 ¡ÆC. Coupled with months of low rainfall, rivers and reservoirs were left unusually low.


Discussing water security, the head of the Environment Agency, Sir James Bevan, raised an unpalatable solution, to ¡°reprocess the water that results from sewage treat

ment and turn it back into drinking water - perfectly safe and healthy, but not something many people fancy.¡±


Liquid assets


While the thought of a second-hand drink is unappetising, our neighbourhood water supply is in fact recycled constantly, whether as part of the natural or urban water cycles. Treatments include flocculation, micro- 

and ultrafiltration, disinfection, and the use of activated carbon and ozone.


¡°It¡¯s difficult to say which is best, as their efficiency is highly situation-dependent,¡± notes Neuzeret. ¡°It actually doesn¡¯t matter how often water has been recycled, or from what source, what matters is how it is recycled, and to what quality.¡±What is certain, he says, is that water accumulates pollutants, and dilution reduces them.


So as part of the natural water cycle, wastewater can be treated and released into a body of water, such as a river, before being recaptured as surface water, retreated, then piped into homes.


But this option is diminishing.¡°Climate change means that in some areas, especially in summer, water released from treatment plants accounts for almost all of a river¡¯s flow, reducing its ability to dilute wastewater,¡± says Neuzeret.


Wastewater can also be treated for direct use. According to Neuzeret, there are two types of water treatment plants. The first, to produce non-drinking water, typically uses activated sludge to remove macropollutants such as phosphates and nitrates. ¡°Some micropollutants are stopped, but a lot get through, and are released into the natural environment,¡± adds Neuzeret.


Predictably, treatment for drinking water is more rigorous, with several processes targeting micropollutants, and often involving chlorination to remove potential bacteria and viruses. So how do we know how effective water treatments have been?


Aquatic sentinels


Neuzeret¡¯s research is focused on micropollutants from a wide range of sources, including heavy metals released by industry, pesticides used in agriculture and residues of the medicines consumed by people, alongside our cosmetics, solvents and detergents.


¡°While it is widely acknowledged that the number of micropollutant compounds is well above 100 000, this variety means that we can¡¯t talk about average samples. Situations can be completely different from one treatment plant to another,¡± explains Neuzeret.


In the EU-funded ToxMate project, coordinated by Neuzeret, pollution-sensitive organisms were used as waterborne sensors. The team established a protocol for real-time water quality monitoring by studying how pollutants changed the behaviour of three species of aquatic invertebrates - shrimp, leeches and aquatic snails.


Divining the future


Innovations like these will help us ensure our water is not simply reused, but fully recycled. However Neuzeret points at another potential solution to our growing thirst.


 ¡°We only use small amounts of potable water from our taps, around 7 % in France for drinking and cooking, the rest is used for washing ourselves, our clothes and our dishes. We could be systematically collecting this ¡®grey water¡¯ at home to reuse it for toilet flushing, clothes washing or garden irrigation.¡±


So how many times has your glass of water been drunk before? The majority of Earth¡¯s available water has already existed for a few billion years, albeit in a variety of forms (gas, liquid, solid) and locations (rivers, lakes, oceans, groundwater).


µû¶ó¼­ À½¿ë¼ö´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼öµµ²ÀÁö¿¡ µµ´ÞÇϱâ ÈξÀ Àü¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ÀçÈ°¿ëÀ» Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î °ÅÃÆÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 10³â µÈ »ç°í ½ÇÇèÀº Æò±Õ ¹° ºÐÀÚÀÇ ¿øÀÚ°¡ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ´äÀ» ³»³õ´Â ôÃßµ¿¹°: Àû¾îµµ 10.¹Ù´ÚÀÌ À§·Î. ±×·¯³ª ¾Æ¸¶µµ ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ÍÀÎÀ» °í¼öÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.


[Ãâó= Å©¸£µð½º(Community Research and Development Information Service ; CORDIS, Ä¿¹Â´ÏƼ ¿¬±¸ ¹× °³¹ß Á¤º¸ ¼­ºñ½º)

(https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/442892-how-much-of-the-water-we-drink-is-recycled ) / 2023³â 2¿ù 14ÀÏ]


[º¸°í¼­ Ãâó=[ ½Ç½Ã°£ ¹°µ¶¼ºÄ·(Monitoring watertoxic in real time)

( https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/442500-monitoring-water-toxicity-in-real-time )]


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