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¡º³×ÀÌó ¿öÅÍ(Nature Water)¡» Àú³Î 2023³â 6¿ùÈ£¿¡ °ÔÀç 



¹Ì±¹ Å׳׽ÃÁÖ ³»½´ºô¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹ê´õºôÆ®´ëÇб³(Vanderbilt University) ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº °ú¿°¼ö »ê¾÷Æó¼ö¿¡¼­ ¿°ºÐÀ» ÈξÀ ´õ ¿¡³ÊÁö È¿À²ÀûÀÌ°í ºñ¿ë È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦°ÅÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ÃÖ÷´Ü ¹æ¹ýÀ» °³¹ßÇß´Ù.

¹Ì±¹ Å׳׽ÃÁÖ ³»½´ºô¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹ê´õºôÆ®´ëÇб³(Vanderbilt University) ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº °ú¿°¼ö »ê¾÷Æó¼ö¿¡¼­ ¿°ºÐÀ» ÈξÀ ´õ ¿¡³ÊÁö È¿À²ÀûÀÌ°í ºñ¿ë È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦°ÅÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ÃÖ÷´Ü ¹æ¹ýÀ» °³¹ßÇß´Ù.

 

¹Ì±¹ Å׳׽ÃÁÖ ³»½´ºô¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¸³ Á¾ÇÕ´ëÇб³ÀÎ ¹ê´õºôÆ®´ëÇб³(Vanderbilt University) ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº °ú¿°¼ö »ê¾÷Æó¼ö¿¡¼­ ¿°ºÐÀ» ÈξÀ ´õ ¿¡³ÊÁö È¿À²ÀûÀÌ°í ºñ¿ë È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦°ÅÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ÃÖ÷´Ü ¹æ¹ýÀ» °³¹ßÇß´Ù.


À̹ø ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÁÖµµÇÑ ½ºÈ«¸° ¹ê´õºôÆ®´ëÇб³ Åä¸ñ¡¤È¯°æ°øÇÐ ºÎ±³¼ö °â È­ÇС¤»ýüºÐÀÚ°øÇÐ ºÎ±³¼ö. [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = ¹ê´õºôÆ®´ëÇб³(Vanderbilt University)]
À̹ø ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÁÖµµÇÑ ½ºÈ«¸° ¹ê´õºôÆ®´ëÇб³ Åä¸ñ¡¤È¯°æ°øÇÐ ºÎ±³¼ö °â È­ÇС¤»ýüºÐÀÚ°øÇÐ ºÎ±³¼ö. [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = ¹ê´õºôÆ®´ëÇб³(Vanderbilt University)]

¿ª»ïÅõ¾ÐÀ» ÅëÇÑ ´ã¼öÈ­´Â °¶·±(3.78L)´ç 1Æä´Ï(1¼¾Æ® µ¿Àü) ¹Ì¸¸À¸·Î ¹Ù´å¹°¿¡¼­ ¿°ºÐÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾öû³­ ¹ßÀüÀ» ÀÌ·ç¾úÁö¸¸ ±¤¾÷, ¼®À¯ ¹× °¡½º, ¹ßÀü°ú °°Àº »ê¾÷Æó¼ö¿Í ³»·ú ±â¼ö¿¡¼­ ¿°ºÐÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Â µ¥´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ºÎÁ·ÇÏ´Ù.  


»ê¾÷¿ë ¿°¼ö´Â ÇöÀç ±íÀº ÁöÁúÇÐÀû ±¸Á¶¿¡ ÁÖÀԵǰųª Áõ¹ß ¿¬¸øÀ¸·Î ¿Å°ÜÁö¸ç µÎ ó¸® ¹æ¹ý ¸ðµÎ ´õ ¸¹Àº ±ÔÁ¦ ¹× ȯ°æ ¹®Á¦¿¡ Á÷¸éÇØ ÀÖ´Ù.


°øÇÐÀû ó¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿°¼ö¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇϰųª ¿°¼ö ¾çÀ» ÃÖ¼ÒÈ­ÇÏ´Â Á¦·Î ¾×ü ¹èÃâ ¹× ÃÖ¼Ò ¾×ü ¹èÃâÀº ÀϺΠ±¹°¡¿¡¼­ ƯÁ¤ »ê¾÷ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ ÀÌ¹Ì ¿ä±¸µÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, °ð ´õ ³Î¸® äÅÃµÉ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÈ´Ù.


ÇöÀçÀÇ ¹«¹æ·ù(ZLD ; zero liquid discharge) / ÃÖ¼Ò¹æ·ù(MLD ; minimum liquid discharge) 󸮿¡´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ±â°èÀû Áõ±â ¾ÐÃàÀ̶ó´Â ±â¼úÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǸç, ÀÌ ±â¼úÀº Àü±â¿¡¼­ ¿­À» ¹ß»ý½ÃÄÑ ¼Ò±Ý¹°ÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ³²À» ¶§±îÁö ¼Ò±Ý¹°À» Áõ¹ß½ÃŲ´Ù. ¹°¸®Àû ¹æ½Ä¸¸À¸·Î Æó¼ö¸¦ ó¸®ÇÏ´Â MVC°ø¹ýÀº ³ôÀº ÀÚº» ¹× ¿î¿µºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º´Â ¸¹Àº »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÀûÇÕÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù.


ÀÌ ¿¬±¸ ³í¹®Àº ¡º³×ÀÌó ¿öÅÍ(Nature Water)¡» Àú³Î 2023³â 6¿ùÈ£ Ç¥Áö ¹× ³»Áö¿¡ ½Ç·È´Ù.  [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = ¡º³×ÀÌó ¿öÅÍ(Nature Water)¡»]

ÀÌ ¿¬±¸ ³í¹®Àº ¡º³×ÀÌó ¿öÅÍ(Nature Water)¡» Àú³Î 2023³â 6¿ùÈ£ Ç¥Áö ¹× ³»Áö¿¡ ½Ç·È´Ù. [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = ¡º³×ÀÌó ¿öÅÍ(Nature Water)¡»]

 

¹ê´õºôÆ®´ëÇб³ Åä¸ñ ¹× ȯ°æ°øÇÐ ºÎ±³¼öÀÎ ½ºÈ«¸°(Shihong Lin)°ú ÄÝ·Î¶óµµ ÁÖ¸³´ëÇÐÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿øÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ±×ÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº ÀÌ µô·¹¸¶¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´äÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù.


 ¡º³×ÀÌó ¿öÅÍ(Nature Water)¡» Àú³Î 2023³â 6¿ùÈ£ Ç¥Áö ¹× ³»Áö¿¡ ½Ç¸° ÀÌ ³í¹®¿¡¼­ ½ºÈ«¸°°ú ±×ÀÇ µ¿·áµéÀº ¿¡³ÊÁö ¼Òºñ¿Í ¿°¼ö °áÁ¤È­ ºñ¿ëÀ» ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀáÀç·ÂÀ» °¡Áø Àü±âÅõ¼® °áÁ¤È­¶ó´Â »õ·Î¿î ¿°¼öó¸® ±â¼úÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù.


¿¬±¸Áø¿¡ µû¸£¸é EDC(electrodialytic crystallization ; Àü±âÅõ¼® °áÁ¤) °ø¹ýÀÇ ±âº» ¿ø¸®´Â ´ã¼öÈ­ ¹× ¿°¼ö ³óÃàÀ» À§ÇØ ´Ù¾çÇÑ »ê¾÷¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÇ¾î¿Â °øÁ¤ÀÎ Àü±âÅõ¼®°ú °°´Ù.


EDC(Àü±âÅõ¼® °áÁ¤) °³³äµµ

[±×¸²Ãâó(picture source) =  ¡º³×ÀÌó ¿öÅÍ(Nature Water)¡»]

[±×¸²Ãâó(picture source) = ¡º³×ÀÌó ¿öÅÍ(Nature Water)¡»]

 

Àü±âÅõ¼®(ED ; electrodialysis)¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ¿Â ±³È¯¸·À» ÅëÇØ ÀÌ¿ÂÀ» ²ø¾î´ç±â±â À§ÇØ Àü±âÀåÀÌ Àû¿ëµÈ´Ù. ´Ù¾çÇÑ À¯ÇüÀÇ IEMÀ» ƯÁ¤ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¹èÄ¡ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ED´Â Å»À̿¼ö ½ºÆ®¸²°ú ³óÃà ¿°¼ö ½ºÆ®¸²À» »ý¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº EDC(Àü±âÅõ¼® °áÁ¤)°¡ ÅëÇÕ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ³»¿¡¼­ ¿°¼ö¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ°í ºñ¿ëÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ µå´Â Áõ¹ß¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ¼Ò±Ý °áÁ¤È­¸¦ À¯µµÇϱâ À§ÇØ Àü±âÀåÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.


ÀÌ ³í¹®¿¡ µû¸£¸é ¡°Áõ¹ß Á¦°Å´Â ÀáÀçÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¡³ÊÁö È¿À²ÀûÀÎ ¼Ò±Ý¹° °áÁ¤È­ °øÁ¤À» °³¹ßÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÇÙ½ÉÀÌ´Ù¡±¶ó°í ¼­¼úÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.


ÇÑ °¡Áö ÁÖ¿ä ±â¼ú °úÁ¦´Â ƯÁ¤ ÀÌ¿ÂÀÌ IEMÀ» ÅëÇØ À̵¿ÇÒ ¶§ ³Ê¹« ¸¹Àº ¹°À» ²ø¾î´ç°Ü ¿°¼ö È帧À» ³óÃàÇÏ´Â °øÁ¤ÀÇ È¿À²¼ºÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃŲ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


Àü±â »ïÅõ¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â ÀÌ Çö»óÀº ÀϺΠ¿°ºÐÀÌ È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î °áÁ¤È­µÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æÁöÇÑ´Ù. ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº ¡°´õ ³ªÀº ¸âºê·¹ÀÎ µðÀÚÀΰú ÃÖÀûÈ­µÈ ÀÛµ¿ÀÌ ÀáÀçÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÏ°í EDC¸¦ º¸´Ù º¸ÆíÀûÀ¸·Î Àû¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¡±°í ¸»Çß´Ù.


±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í EDC°¡ ó¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿°¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÆÀÀº ¿¹ºñ ºÐ¼®À» ¼öÇàÇßÀ¸¸ç ¿ª»ïÅõ¿Í °áÇÕµÈ EDC°¡ ¿°¼ö °áÁ¤È­¸¦ À§ÇØ ÀáÀçÀûÀ¸·Î MVCº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ÀûÀº ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ¼ÒºñÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.


Ȳ»ê³ªÆ®·ý(Na2SO4) °áÁ¤È­ ½ÇÇèÀ» ÅëÇÑ EDC(Àü±âÅõ¼® °áÁ¤) °³³ä Áõ¸í

[±×¸²Ãâó(picture source) =  ¡º³×ÀÌó ¿öÅÍ(Nature Water)¡»]

[±×¸²Ãâó(picture source) = ¡º³×ÀÌó ¿öÅÍ(Nature Water)¡»]

 

ÀÌ ¿¬±¸´Â ´ã¼öÈ­ ºñ¿ë°ú ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ³·Ãß´Â µ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Áß¿äÇÑ ±â¼úÀû À庮°ú ¿¬±¸¸¦ Á¶»çÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¼¼°èÀû ¼öÁØÀÇ »ê¾÷ ¹× Çаè ÆÄÆ®³Ê¸¦ ¸ðÀ¸´Â °ø°ø-¹Î°£ ÆÄÆ®³Ê½ÊÀÎ ¹° Çõ½ÅÀÇ ±¹°¡ ¿¬ÇÕ(National Alliance of Water Innovation)¿¡¼­ ÀÚ±ÝÀ» Áö¿øÇß´Ù.


NAWI´Â ¹Ì±¹ ¿¡³ÊÁö±â¼ú¿¬±¸¼Ò(National Energy Technology Laboratory), ±¹¸³Àç»ý¿¡³ÊÁö ¿¬±¸¼Ò(National Renewable Energy Laboratory) ¹× ¿ÀÅ©¸®Áö ±¹¸³¿¬±¸¼Ò(Oak Ridge National Laboratory)¿Í Çù·ÂÇÏ¿© DOEÀÇ ·Î·»½º ¹öŬ¸® ±¹¸³¿¬±¸¼Ò(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)°¡ ÁÖµµÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¿¡³ÊÁö È¿À² ¹× Àç»ý ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ »ê¾÷ È¿À² ¹× Żź¼ÒÈ­ »ç¹«¼ÒÀÇ ÀÚ±Ý Áö¿øÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù.


¿ÃÇØ ÃÊ, È­ÇÐ ¹× »ý¹°ºÐÀÚ °øÇаú ºÎ±³¼öÀ̱⵵ ÇÑ ½ºÈ«¸°(Shihong Lin)Àº ¹° ºÐ¸® ¹× ÀÚ¿ø Áö¼Ó°¡´É¼º ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÑ °ø·Î¸¦ ÀÎÁ¤¹Þ¾Æ ¹Ì±¹ Åä¸ñÇÐȸ(American Society of Civil Engineers )·ÎºÎÅÍ ¡®¿ùÅÍ L. ÈĹö(Walter L. Huber) Åä¸ñ°øÇÐ ¿¬±¸»ó¡¯À» ¼ö»óÇß´Ù.


[¿ø¹®º¸±â]


New study in ¡®Nature Water¡¯ demonstrates a vastly more sustainable, cost-effective method to desalinate industrial wastewater


 

Vanderbilt researchers are part of a team that has developed a cutting-edge method that seeks to make the removal of salt from hypersaline industrial wastewater far more energy-efficient and cost-effective.


While desalination through reverse osmosis has made tremendous strides -- allowing for salt removal from seawater for less than a penny per gallon -- it still falls short in eliminating saline in wastewater from industries like mining, oil and gas and power generation and in inland brackish water. 


The industrial brines are currently injected into deep geological formations or transferred to a evaporation ponds, and both disposal methods are facing more regulatory and environmental challenges.


Zero liquid discharge and minimal liquid discharge, which use engineered treatment systems to eliminate brines or minimize brine volume, are already required in some countries for certain industries, and they are expected to become more widely adopted soon. 


Current ZLD/MLD treatments typically involve a technology called mechanical vapor compression, which generates heat from electricity to evaporate brines until the salt is all that remains. Because of the high capital and operating costs of MVC, these processes are unaffordable to many users.


Associate professor of civil and environmental engineering and 2023 Chancellor Faculty Fellow Shihong Lin and his team, including researchers from Colorado State University, believe they have an answer to this dilemma.


In a paper featured on the cover of the June 2023 issue of the journal Nature Water, Lin and his colleagues describe a novel brine treatment technology called electrodialytic crystallization that has the potential to reduce the energy consumption and cost of brine crystallization. 


The fundamental principle of EDC, according to the researchers, is like electrodialysis, a process that has been used in various industries for desalination and brine concentration.


In ED, an electric field is applied to pull ions through ion exchange membranes. By placing different types of IEMs in a certain way, ED can produce streams of deionized water and streams of concentrated brine. 


With some configuration changes to that process, the researchers say EDC keeps the brine within the integrated system and uses an electric field to induce salt crystallization without using costly evaporation methods.


¡°The elimination of evaporation is the key to developing potentially energy efficient brine crystallization processes,¡± according to the paper.


One major technical challenge is that when certain ions transport through the IEMs, they drag too much water across and reduce the effectiveness of the process in concentrating the brine stream. 


This phenomenon, called electro-osmosis, prevents some salts from being crystallized out effectively. The researchers said that better membrane design and optimized operation can potentially address this challenge and make EDC more universally applicable.


Nevertheless, for the salts that EDC can handle, the team performed a preliminary analysis and showed that EDC coupled with reverse osmosis can potentially consume much less energy than MVC for brine crystallization.


The study is funded by the National Alliance of Water Innovation, a public-private partnership that brings together world-class industry and academic partners to examine the critical technical barriers and research needed to radically lower the cost and energy of desalination. 


NAWI is led by DOE¡¯s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in collaboration with National Energy Technology Laboratory, National Renewable Energy Laboratory and - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and it is funded by the Office of - Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy¡¯s Industrial Efficiency and Decarbonization Office.


Earlier this year, Lin, who is also associate professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering, was awarded a Walter L. Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize by the American Society of Civil Engineers for his contributions to the field of water separation and resource sustainability.


[Ãâó= ¹ê´õºôÆ®´ëÇб³(Vanderbilt University)(https://www.vanderbilt.edu/sustainability/2023/06/new-study-in-nature-water-demonstrates-a-vastly-more-sustainable-cost-effective-method-to-desalinate-industrial-wastewater/) / 2023³â 6¿ù 21ÀÏ]

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