[¹Ì±¹] ¡° ¹Ì±¹ÀÎ ´ëºÎºÐ PFAS ¹°Áú ¸ð¸£°Å³ª À§Çè¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö½Ä ³·¾Æ¡±
Åػ罺 ÁÖ¸³´ë ³ó¾÷»ý¸í¿¬±¸¼Ò ¿¬±¸Á¶»çÆÀ, ¹Ì±¹ Àü¿ª 1õ100¸í ´ë»ó PFAS °ü·Ã ¼³¹®Á¶»ç ½Ç½Ã
ÀÀ´äÀÚ 45.1% ¡°PFAS µé¾îº» Àûµµ ¾ø°í ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¸ð¸¥´Ù¡±
31.6%´Â¡°PFAS¿¡ ´ëÇØ µé¾îº» ÀûÀÌ ÀÖÁö¸¸ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¸ð¸¥´Ù¡± ÀÀ´ä
97.4%´Â ¡°½Ä¼ö°¡ PFASÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù°í ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¡±°í ´äÇØ
Åػ罺 ÁÖ¸³´ë ³ó¾÷»ý¸í¿¬±¸¼Ò(Texas A&M AgriLife)°¡ ¹Ì±¹ Àü¿ª 1õ100¸íÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÑ ¿¬±¸Á¶»ç¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¹Ì±¹ÀÎµé ¼öµ¾¹° µî¿¡ ÇÔÀ¯µÈ ¡®¿µ¿øÇÑ ÈÇй°Áú¡¯ÀÎ PFAS(°úºÒÈÇÕ¹°)ÀÇ À§ÇèÀ» ÀνÄÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¹Ì±¹ÀÎµé ¡®¿µ¿øÇÑ ÈÇй°Áú¡¯ÀÎ PFAS(°úºÒÈÇÕ¹°)ÀÇ À§ÇèÀ» ÀνÄÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¿¬±¸Á¶»ç °á°ú°¡ ³ª¿Ô´Ù.
ÆÛÇ÷ç¿À·Î¾Ëų(perfluoroalkyl)°ú Æú¸®Ç÷ç¿À·Î¾Ëų(polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS) ¹°Áú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ëÁßÀÇ ÀνĿ¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Ã¹ ¹ø° ÀϹÝÈµÈ ¿¬±¸Á¶»ç¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÑ Åػ罺 ÁÖ¸³´ë ³ó¾÷»ý¸í¿¬±¸¼Ò(Texas A&M AgriLife) °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀÌ PFAS ¹°ÁúÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¸ð¸£°Å³ª ÀáÀçÀûÀÎ °ü·Ã À§Çè¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö½ÄÀÌ ³·Àº °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù.
PFAS´Â ¼öõ °¡Áö Á¦Á¶µÈ ÈÇй°ÁúÀÇ ¹üÁÖÀ̸ç ȯ°æ ¹× Àΰ£ÀÇ °Ç°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »õ·Î¿î °ü½É»çÀÌ´Ù. PFAS´Â °¡´ÉÇÑ °¡Àå °·ÂÇÑ ÈÇÐ °áÇÕ Áß ÇϳªÀΠź¼Ò¿Í ºÒ¼Ò ºÐÀÚ »çÀÌÀÇ °áÇÕÀÌ PFASÀÇ Á¦°Å ¹× ºÐÇظ¦ ¸Å¿ì ¾î·Æ°Ô Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¡®¿µ¿øÇÑ ÈÇй°Áú(forever chemicals)¡¯À̶ó°í ºÒ¸°´Ù.
¿À´Ã(9¿ù 16ÀÏ) ¡ºPLOS ONE Àú³Î(journal PLOS ONE.)¡»¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÈ ÀÌ ¿¬±¸³í¹®ÀÇ ÁÖ¿äÀúÀÚÀÎ Åػ罺 ¼öÀÚ¿ø ¿¬±¸¼Ò(Texas Water Resources Institute, TWRI) Àӽà ¼ÒÀåÀÎ ¾Ë·» ¹öÅçµå(Allen Berthold) ¹Ú»ç´Â ¡°À̹ø ¿¬±¸Á¶»ç´Â ÀÌ·± Á¾·ùÀÇ Ã¹ ¹ø° Á¶»çÀÌ¸ç ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹ß°ßÇÑ °ÍÀº ´ë´Ù¼öÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ PFAS¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸íÈ®ÇÑ ÀÌÇظ¦ °®°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â °Í¡±À̶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
PFAS ÈÇÕ¹°Àº ¼ÒÈ Æû(fire extinguishing foam), ´Þ¶óºÙÁö ¾Ê´Â Á¶¸®±â±¸(nonstick cookware), ½ÄÇ° Æ÷ÀåÁö ¹× ±âŸ ¸¹Àº ¼ÒºñÀ縦 Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© 1940³â´ëºÎÅÍ »ê¾÷ ¹× Á¦Ç°¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. PFAS ÈÇÕ¹°ÀÇ ¼öÁØÀº ½ÄÇ° ¹× ¼öµµ °ø±Þ¿¡¼µµ °ËÃâµÇ¾ú´Ù.
¹Ì±¹Àεé, PFAS ÈÇй°Áú¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ÅÀÇ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇØ
Áö³ 3¿ù ¹Ì±¹ ȯ°æº¸È£Ã»(EPA)Àº ½Ä¼ö ³» PFAS¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¹°¡ Ç¥ÁØÀ» Á¦¾ÈÇß´Ù. Áö¿ª»çȸ¿¡ °ø±ÞµÇ´Â ¼öµ¾¹°ÀÌ ¾ÈÀüÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¼öÁØÀÇ PFAS°¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÇÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» °í½ÉÇÏ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¼ÒºñÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÈÇй°Áú¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀüÇô ¸ð¸£°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¾Ë·» ¹öÅçµå(Allen Berthold) ¹Ú»ç´Â ¡°°ø°³ ¹ßǥȸ¿¡¼ ûÁߵ鿡°Ô PFAS¿¡ ´ëÇØ µé¾îº» ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¹°¾îº¸¸é º¸Åë 100¸í Áß ¸î ¸í¸¸ ±×·¸´Ù°í ´äÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç, ÀÌ´Â À̹ø Á¶»ç°á°ú¿Í »ó´çÈ÷ ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù¡±°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
¹öÅçµå ¹Ú»ç´Â ÀÌ¾î ¡°½Ä¼ö¿¡ ÇÔÀ¯µÈ PFAS´Â ¿ÃÇØ ¾ð·Ð°ú ±ÔÁ¦ ´ç±¹ÀÇ °ü½ÉÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÁö¸¸, ¿À¿°¹°Áú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÏ¹Ý ´ëÁßÀÇ ÀνÄÀÌ ÀÌ ¿¬±¸Á¶»ç°¡ ÀÖ±â Àü±îÁö ÃøÁ¤µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¡±°í ¹àÇû´Ù.
TWRI(Åػ罺 ¼öÀÚ¿ø ¿¬±¸¼Ò)ÀÇ ½ºÅ×ÆÄ´Ï µåºô³úºê(Stephanie deVillneuve), ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ Àü¹®°¡ ¿Àµå¸® ¸ÆÅ©·¡¸®(Audrey McCrary), ±×¸®°í ¿¬±¸Àü¹®°¡ ¸¶ÀÌŬ ½´·¥(Michael Schramm)µµ °øµ¿ ÀúÀÚ·Î Âü¿©Çß´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÇÔ²² ¡â¹Ì±¹ ÁֹεéÀÇ PFAS¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö½Ä ¡âPFAS¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °æÇè ¡âPFAS¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ÀáÀçÀûÀΠȯ°æ ¹× °Ç° À§Çè¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀνÄÀ» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ°í ºÐ¼®Çß´Ù.
À̹ø ¿¬±¸Á¶»ç¸¦ ÁÖµµÇÑ Åػ罺 ÁÖ¸³´ë ³ó¾÷»ý¸í¿¬±¸¼Ò(Texas A&M AgriLife) ¿¬±¸ÆÀ. »çÁø »ó´Ü ¿ÞÂʺÎÅÍ ½Ã°è¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·» ¹öÅçµå(Allen Berthold), ½ºÅ×ÆÄ´Ï µåºô³úºê(Stephanie deVillneuve), ¸¶ÀÌŬ ½´·¥(Michael Schramm), ½ºÅ×ÆÄ´Ï µåºô³úºê(Stephanie deVillneuve) ¹Ú»ç. [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = Åػ罺 ÁÖ¸³´ë ³ó¾÷»ý¸í¿¬±¸¼Ò(Texas A&M AgriLife]
À̹ø ¼³¹®Á¶»ç¿¡¼ÀÇ ¸î °¡Áö ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ¸¸ÇÑ °á°ú´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
ÀÀ´äÀÚÀÇ 45.1%´Â ¡°PFAS¿¡ ´ëÇØ µé¾îº» Àûµµ ¾ø°í ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¸ð¸¥´Ù¡±°í ´äÇßÀ¸¸ç, 31.6%´Â¡° PFAS¿¡ ´ëÇØ µé¾îº» ÀûÀº ÀÖÁö¸¸ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¸ð¸¥´Ù¡±°í ÀÀ´äÇß´Ù.
¶Ç 11.5%´Â ¡°ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Áö¿ª»çȸ°¡ PFAS¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ¾úÀ½À» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù¡±°í ÀÀ´äÇß´Ù.
ƯÈ÷, 97.4%´Â ¡°½Ä¼ö°¡ PFASÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù°í ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¡±°í ÀÀ´äÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.
¼öµ¾¹°¿¡ ÇÔÀ¯µÈ PFAS
Áö³ 7¿ù ¹Ì±¹ ÁöÁúÁ¶»ç±¹(U.S. Geological Survey)Àº ¹Ì±¹ ¼öµ¾¹°ÀÇ ÃÖ¼Ò 45%°¡ Çϳª ÀÌ»óÀÇ PFAS ÈÇй°ÁúÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¤µÈ´Ù´Â ¿¬±¸ °á°ú¸¦ ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù.
¸ÆÅ©·¡¸®(McCrary)´Â ¡°¸¹Àº ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀÌ ¾Ëµç ¸ð¸£µç ½Ä¼ö °ø±ÞÀ» ÅëÇØ PFAS¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¿¬±¸ °á°ú°¡ Áö³ÇØ¿¡ ³ª¿Ô´Ù¡±¸ç ¡°µû¶ó¼ ¿©±â¼ »ó´çÇÑ Áö½Ä °ÝÂ÷°¡ ÇØ°áµÉ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¡±°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
½´¶÷(Schramm)Àº ¡°ÀÌ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼ PFAS ÀνÄÀÇ °¡Àå °·ÂÇÑ ¿¹ÃøÀÎÀÚ´Â Áö¿ª»çȸ ³ëÃ⡱À̶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
½´¶÷Àº ¡°±×·¯³ª PFAS¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µé Áß ¾à Àý¹ÝÀÌ PFAS°¡ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¸ð¸¥´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù¡±¸ç ¡°ÀÌ´Â ´ëÁß¿¡°Ô Á¦°øµÇ´Â Á¤º¸ÀÇ Å« °ÝÂ÷¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù¡±°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
Áö¿ª»çȸ ³ëÃâ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÀ´äÀÚ´Â PFAS °ø±Þ¿øÀ» ¾Ë°í Àְųª PFAS ¿À¿° °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Ç°¸ñÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» º¯°æÇÏ°í ½Ä¼ö °ø±Þ¿øµµ PFAS¿¡ ¿À¿°µÇ¾ú´Ù°í ´ë´äÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ´õ ³ô¾Ò´Ù.
¼³¹®Á¶»ç ¹æ½Ä
À̹ø ¼³¹®Á¶»ç´Â ¿Â¶óÀÎÀ» ÅëÇØ ÁøÇàµÆÀ¸¸ç, ¹Ì±¹ Àü¿ª¿¡¼ 1õ100¸íÀÇ ÀÀ´äÀÚ°¡ Âü¿©Çß´Ù. ½´¶÷(Schramm)ÀÌ ÀÀ´äÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ø½ÄÀûÀÎ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ºÐ¼®À» ÁÖµµÇß°í, ¾Ë·» ¹öÅçµå(Allen Berthold), ¿Àµå¸® ¸ÆÅ©·¡¸®(Audrey McCrary) ¹× ½ºÅ×ÆÄ´Ï µåºô³úºê(Stephanie deVillneuve)´Â ¼³¹®Á¶»ç ¹æ¹ý·Ð°ú °ü¸®¸¦ °³¹ßÇß´Ù.
ÀÌ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ Àα¸Åë°è¿¡ °ÉÃÄ PFAS Áö½Ä, °æÇè ¹× À§Çè ÀνÄÀ» ºñ±³ÇÒ ¶§ Å« Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ¾øÀ½À» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù.
½ºÅ×ÆÄ´Ï µåºô³úºê(Stephanie deVillneuve) ¹Ú»ç´Â ¡°ÀÎÁ¾, ¼ºº°, ¿¬·É¿¡ µû¸¥ Åë°èÀû Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ ¸¸ÇÏ´Ù. ÀνÄÀº Àü¹ÝÀûÀ¸·Î °ÅÀÇ µ¿ÀÏÇß´Ù¡±¶ó¸é¼ ¡°ÀÌ ¿¬±¸´Â »ç½Ç Á¶»ç ³ë·ÂÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç PFAS ±³Á¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü½ÉÀÌ °è¼Ó Áõ°¡ÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ³ª¾Æ°¡´Â ±âÁØ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù¡±°í °Á¶Çß´Ù.
[¿ø¹®º¸±â]
Most Americans are oblivious to 'forever chemicals' and risks
First-of-its-kind public awareness study by Texas A&M AgriLife shows knowledge of PFAS chemicals is low.
Texas A&M AgriLife scientists conducting the first generalized U.S. study on public awareness of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS, found most Americans do not know what the substances are or have knowledge of any potential associated risks.
PFAS are a category of thousands of manufactured chemicals and an emerging concern to environmental and human health. PFAS are called ¡°forever chemicals¡± because their bonds between carbon and fluorine molecules, one of the strongest chemical bonds possible, make PFAS removal and breakdown very difficult.
¡°This is the first survey of its kind, and what we found is that the vast majority of people do not have a clear understanding of PFAS,¡± said Texas Water Resources Institute, TWRI, Interim Director Allen Berthold, Ph.D., lead author of the study published today in the journal PLOS ONE.
PFAS compounds have been used in industry and products since the 1940s, including fire extinguishing foam, nonstick cookware, food wrappers and many other consumer goods. Levels of PFAS compounds have also been detected in food and water supplies.
Americans largely unaware of PFAS chemicals
In March, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA, proposed a national standard for PFAS in drinking water. As communities grapple with how to ensure their water supplies do not contain unsafe levels of PFAS, most consumers are completely unaware there is an issue with these chemicals.
¡°When I ask an audience at a public presentation if they¡¯ve ever heard of PFAS, usually only a few people from a room of 100 will say yes, and that¡¯s fairly consistent with these survey results,¡± Berthold said. ¡°PFAS in drinking water has received media and regulatory attention this year, but the general public¡¯s awareness of the contaminant had not been measured until this research.¡±
TWRI¡¯s Stephanie deVilleneuve, corresponding author and research specialist; Audrey McCrary, program specialist; and Michael Schramm, research specialist, also co-authored the research. Together, they measured and analyzed U.S. residents¡¯ knowledge of PFAS, experience with PFAS, and perceptions of potential environmental and health risks related to PFAS.
Some notable findings were:
45.1% of respondents had never heard of PFAS and did not know what they are, and 31.6% responded that they had heard of PFAS but did not know what they are.
11.5% knew their community had been exposed to PFAS.
97.4% did not believe their drinking water had been impacted by PFAS.
PFAS in tap water
In July, the U.S. Geological Survey published research showing that at least 45% of the nation¡¯s tap water was estimated to contain one or more types of PFAS chemicals.
¡°Research has come out in the last year showing that many Americans are exposed to PFAS, including through drinking water supplies, whether they know it or not,¡± McCrary said. ¡°So, a significant knowledge gap here needs to be addressed.¡±
Schramm said in the study the strongest predictor of PFAS awareness was community exposure.
¡°However, of the people aware they were exposed to PFAS, approximately half stated they did not know what PFAS were,¡± Schramm said. ¡°This indicates a large gap in the information being provided to the public.¡±
The respondents aware of community exposure were more likely to know PFAS sources, change their use of items with potential PFAS contamination, and answer that their drinking water sources were also contaminated with PFAS.
About the survey
The survey was conducted online, and 1,100 respondents from across the U.S. participated. Schramm led the formal data analysis of the responses, and Berthold, McCrary and deVilleneuve developed the survey methodology and administration.
The study found no major differences when comparing PFAS knowledge, experience and risk perceptions across various demographics.
¡°It was very notable that there was no statistical difference depending on race, gender or age ? perception was largely the same across the board,¡± deVilleneuve said. ¡°This research was a fact-finding effort and gives us baseline data moving forward as interest in PFAS remediation continues to grow.¡±
[Ãâó = Åػ罺 ÁÖ¸³´ë ³ó¾÷»ý¸í¿¬±¸¼Ò(Texas A&M AgriLife)(https://agrilifetoday.tamu.edu/2023/11/16/most-americans-are-oblivious-to-forever-chemicals-and-risks/) / 2023³â 11¿ù 16ÀÏ]
[¿¬±¸³í¹®Ãâó = ¡ºPLOS ONE Àú³Î(journal PLOS ONE.)¡»(https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0294134) / 2023³â 11¿ù 16ÀÏ]