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[±×¸²Ãâó(»çÁø Ãâó) = ¡º¹Ì±¹ÇÐÇùȸÀú³Î ¾Æµ¿°úÇÐ(JAMA Pediatrics)¡» ]

[±×¸²Ãâó(picture source) = ¡º¹Ì±¹ÀÇÇÐÇùȸÀú³Î ¼Ò¾Æ°úÇÐ(JAMA Pediatrics)¡» ]


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¡®½ÃÄ«°íÀÇ ½Ä¼ö·Î ÀÎÇÑ ¾Æµ¿ ³³ ³ëÃâ ÃßÁ¤(Estimated Childhood Lead Exposure From Drinking Water in Chicago)¡¯Àº Á¸½ºÈ©Å²½º´ëÇб³(Johns Hopkins University) ºí·ë¹ö±× °øÁߺ¸°Ç´ëÇÐ(Bloomberg School of Public Health)ÀÇ º¥ÀڹΠÈÄÀÎ(Benjamin Huynh), ¿¤¸®ÀÚº£½º Ä£(Elizabeth Chin), ¸ÅÆ© Å°¾Ó(Mathhew Kiang) µîÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºÇß´Ù.


[¿ø¹®º¸±â]


Study Estimates Nearly 70 Percent of Children Under Six in Chicago May Be Exposed to Lead-Contaminated Tap Water

Researchers analyzed results from nearly 40,000 households participating in a voluntary tap-water test program run by the city

 


A new analysis led by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health estimates that 68 percent of Chicago children under age six live in households with tap water containing detectable levels of lead.


For their analysis, the researchers used machine learning, an artificial intelligence technique, to gauge likely levels of lead in tap water in households across Chicago, based on an existing dataset that includes results from 38,385 tap water tests taken from 2016 to 2023. The tests were from households that had registered for a free self-administered testing service for lead exposure.


The threshold the researchers used was the lowest detectable level of lead in the water tests, one part per billion?roughly the equivalent of a half teaspoon of water in an Olympic-size swimming pool. More than two-thirds-69 percent-of the tests exceeded this level. 


From this, the machine learning model predicted lead-contaminated water in 75 percent of residential city blocks, covering 68 percent of Chicago children under 6. The Environmental Protection Agency¡¯s current ¡°action¡± level for lead in drinking water-the point at which a municipality must take additional steps-is 15 ppb. The analysis found that 9 percent of tests had lead levels over 15 ppb. The analysis also found racial inequities in exposure levels and testing rates.


The findings were published online March 18 in JAMA Pediatrics.


Lead is considered a serious environmental toxin, especially for children, with no ¡°safe¡± exposure level. Lead pipes were used and often required before they were banned in the U.S. in 1986. Many cities still use lead water pipes that were installed prior to their ban. Chicago has more than any other U.S. city, an estimated 400,000 lead pipes that supply water to as many as 2.7 million people. Across the U.S., more than 9.2 million households get water through lead pipes and service lines, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.


The EPA has proposed that U.S. cities replace all lead water service lines within 10 years. Under the proposal, Chicago would get 40 years to comply, given the disproportionate burden its water infrastructure poses.


¡°The extent of lead contamination of tap water in Chicago is disheartening?it¡¯s not something we should be seeing in 2024,¡± says study lead author Benjamin Huynh, PhD, an assistant professor in the Bloomberg School¡¯s Department of Environmental Health and Engineering.


For their study, Huynh and colleagues set out to quantify the exposure faced by Chicago children under six.


The researchers began with a publicly available dataset from the Chicago Department of Water Management that contained 38,385 tap water test results for lead that participating Chicago households had taken from January 2016 to September 2023. The results covered about 36 percent of residential blocks in the city.


The researchers then combined these data with U.S. Census and other official data on block-by-block demographics and used machine learning techniques to extrapolate-from the partial coverage of the tap water test results-the likely block-by-block risk of having lead-contaminated water.


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ÀúÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ ¿¬±¸¿¡ ¸î °¡Áö ÇÑ°è°¡ ÀÖÀ½À» ÁöÀûÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ³³ Å×½ºÆ® µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â ºí·Ï ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­ À͸íÈ­µÇ¾î ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÌ °¡±¸º° µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº µµ½Ã ÀüüÀÇ ¼Ò¾Æ °Ç°­ ±â·Ï¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ³³ ³ëÃâÀÌ °Ç°­¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâÀ» µ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿¡¼­ Á÷Á¢ ÃßÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å ¸ðµ¨¸µÇØ¾ß Çß½À´Ï´Ù.


"½ÃÄ«°íÀÇ ½Ä¼ö·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÃßÁ¤ ¾Æµ¿ ³³ ³ëÃâ"Àº Benjamin Huynh, Elizabeth Chin ¹× Mathew KiangÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºÇß½À´Ï´Ù.


[Ãâó = Á¤±ÛȩŲ½º´ëÇб³(Johns Hopkins University) ( https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2024/study-estimates-nearly-70-percent-of-children-under-six-in-chicago-may-be- ³³¿¡ ¿À¿°µÈ ¼öµ¾¹° ) / 2024³â 3¿ù 18ÀÏ]


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