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[2013] [Çʶõµå] ž翡³ÊÁö º¸±Þ À§ÇÑ 3¼¼´ë žçÀüÁö °³¹ß ³ë·Â È°¹ß
À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2013.04.30 Á¶È¸¼ö 883
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[Çʶõµå] ž翡³ÊÁö º¸±Þ À§ÇÑ 3¼¼´ë žçÀüÁö °³¹ß ³ë·Â È°¹ß
 
 
Çɶõµå ¾ËÅä´ëÇÐ(Aalto University)ÀÇ Peter Lund ±³¼ö´Â ž翡³ÊÁöÀÇ ÀÌ¿ëÀº ºü¸£°Ô Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, 2050³â±îÁö žç¹ßÀüÀº Àü¼¼°è Àü±â»ç¿ë·®ÀÇ 1/4À» Â÷ÁöÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¿¹»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ž翡³ÊÁö´Â È¿À² °³¼± ¹× žçÀüÁö °¡°Ý Ç϶ôÀ¸·Î ´ëÁßÀûÀÎ Àα⸦ ¾ò°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Çɶõµå ¾ÆÄ«µ¥¹Ì(Academy of Finland)ÀÇ Sustainable Energy Research ProgrammeÀ» ÅëÇØ Lund ±³¼öÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº 3¼¼´ë žçÀüÁö¸¦ °³¹ß ÁßÀÌ´Ù. À̵éÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº Àç»ý°¡´É¿¡³ÊÁö È°¿ëÀ» À§ÇÑ ´ë±Ô¸ð ¼Ö·ç¼ÇÀ» °³¹ßÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Lund ±³¼ö´Â ¡°À̹ø ¿¬±¸´Â ¹Ì·¡ ¿¡³ÊÁö°¡ dz·ÂÀ̳ª ž籤°ú °°Àº Àç»ý°¡´É ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¾ò¾îÁú °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ¿¹ÃøÀ¸·Î ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿¹ÃøÀ» Çö½ÇÈ­Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¿ì¸®´Â ´ë·® »ý»ê¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö ±â¼úÀÇ °³¹ß°ú À¯¿¬¼º ÀÖ´Â ¿¡³ÊÁö »ý»êÀ» ¿ëÀÌÇÏ°Ô ÇØ ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿¡³ÊÁö ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ °³¼±ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ¿´´Ù¡±°í ¹àÇû´Ù.

3¼¼´ë žçÀüÁö´Â õ¿¬ ±¤ÇÕ¼º(Photosynthesis) Çö»óÀ» ¸ð¹æÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿°·á°¨ÀÀ žçÀüÁö(Dye-sensitized solar cell)¶ó°í ºÒ¸°´Ù. À̵é 3¼¼´ë ÀüÁöÀÇ ÀåÁ¡Àº »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ±âº» ¹°ÁúÀÇ °¡¿ë¼ºÀÌ ¿ì¼öÇϸç, ½±°Ô Á¦ÀÛÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Àç·á ¹× »ý»ê ¹æ¹ýÀÌ °æÁ¦ÀûÀÌ´Ù. Áö³­ 2010³â Michael GratzelÀº ÀÌ ¿°·á°¨ÀÀ žçÀüÁö¸¦ °³¹ßÇÏ¿© Çɶõµå ¹Ð·¹´Ï¾ö ±â¼ú»ó(Millennium Technology Prize)À» ¼ö»óÇϱ⵵ ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

Lund ±³¼ö´Â ¡°¿°·á°¨ÀÀ žçÀüÁö´Â ½ÇÇè½Ç ±Ô¸ð¿¡¼­ ¸Å¿ì Èñ¸ÁÀûÀÌ´Ù. À̵éÀº 10% ÀÌ»óÀÇ È¿À²À» º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿°·á°¨ÀÀ žçÀüÁö¸¦ ´ë·®»ý»êÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ÇØ°áµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ ¸¹Àº ¹®Á¦µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¡±°í ¹àÇû´Ù. À̵éÀÇ ÇöÀç ¿¬±¸¿¡´Â »ç¿ëµÇ´Â Àç·á, ´Ù¸¥ ³ª³ë±¸Á¶ ¹× °íü»óÅ ÀüÇØÁú(Solid-state Electrolyte) µîÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù.

¶ÇÇÑ ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³²¿¡ µû¶ó ÀüÁö È¿À²À» ÀúÇϽÃÅ°´Â ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Lund ±³¼öÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÁøÀÌ °³¹ßÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Çöó½ºÆ½ ¹× ±Ý¼Ó¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ Ç÷º½Ãºí žçÀüÁö(Flexible Solar Cell)´Â ´ë·® »ý»ê¿¡ °¡Àå ÀûÇÕÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ.

±×´Â ¡°¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº ´Ù¸¥ ºÐ¾ß Áß Åº¼Ò ³ª³ë±¸Á¶¸¦ È°¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¾ÈÀ» ÃßÁøÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ±Ý¼Ó¹Ú(Metal Foil)À̳ª Çöó½ºÆ½ À§¿¡ ¼¿À» Á¦Á¶ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, È¿À²Àº 6% ÀÌ»óÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °á°ú´Â ¸Å¿ì ¿ì¼öÇÏ´Ù°í º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¡±°í ¼³¸íÇÏ¿´´Ù. ź¼Ò ³ª³ë±¸Á¶¸¦ È°¿ëÇÏ¿© °í°¡ ±Ý¼ÓÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁö´Â Ã˸Ÿ¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.

Lund ±³¼ö´Â ¡°¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº ž籤À̳ª dz·ÂÀÇ ÇöÀç ÃÖ´ë »ý»ê·®À» 2~3¹è Áõ°¡½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¾ÈÀ» ¸ð»öÇÏ°í ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀÌ ¼º°øÀûÀÎ °á°ú¸¦ º¸¿©Áشٸé Àüü ¿¡³ÊÁö ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» »õ·Ó°Ô °³ÇõÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³­¹æ, °ø±âÁ¶Àý ¹× ¼ö¼Û µîÀ» ¿¬°èÇÏ¿© Áö±Ýº¸´Ù °³¼±µÈ ¿¡³ÊÁö ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ¹Ì·¡ ¸ð½ÀÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¡±°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ±×´Â ¡°¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, Àü±â¿Í ¿­ »ý»êÀ» º´ÇÕÇÏ¿© Çï½ÌÅ°°¡ dz·ÂÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â Àü·ÂÀÇ ¾à 75%¸¦ »ý»êÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

dz·Â¹ßÀü »ý»ê¿ë·®À» Å©°Ô È®´ëÇÏ¿© ¹Ù¶÷ÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ºÒÁö ¾Ê´Â ³¯¿¡µµ ÃæºÐÇÑ Àü±â¸¦ »ý»êÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é °¡´ÉÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¾ÆÁÖ °­ÇÑ ¹Ù¶÷ÀÌ ºÎ´Â ³¯¿¡´Â Àü±â¸¦ ¿­·Î ÀüȯÇÏ¿© Áö¿ª³­¹æ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ Àü´ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¡±°í µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù.

¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ À̽´¿Í °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ±¹Á¦ Çù·Â¿¡µµ Âü¿©ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, Lund ±³¼öÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº »óÇØ(Shanghai)³ª ¹³¹ÙÀÌ(Mumbai)¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô ž翡³ÊÁö µµ½Ã·Î º¯È¯ÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹æ¾ÈÀ» µµÃâÇϴµ¥ ±â¿©ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÁÖÁ¦·Î Ä¥·¹¿¡¼­´Â Çɶõµå-Ä¥·¹ °øµ¿ ¿¬±¸°¡ ÁøÇàµÇ°í Àֱ⵵ ÇÏ´Ù. Çɶõµå ¾ÆÄ«µ¥¹Ì´Â À̹ø ¿¬±¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀϺΠÀçÁ¤Àû Áö¿øÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

[Ãâó : KISTI ¹Ì¸®¾È(http://mirian.kisti.re.kr) ¡º±Û·Î¹úµ¿Çâºê¸®ÇÎ(GTB)¡»2013. 04. 29]
 
 
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Working toward a more inexpensive and widespread use of solar energy
 
The use of solar energy is increasing rapidly, and by 2050, the share of solar electricity may even represent one fourth of all the electricity used worldwide," predicts Professor Peter Lund of Aalto University. Solar energy is gaining in popularity primarily due to the improved efficiency and reduced cost of solar cells. Within the Academy of Finland's Sustainable Energy Research Programme, Lund's research team is working on developing third generation solar cells. The aim is to produce large-scale solutions for the utilisation of renewable energy.
 
"The motivation for the research is the idea that the majority of our energy could, in the future, be provided by renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power. In order to realise this ideal, we need energy technology that is suitable for industrial mass production and improvements in the energy system that would facilitate diversified and flexible energy production," says Peter Lund.

Third generation solar cells are so-called dye-sensitized solar cells that emulate natural photosynthesis. The advantage of these cells is that the basic materials used in them are readily available and the cells are simple to build. Furthermore, the materials and production methods are inexpensive. In 2010, Michael Gratzel was awarded the Millennium Technology Prize for the invention of the dye-sensitized solar cell.
 
"The dye-sensitized solar cell is a very promising product and, in a laboratory environment, it has been shown to produce an efficiency rate of more than 10 per cent. There are, however, still many questions that need answering before this product is ready for mass production," states Lund. The current areas of study include the materials to be used, different nanostructures and solid-state electrolytes. Researchers are also looking to clarify the mechanisms that weaken the efficiency of the cell over time.
 
Flexible solar cells bonded to plastic or metal, the type that the Lund group is currently researching, would appear to be most suitable for mass production. "We have been pioneers in, among other areas, the utilisation of carbon nanostructures. We are able to build a permanent cell on metal foil or plastic with an efficiency of more than 6 per cent. This result is truly exceptional."

The use of carbon nanostructures in the cell will eliminate the need for any catalysts made from precious metals. Inexpensive metals are vulnerable to corrosion and they often are characterised by a low charge transfer capacity, in other words, poor efficiency.
 

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