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[2013] [¹Ì±¹] ·¯½Ã¾Æ¿Í ¿øÀÚ·Â R&D ºÎ¹® Çù·Â ÇùÁ¤¿¡ ¼­¸í
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¹Ì±¹ ¿¡³ÊÁöºÎ(DOE)ÀÇ ¾î´Ï½ºÆ® ¸ð´ÏÁî(Ernest Moniz) Àå°ü°ú ·¯½Ã¾Æ ¿¬¹æÁ¤ºÎÀÇ ¿øÀÚ·Â °ø»çÀÎ ·Î»çÅè(Rosatom)ÀÇ ¼¼¸£°ÔÀÌ Å°¸®¿£ÄÚ(Sergey Kirienko) »çÀåÀº ¾ç±¹ Á¤ºÎ°¡ ¿øÀÚ·Â ¿¡³ÊÁö ¿¬±¸ °³¹ß(R&D) ¹× ÇÙ ¾Èº¸ ºÎ¹®¿¡¼­ Çù·ÂÇѴٴµ¥ ÇÕÀÇÇÏ°í, 9¿ù 16ÀÏ Çù·Â ÇùÁ¤¼­¿¡ ¼­¸íÇÏ¿´´Ù. 

ÀÌ ¿¬±¸ °³¹ß ÇùÁ¤¿¡¼­ ¹Î¼ö¿ë ¿øÀÚ·Â ºÎ¹®Àº ¿øÀڷ¹ßÀü¼Ò, ÇÙ¿¬·á ¼³°è, ¿øÀÚ·Â ¹× ¹æ»ç¼± ±â¼ú, ¹æ»ç¼º Æó±â¹° °ü¸®¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̸ç, ÇÙ ¾Èº¸ ºÎ¹®¿¡¼­´Â ÇÙ ¹× ¹æ»ç¼± ¾ÈÀü¼º ±×¸®°í ÇÙ ºñÈ®»êÀ» ºñÁß ÀÖ°Ô ´Ù·ê °ÍÀ̶ó°í ±¹Á¦¿øÀڷ±ⱸ(IAEA)ÀÇ ÃÑȸ¿¡ Âü°¡ÇÑ ·Î»çÅèÀÌ ¹àÇû´Ù.

¹Ì ¿¡³ÊÁöºÎ¿¡ µû¸£¸é, µ¿ ÇùÁ¤ ÇÏ¿¡¼­ ¾ç±¹ÀÌ Çù·ÂÇÒ ÀáÀçÀû ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®´Â ±¹Á¦ ¾ÈÀüÁ¶Ä¡(safeguard), ¡®´Ù¸ñÀû °í¼Ó ¿¬±¸·Î ±¹Á¦ ¿¬±¸¼¾ÅÍ¡¯(Multi-Purpose Fast Research Reactor International Research Center)ÀÇ ¼³¸³, ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÇ °í¼Ó ½ºÆåÆ®·³ ¿¬±¸·ÎÀÎ BOR-60¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÇÙ¿¬·á ¹× Àç·áÀÇ Á¶»ç ±×¸®°í ¼ÒÇ༺À¸·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ¹æ¾î µîÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. DOE´Â ÇùÁ¤¿¡ µû¶ó ¹Ì±¹°ú ·¯½Ã¾Æ°¡ µ¿µîÇÑ ÆÄÆ®³Ê·Î¼­ °¢±¹ÀÇ ºñ¿ëÀ» °¢±¹ÀÌ ºÎ´ãÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù°í ¹àÇû´Ù.

·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿ë ¿øÀÚ·ÎÀÎ BOR-60Àº ¸ð½ºÅ©¹Ù·ÎºÎÅÍ ³²µ¿ÂÊÀ¸·Î ¾à 1,300km ¶³¾îÁø µð¹ÌÆ®·Îºê±×¶óµå(Dimitrovgrad) ¼ÒÀç ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ±¹¸³ °úÇÐ ¿¬±¸ ¼¾ÅÍÀÎ RIAR(Research Institute of Atomic Reactors)¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿øÀڷδ 1969³â °¡µ¿À» °³½ÃÇß°í, Àç·á ¿¬±¸, ÇÙ¿¬·á °³¹ß ¹× ¹æ»ç¼º µ¿À§¿ø¼ÒÀÇ »ý»ê ¿ëµµ·Î¼­ ÇöÀçµµ °¡µ¿µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

¹Ì±¹°ú ·¯½Ã¾Æ °£ ÇùÁ¤Àº ¾ç±¹ÀÇ ¿¬±¸±â°üµéÀÌ ¿øÀÚ·Â ±â¼ú, ÇÙ ºñÈ®»ê, ±âÃÊ ¹× ÀÀ¿ë °úÇÐ, ¿¡³ÊÁö, ȯ°æ µî ±¤¹üÀ§ ¿µ¿ª¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çù·Â ü°è¸¦ ±¸ÃàÇϴµ¥ Æø³ÐÀº ±âȸ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù°í ·Î»çÅèÀº ¹àÇû´Ù. ¾ç±¹ÀÇ À̹ø ÇùÁ¤Àº IAEAÀÇ ÃÑȸ°¡ ¿­¸° ºñ¿£³ª¿¡¼­ ¹Ì±¹ DOE ¹× ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ·Î»çÅè ¼öÀåµéÀÌ È¸µ¿ÇÑ °¡¿îµ¥ 9¿ù 16ÀÏ ¼­¸íµÇ¾ú´Ù.
 
ÀÌ´Â 2011³â 1¿ù¿¡ ¹ßÈ¿µÈ ¡®¿øÀÚ·Â ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ ÆòÈ­Àû È°¿ë ºÎ¹®¿¡¼­ ¹Ì±¹-·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÇ Çù·Â ÇùÁ¤¡¯(U.S. - Russian Agreement for Cooperation in the Field of Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy)ÀÇ ¿¬Àå¼±»ó¿¡¼­ ¼­¸íµÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î¼­ ¿øÀÚ·Â ºÎ¹®ÀÇ ±¤¹üÀ§ À̽´µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÆòÈ­Àû Á¤º¸±³È¯ ¹× °øµ¿ ¿¬±¸ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¿¡¼­ ¾ç±¹ÀÇ Çù·ÂÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

DOEÀÇ ¸ð´ÏÁî Àå°üÀº À̹ø ¹Ì±¹-·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ÇùÁ¤Àº ¿À¹Ù¸¶ Á¤±ÇÀÌ ±¹Á¤¿¡¼­ ¿ì¼±±ÇÀ» µÎ°í ÀÖ´Â ÇÙ ºñÈ®»ê ¹× ±âÈĺ¯È­ ´ëó¿Í °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ¾ç±¹ÀÌ °úÇÐÀû Çù·ÂÀÇ ÀåÀ» ¸¶·ÃÇÏ°í, °ü°è¸¦ Á¤¸³Çϱâ À§ÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ°í, ¾ç±¹ÀÌ ¿øÀÚ·Â ¿¡³ÊÁö ¹× ÇÙ ¾Èº¸¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ½Ã±ÞÇÑ Çö¾ÈÀ» ÇؼÒÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ÃֽŠ±â¼úÀÇ °øµ¿ °³¹ß¿¡ ¿ªÁ¡À» µÑ °ÍÀ̶ó°í µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù.

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1993³â ¹Ì±¹°ú ·¯½Ã¾Æ Á¤ºÎ´Â ÇÙ ¹«ÀåÀ» ÇØÁ¦ÇÏ°í, ±º»ç¿ë Àç°í¸¦ °¨ÃàÇÏ´Â ÀÏȯÀ¸·Î 20³â¿¡ °ÉÃÄ 500Åæ¿¡ À̸£´Â ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÇ À׿© °í³óÃà ¿ì¶ó´½(surplus HEU)À» ¹Ì±¹ÀÌ »çµéÀδٴ 1993 ÇùÁ¤(1993 agreement)¿¡ ¼­¸íÇÑ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹°ú ·¯½Ã¾Æ »çÀÌ¿¡ ü°áµÈ ¹«±â±Þ °í³óÃà ¿ì¶ó´½ÀÇ Èñ¼®È­ °ü·Ã ÇùÁ¤Àº 2013³â ¸»¿¡ Á¾·áµÈ´Ù. Èñ¼®µÈ Àú³óÃà ¿ì¶ó´½ÀÇ °æ¿ì ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ¹Î¼ö¿ë ¿øÀüÀÇ ÇÙ¿¬·á·Î »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¹Ì±¹ÀÌ Àü·® ±¸¸ÅÇß°í, ¹Ì±¹Àº ¾ç±¹ÀÇ ÇùÁ¤¿¡ µû¶ó °í³óÃà ¿ì¶ó´½À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Èñ¼®µÈ ¿ì¶ó´½ÀÇ ¾ç¸¸Å­ õ¿¬ ¿ì¶ó´½À» ·¯½Ã¾Æ¿¡ Á¦°øÇÑ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù.

°í³óÃà ¿ì¶ó´½(HEU) ÇùÁ¤À¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¶§·Î´Â ¡®¸Þ°¡Åæ¿¡¼­ ¸Þ°¡¿ÍÆ®·Î(Megatons to Megawatts)¡¯·Îµµ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº ¹Ì±¹ ¹× ·¯½Ã¾Æ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ÀÌÇà±â°üÀÎ ¹Ì±¹ ¿ì¶ó´½ ³óÃàȸ»ç, USEC(US Enrichment Corporation)¿Í ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÇ Techsnabexport (Tenex) »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ü°áµÈ 1994 °è¾à¿¡ µû¶ó ÀÌÇàµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù(URL 2). ¹Ì±¹°ú ·¯½Ã¾Æ´Â 1993 ÇùÁ¤ ÇÏ¿¡¼­ ÀÌÇàµÈ, ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÇ °í³óÃà ¿ì¶ó´½ 500ÅæÀÇ ¹Î¼ö¿ë º¯È¯ ¹× ¹Ì±¹À¸·ÎÀÇ ÃÖÁ¾ ¼±Àû°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ±Ý³â ÇϹݱ⿡ ¼ö¼Û ±â³ä½ÄÀ» °¡Áú ¿¹Á¤ÀÌ´Ù.
                                                 [Ãâó : KISTI ¹Ì¸®¾È(http://mirian.kisti.re.kr) ¡º±Û·Î¹úµ¿Çâºê¸®ÇÎ(GTB)¡»2013. 09. 20]

[¿ø¹®º¸±â]
 
Russia and USA sign agreement to further cooperate in nuclear R&D
 
 
Russian state atomic energy corporation, Rosatom, and the US Department of Energy (DOE) have signed an agreement to cooperate in nuclear energy research and development, and security.

The R&D agreement covers cooperation in civil nuclear power, including nuclear power plant and reactor fuel design, nuclear and radiation technologies, and radioactive waste management. Special attention will be paid to non-proliferation as well as nuclear and radiation safety, Rosatom said.
 
According to DOE potential projects covered by the agreement could include international safeguards, establishment of a Multi-Purpose Fast Research Reactor International Research Center, irradiation of fuels and materials in the fast-spectrum research reactor BOR-60, and defence from asteroids, among others.
 
The United States and Russia are equal partners under the agreement, with each country bearing its own costs, DOE said.

Rosatom said the agreement offers "broad opportunities" for establishing contacts between laboratories and institutes in Russia and the United States to carry out both applied and fundamental research into promising technologies.

The agreement was signed in Vienna on 16 September by Rosatom director general Sergey Kirienko and US secretary of Energy, Ernest Moniz on the sidelines of the International Atomic Energy Agency's General Conference.

It builds on the US-Russian agreement to cooperate in the peaceful use of nuclear energy, which game into force in January 2011.
 
[¿ø¹®Ãâó :http://www.neimagazine.com/news/newsrussia-and-usa-sign-agreement-to-further-cooperate-in-nuclear-rd] 
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