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[2014] [¹Ì±¹] ÁßÁõ ¼¼±Õ °¨¿°¿¡ ´ëÇ×ÇÏ´Â ÇØ¾ç ¼¼±ÕÀÇ ¹°Áú
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ÁßÁõ ¼¼±Õ °¨¿°ÁõÀº Àü¼¼°èÀÇ º¸°Ç ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» À§ÇùÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­µµ ¾à¹° ÀúÇ×¼º ¼¼±ÕÀÇ ¹ß»ýÀÌ ½ÉÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸°íµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
 
ƯÈ÷ ¾à¹° ÀúÇ×¼º Æ÷µµ»ó±¸±Õ(Staphylococcus aureus) °¨¿°¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ »ç¸ÁÀÚÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ°¡ AIDS »ç¸ÁÀÚº¸´Ù ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸°íµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
 
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »óȲÀÓ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í 1970³âºÎÅÍ 2000³â±îÁö´Â Æ÷µµ»ó±¸±ÕÀ» Ç¥ÀûÀ¸·Î »ï´Â »õ·Î¿î Ç×»ýÁ¦°¡ ½ÃÀå¿¡ Ãâ½ÃµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. À̹ø¿¡ µ§¸¶Å© ÄÚÆæÇÏ°Õ ´ëÇÐÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀÌ ¾à¹° ÀúÇ×¼º Æ÷µµ»ó±¸±Õ ÅðÄ¡¿¡ ±â´ëµÇ´Â ÇØ¾ç ¼¼±Õ¿¡ ±â¹ÝÇÑ »õ·Î¿î Ç×±Õ¹°ÁúÀÇ ¿¬±¸°á°ú¸¦ ¡®PLOS ONE¡¯ ÃÖ½ÅÈ£¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù.

À̹ø °á°ú´Â ÀÌµé ¾à¹° ÀúÇ×¼º Æ÷µµ»ó±¸±Õ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »õ·Î¿î Ç×»ýÁ¦ °³¹ß¿¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀ¸·Î ±â´ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÄÚÆæÇÏ°Õ´ëÇÐ ¼öÀÇÁúº´ »ý¹°ÇаúÀÇ Hanne Ingmer ±³¼ö¿Í ÇÔ²² À̹ø ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÁÖµµÇÑ Anita Nielsen ¹Ú»ç´Â ¡°¿ì¸®°¡ ºÐ¸®ÇÑ ÇØ¾ç ¼¼±Õ À¯·¡ ¹°ÁúÀº Æ÷µµ»ó±¸±ÕÀÌ ¸é¿ª°è¸¦ Æı«½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇÏ¿© ¸¸µé¾î³»´Â µ¶¼Ò³ª ¸é¿ª°è¸¦ ȸÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¸¸µé¾î³»´Â À§Àå¿ë ´Ü¹éÁúÀ» »ý»êÇÏ´Â ´É·ÂÀ» Â÷´ÜÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.
 
µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÀÌ ¹°ÁúÀº Æ÷µµ»ó±¸±ÕÀÌ ¼ûÁ×ÀÌ°í ÀÖ´Ù°¡ ÀϽÿ¡ µ¶¼ºÀ» ¹ßÈÖÇϱâ À§ÇÑ Á¤Á·¼ö ÀνÄ(quorum sensing)À̶ó´Â º¹ÀâÇÑ ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅë ½Ã½ºÅÛµµ ¸¶ºñ½ÃÅ°´Â È¿°ú¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³Â´Ù¡±°í ¼³¸íÇß´Ù.

Æ÷µµ»ó±¸±ÕÀº ÇÇºÎ¿Í ¿¬Á¶Á÷¿¡ °í¸§Áý(pus)À» Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â ÁÖ¿ä ¿øÀÎÀ̸ç, °¨¿°¼º ½ÉÀåÁúȯÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ¿øÀÎÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í º´¿ø ȹµæ °¨¿°(hospital-acquired infection)ÀÇ Ã¹ ¹ø° ¿øÀÎÀ̸ç, ½ÄÇ°À» ¸Å°³·Î ÇÑ Àü¿°º´ÀÇ 4´ë ¿øÀÎ Áß ÇϳªÀ̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù.
 
´õ¿íÀÌ º´¿ø°ú Áö¿ª»çȸ¿¡¼­´Â Ç×»ýÁ¦ ÀúÇ×¼º Æ÷µµ»ó±¸±Õ(¿¹: MRSA)ÀÌ °è¼Ó Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 1940³â´ëºÎÅÍ Æ÷µµ»ó±¸±ÕÀº Àü¼¼°è º´¿ø¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä °¨¿°ÁõÀ¸·Î ºÎ°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¶§¹®¿¡ Àü¼¼°èÀÇ ¸¹Àº Á¦¾à±â¾÷µéÀÌ À̸¦ ÅðÄ¡Çϱâ À§ÇÑ »õ·Î¿î Ç×»ýÁ¦ °³¹ßÀ» ÃßÁøÇØ¿Ô´Ù.
 
±×·¯³ª »õ·Î¿î Ç×»ýÁ¦ ½Å¾àÀÌ °³¹ßµÇ°í ¾ó¸¶ Áö³ªÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¼­ ´Ù½Ã Ç×»ýÁ¦ ÀúÇ×¼ºÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦°¡ Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª°í ÀÖ´Ù.

¹Ì±¹ °¨¿°Áúȯ ÇÐȸ(Infectious Disease Society)¿¡ µû¸£¸é 1974³âÀÇ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Æ÷µµ»ó±¸±Õ °¨¿°¿¡¼­ Ç×»ýÁ¦ ÀúÇ×¼º±Õ ºñÀ²Àº 2%¿´Áö¸¸, 2004³â¿¡´Â 63%·Î ±ÞµîÇß´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ Áúº´ÅëÁ¦ ¿¹¹æ¼¾ÅÍ(U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ Æ÷µµ»ó±¸±Õ °¨¿°À¸·Î »ç¸ÁÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ AIDS·Î »ç¸ÁÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷º¸´Ù ¸¹´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.
 
Æ÷µµ»ó±¸±ÕÀÌ Ç÷·ù·Î È®»êµÇ¸é ÆÐÇ÷Áõ°ú °°Àº ¸ñ¼ûÀ» À§ÇùÇÏ´Â Áõ»óÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ ÆÐÇ÷ÁõÀº Áö³­ 10³â°£ 91.3%³ª Áõ°¡ÇßÀ¸¸ç ¿ÃÇØ¿¡ 25¸¸ ¸íÀÇ ¸ñ¼ûÀ» ¾Ñ¾Æ°¥ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹ÃøµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇöÀç·Î¼­ Æ÷µµ»ó±¸±ÕÀÇ Ç×»ýÁ¦ ³»¼º ȹµæÀº ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇØ º¸ÀÌÁö¸¸, ¸¶¶¥ÇÑ ´ëÃ¥ÀÌ ¾ø´Â ÇüÆíÀÌ´Ù.

À̹ø ¿¬±¸´Â ÄÚÆæÇÏ°Õ ´ëÇаú µ§¸¶Å© ±â¼ú´ëÇÐÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀÌ Çù·ÂÇÏ¿© ÁøÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. Ç׺´µ¶¼º(antivirulence therapy) ¿ä¹ýÁ¦¶ó´Â »õ·Î¿î ÇüÅÂÀÇ Ä¡·áÁ¦¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃá À̹ø ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â ÇØ¾ç ¼¼±Õ¿¡¼­ Æ÷µµ»ó±¸±ÕÀ» ÀúÇØÇÏ´Â ¹°ÁúÀ» ã´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸ñÇ¥¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.
 
Ç׺´µ¶¼º ¿ä¹ýÀº ÀÎüÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ ¼¼±ÕÃÑ(bacterial flora)Àº º¸È£Çϸ鼭µµ Æ÷µµ»ó±¸±Õ°ú °°Àº °¨¿°¼º ¼¼±ÕÀº ¹«ÀåÇØÁ¦½ÃÅ°´Â »õ·Î¿î ¹æ½ÄÀ̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¹æ½ÄÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ÀÎüÀÇ ¸é¿ª°è´Â °¨¿°ÁõÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» º¸È£ÇÒ ±âȸ¸¦ Á¦°ø¹Þ°Ô µÈ´Ù. Àå±âÀûÀ¸·Îµµ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Ä¡·á ¹æ¹ýÀº À§ÁßÇϳª ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ´ú ¹ß»ý½Ãų °ÍÀ¸·Î ±â´ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº 2006³â 8¿ùºÎÅÍ 2007³â 4¿ù±îÁö Àü¼¼°è¿¡¼­ ÁøÇàµÈ Galathea 3 Ž»ç(Galahea 3 Expedition)¿¡¼­ ¼öÁýµÈ ÇØ¾ç ¼¼±Õ¿¡¼­ ¹°ÁúÀ» ÃßÃâÇÏ°í ºÐ¼®Çß´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. À̵é Áß¿¡¼­ ¼Ö·Î¸ó ±ºµµ Àαٿ¡¼­ ¼öÁýµÈ Photobacterium halotolerans¶ó´Â ÇØ¾ç ¼¼±Õ¿¡¼­ ºÐ¸®µÈ Solonamid B¶ó´Â cyclodepsipeptide °è¿­ÀÇ ¹°ÁúÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ Æ¯º°ÇÑ Æ¯¼ºÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.
 
Hanne Ingmer ±³¼ö´Â ¡°Solonamid B´Â Æ÷µµ»ó±¸±ÕÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Ç÷¾×¼¼Æ÷µéÀ» °íÀå³»±â À§ÇÏ¿© ¸¸µé¾î³»´Â ¿©·¯ µ¶¼ÒµéÀ» »ý»êÇÏ´Â ´É·ÂÀ» ÀúÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸é¿ª°è¿¡¼­ ¹éÇ÷±¸´Â ħÀÔÇÑ ¼¼±Õ¿¡ ´ëÇ×Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. Solonamid B¸¦ Æ÷µµ»ó±¸±Õ¿¡ ó¸®ÇßÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â µ¶¼Ò »ý»ê ´É·ÂÀÌ °¨¼ÒÇÏ¿©¼­ ¹éÇ÷±¸°¡ »ç¸êµÇ´Â ºñÀ²ÀÌ Àý¹Ý ÀÌÇÏ·Î °¨¼ÒÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù¡±°í ¼³¸íÇß´Ù.

Solonamide B´Â Á¤Á·¼ö ÀνĿ¡¼­ ÇÙ½É È¿°úü ºÐÀÚÀÎ RNAIIIÀÇ ¹ßÇöÀ» È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î ÀúÇØÇÏ¿´´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ ¹°ÁúÀº Æ÷µµ»ó±¸±ÕÀÌ Á¤Á·¼ö ÀνÄÀ» À§ÇÑ ÀÚ°¡À¯µµ ÆéŸÀ̵å(autoinducing peptide)ÀÇ °áÇÕµµ Â÷´ÜÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î È®ÀεǾú´Ù.
 
Æ÷µµ»ó±¸±ÕÀÌ »ý»êÇÏ´Â ¥á-hemolysin°ú PSMs(phenol soluble modulins) µîÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä º´¿ø¼º ÀÎÀÚµéÀÇ µ¶¼ºµµ Solonamide B°¡ 80%³ª °¨¼Ò½ÃÄ×´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. À̹ø ³í¹®¿¡¼­´Â Solonamid B¸¦ ºÐ¸®ÇÏ°í ÀÛ¿ë ¹æ½Äµµ ±Ô¸íÇßÁö¸¸, ÀÌ ¹°ÁúÀ» ½ÇÁ¦·Î Ç׺´µ¶¼º ¿ä¹ýÁ¦·Î ÀÌ¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ´õ ¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.
 
À̹ø ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ ¼¼Æ÷ ½ÃÇè¿¡ ÀÌ¿ëµÈ Solonamid BÀÇ ºÐ¸® Á¤Á¦¿Í µ¿Á¤Àº µ§¸¶Å© ±â¼ú´ëÇаúÀÇ Çù·ÂÀ» ÅëÇؼ­ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. µ§¸¶Å© ±â¼ú´ëÇÐÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÌ ¹°ÁúÀ» ºÐ¸®ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ÄÚÆæÇÏ°Õ ´ëÇÐÀÇ »ý¸®È°¼º ½ÃÇèÀ» ´ã´çÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¾ÕÀ¸·ÎÀÇ Ãß°¡ ½ÃÇè¿¡¼­´Â µ¿¹° ¹× »ç¶÷µéÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÀÌ ¹°ÁúÀÇ È¿°ú¸¦ ÀçÈ®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.
[Ãâó : KISTI ¹Ì¸®¾È(http://mirian.kisti.re.kr) ¡º±Û·Î¹úµ¿Çâºê¸®ÇÎ(GTB)¡»2014. 01. 14]
 
 
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Marine bacteria to fight tough infections
 
Aggressive infections are a growing health problem all over the world. The development of resistant bacteria is rampant and, in the United States, resistant staphylococci cause more deaths than AIDS on an annual basis. Researchers from the University of Copenhagen are studying a new form of treatment based on marine bacteria. The results have been published in PLOS ONE.
 
Staphylococci have been a big problem for hospitals all over the world since the 1940s and, for many years, the pharmaceutical industry has been able to develop new antibiotics to keep up with the emergence of the aggressive bacteria.
 
However, from 1970 to 2000, virtually no new antibiotics have come on the market. Staphylococci are gaining in the race – resistance is growing, and treatment options are few. In short, doctors have been set back to the time before penicillin was mass produced.
 
Research performed in collaboration between the University of Copenhagen and the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) focus on a new form of treatment – so-called antivirulence therapy – based on marine bacteria producing Staphylococcus inhibiting compounds.
 
"The marine compounds effectively inhibit the ability of staphylococci to form toxins and camouflage proteins that prevent our immune system from reacting to an infection. At the same time, marine compounds appear to paralyse a sophisticated communication system that provides staphylococci the opportunity to undertake a coordinated attack on the organism," says Anita Nielsen, PhD.
 
She has published new results in PLOS ONE with Professor Hanne Ingmer from the Department for Veterinary Disease Biology at the University of Copenhagen's Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences.
 
In the United States, resistant staphylococci cause more deaths than AIDS on an annual basis. Antivirulence therapy protects the body's natural bacterial flora and disarms, so to speak, infectious staphylococci bacteria.
 
In this way, the body's immune system potentially gets a chance to defend itself against infection – and, in the long term, this form of treatment can mean that patients experience fewer harmful side effects.
 
Potent compound from the Solomon Islands
 
The researchers have analysed compounds extracted from marine bacteria collected from all over the world on the Galathea 3 expedition, which took place from August 2006 until April 2007. One particular compound, Solonamid B, isolated from a marine bacterium found near the Solomon Islands, is of particular interest.
 
"Solonamid B inhibits the ability of staphylococci to produce various toxins that break down our blood cells. White blood cells in particular are important in this context, because they participate in the fight against invasive bacteria during an infection.
 
When Solonamid B is added to bacteria, it reduces their toxin production so only a fifth of the white blood cells die that would otherwise succumb to the staphylococci toxins," says Professor Hanne Ingmer.
 
It has required demanding laboratory work to analyse the compounds that can form the basis for antivirulence therapy in the future.
 
Purification and identification of the Solonamid B used for the cell studies were undertaken in collaboration with DTU. Researchers at DTU extracted the compounds that researchers at University of Copenhagen subsequently tested biologically.
 
Future experiments will show whether the antivirulence compounds also work in animals and human beings.
 
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