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[Ãâó : KISTI ¹Ì¸®¾È(http://mirian.kisti.re.kr) ¡º±Û·Î¹úµ¿Çâºê¸®ÇÎ(GTB)¡»2014. 01. 24]
 
 
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New surface treatment stops scale buildup
 
Scale, as these deposits are known, causes inefficiencies, downtime, and maintenance issues. In the oil and gas industry, scale has sometimes led to the complete shutdown, at least temporarily, of operating wells. So addressing this problem could have a big payoff.
 
Now a team of researchers at MIT has come up with a potential solution to this huge but little-recognized problem. A new kind of treatment—involving nanoscale texturing of the surface, which is then coated with a lubricating liquid—can reduce the rate of scale formation at least tenfold, they have found.
 
The findings are reported this week in a paper in the journal Advanced Materials Interfaces written by graduate student Srinivas Subramanyam, postdoc Gisele Azimi, and Kripa Varanasi, the Doherty Associate Professor of Ocean Utilization in MIT's Department of Mechanical Engineering.
 
"You can see [scale] pretty much everywhere," Varanasi says. In the home, these deposits are mostly an annoyance, but in industry they can cause "lost productivity, and the ways of removing [them] can be environmentally harmful," typically involving the use of harsh chemicals.
 
And in power plants and desalination plants, scale can cause significant efficiency losses, because it acts as a thermal barrier that impairs cooling or condensing in .
 
The problem arises because water often contains large amounts of dissolved salts and minerals. The ability of water to dissolve these materials depends on solubility, so if the water cools or evaporates, the solution may become supersaturated: It contains more of the dissolved material than it can accommodate, so some begins to precipitate out.
 
It's the same principle that causes fogging on a cold glass when warm, moist air cools suddenly as it meets a cooler surface.
 
For the most part, engineers have dealt with the problem by overdesigning systems, Varanasi says: using pipes that are much larger than needed, for example, in anticipation of the partial blockages that scaling will cause, or a larger surface area, in the case of heat exchangers.
 
The problem is far from new, Subramanyam points out: "Cooking pots from ancient times have this buildup," he says. "We don't have good solutions yet."
 
Though it remains to be proven on an industrial scale, the new approach developed by the MIT team could make a significant difference in the rate of scale formation, and in many situations may prevent it altogether.
 
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