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[2014] [¸ß½ÃÄÚ¸¸] µö¿öÅÍ È£¶óÀÌÁð ¿ÀÀÏ À¯Ãâ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀ» ÃßÀûÇÏ´Â ÇÙ½É ±Ô¸í
À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2014.08.25 Á¶È¸¼ö 395
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[¸ß½ÃÄÚ¸¸] µö¿öÅÍ È£¶óÀÌÁð ¿ÀÀÏ À¯Ãâ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀ» ÃßÀûÇÏ´Â ÇÙ½É ±Ô¸í

»õ·Î¿î ¿¬±¸´Â µö¿öÅÍ È£¶óÀÌÁð ¿ÀÀÏ À¯Ãâ(Deepwater Horizon oil spill) Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ ÇØ¾ç ¼øȯ À¯Çü(ocean circulation pattern)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ¿¬±¸´Â »ó´çÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â ¼Ò±Ô¸ð ÇØ·ù(small-scale ocean current)°¡ ¿À¿°¹°Áú È®»ê¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÑ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ±Ô¸íÇß´Ù. µ¿ ¿¬±¸ °á°ú´Â Çؾ翡¼­ ¿ÀÀÏ°ú ´Ù¸¥ ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀÇ À̵¿À» ¿¹ÃøÇϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »õ·Î¿î Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

µö¿öÅÍ È£¶óÀÌÁð »ç°í ÈÄ ¾à 2³âÀÌ °æ°úÇßÀ¸¸ç, ¹Ì±¹ ¸¶Àָ̾Š´ëÇÐ(UM; University of Miami) Rosenstiel ÇØ¾ç ¹× ´ë±â °úÇдëÇÐ(Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science)À» ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â CARTHE(Consortium for Advanced Research on Transport of Hydrocarbon in the Environment) ¼Ò¼ÓÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº 100 ¹ÌÅÍ¿¡¼­ 100 ų·Î¹ÌÅÍ ¹üÀ§ÀÇ ¼Ò±Ô¸ð ÇØ·ù¸¦ ¿¬±¸Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¸ß½ÃÄÚ ¸¸ ºÏºÎ ¿ÀÀÏ À¯Ãâ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ À¯¸Á ¾î¼± ½ÇÇè(drifter experiment)À» ¼öÇàÇß´Ù.

ÇØ¾ç ¿À¿° ºÐ»ê(dispersion of oceanic contamination)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å·ÚÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿¹ÃøÀº 2010³â ¸ß½ÃÄÚ ¸¸ µöÈ£¶óÀÌÁð ¿ÀÀÏ À¯Ãâ°ú 2011³â ÅÂÆò¾ç¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇß´ø ÈÄÄí½Ã¸¶ ¿øÀÚ·Â ¹ßÀü¼Ò »ç°í µî¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Áõ¸íµÈ °æÁ¦, ÇØ¾ç »ýÅÂ°è ¹× »çȸ µî¿¡ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. Çؾç Ç¥¸é¿¡¼­ ¿À¿°¹°Áú °æ·Î¿Í ³óµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤È®ÇÑ ¿¹ÃøÀº °ø°£Àû ±Ô¸ðÀÇ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ¿µ¿ª¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ÇØ¾ç ¿ªÇÐÀÇ ÀÌÇظ¦ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù. ÁØ Áß°£ ±Ô¸ð(submesoscale, 100 ¹ÌÅÍ¿¡¼­ ¼ö½Ê ų·Î¹ÌÅÍ, ½Ã°£ ¹× ¸çÄ¥¿¡ À̸£´Â)¿¡¼­ ¼Óµµ Àå(velocity field)ÀÇ ±¸Á¶¸¦ °í·ÁÇÏ´Â ±âº»ÀûÀÎ Àǹ®ÀÌ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±Ô¸ð¿¡¼­ ±â»ó ÃøÁ¤ÀÇ °á¿©·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ÇØ°áµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ä ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù.

Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ÃßÀûµÇ´Â Ç¥¸é À¯¸Á ¾î¼±(surface drifter) ¼ö¹é ´ë¸¦ °ÅÀÇ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¹æÃâÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Á¦°øµÇ´Â °íºóµµ À§Ä¡ ÀڷḦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿©, ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ¸ß½ÃÄÚ ¸¸ ºÏºÎ¿¡¼­ ÁØ Áß°£ ±Ô¸ð Ç¥¸é ¼Óµµ º¯È­ÀÇ ±¸Á¶¸¦ ¿¬±¸Çß´Ù. °üÃøµÈ 2 ÁöÁ¡ Åë°èÄ¡´Â 200 ¹ÌÅÍ~50 ų·Î¹ÌÅÍ ±Ô¸ð¿¡¼­ °íÀüÀûÀÎ ±³¶õ ±Ô¸ð ¹ýÄ¢(turbulence scaling laws)ÀÇ Á¤È®¼ºÀ» È®ÀÎÇßÀ¸¸ç, ÁØ Áß°£ ±Ô¸ð¿¡¼­ ºÐ»êÀÌ ¿¡³ÊÁö Ãø¸éÀÇ ÁØ Áß°£ ±Ô¸ð º¯µ¿¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¿ì¼¼ÇÏ°Ô Áö¿ªÀûÀ¸·Î À¯¹ßµÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ï½ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

¿¬±¸ÁøÀÇ °á°ú´Â 10ų·Î¹ÌÅÍ ÀÌÇÏÀÇ ¼Ò±Ô¸ð Çؾç È帧ÀÌ ¿À¿°¹°Áú ±¸¸§(pollutant clouds)ÀÇ Ãʱâ È®»êÀ» Á¦¾îÇϱâ À§ÇÑ »ó´çÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö º¯µ¿(energy fluctuation)À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿© ÁÖ¾ú´Ù°í CARTHE Ã¥ÀÓÀÚÀÌ¸ç ¸¶ÀÌ¾Ö¹Ì ´ëÇÐ ¼Ò¼ÓÀÇ ±³¼öÀÎ Tamay ÖzgökmenÀº ¹àÇû´Ù. ÇöÀç ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼Ò½ÇµÈ ÆÛÁñ Á¶°¢À» Á¤·®È­ÇÏ¿©, ¹Ì·¡ ¿ÀÀÏ À¯Ãâ(oil spill) »ç°Ç¿¡¼­ ½Ç½Ã°£ ¿¹Ãø ¿ª·®À» °³¼±ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÖzgökmenÀº ¹àÇû´Ù.

GLAD(Grand Lagrangian Deployment)¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â 12ÀÏ ÇØ¾ç ½ÇÇè µ¿¾È, ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº ¸¶ÀÌ¾Ö¹Ì ´ëÇÐ ¿¬±¸¿ë ¼±¹ÚÀÎ F.G. Walton SmithÈ£¿¡¼­ 300°³ÀÇ GPS°¡ ±¸ºñµÈ ¸ÂÃã Á¦ÀÛµÈ À¯¸Á ¾î¼±À» ³»·Á¼­ ¹èÄ¡Çß´Ù. À¯¸Á ¾î¼±ÀÌ ¹èÄ¡µÈ Àå¼Ò´Â ´ë·úºØ ÇØ·ù(continental shelf current)°¡ ºÎ·ÂÀ¸·Î À¯¹ßµÇ´Â ¹Ì½Ã½ÃÇÇ °­ À¯Ãâ ÇØ·ù(outflow currents)¿Í ¸ß½ÃÄÚ ¸¸ ±íÀº ȸ¿À¸®¿¡¼­ À¯¹ßµÇ´Â ÇØ·ù°¡ È¥ÇյǴ °÷ÀÌ´Ù. À¯¸Á ¾î¼±Àº µö¿öÅÍ È£¶óÀÌÁð ¿ÀÀÏ À¯Ãâ Áö¿ªÀÎ µ¥¼ÒÅä ÇØÇù(DeSoto Canyon)¿¡¼­ ¹Ù¶÷°ú Æĵµ Á¸Àç ÇÏ¿¡¼­ »óÃþ ÇØ¾ç ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ÙÂ÷¿ø ±×¸²À» Æ÷ȹÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¹èÄ¡µÇ¾î ¼ö°³¿ù µ¿¾È ¸ß½ÃÄÚ ¸¸ ÇØ·ù¸¦ µû¶ó Èê·¯°¬´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¸¹Àº À¯¸Á ¾î¼±À» ¹èÄ¡ÇÏ´Â ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ½ÇÇèÀÌ´Ù. À¯¸Á ¾î¼±ÀÌ ¾îµð·Î Èê·¯°¡´Â°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ·á´Â 5ºÐ¸¶´Ù È®ÀεƴÙ.

ÀΰøÀ§¼ºÀ» ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â °íµµ°è ÃøÁ¤ ¶Ç´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¼øȯ ¸ðµ¨¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¿¡ Æ÷ÂøµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¼Ò±Ô¸ð ¼øȯ(small-scale circulation)À» Á¤·®È­ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ñÇ¥·Î ÇÏ´Â ÀÌ ¿¬±¸´Â ¿øÀÚ·Â ¹ßÀü¼Ò »ç°í ¶Ç´Â ¹Ì·¡ ¿ÀÀÏ À¯Ãâ µî°ú °°Àº ºñ±ØÀûÀÎ ¿À¿°¹°Áú »ç°íÀÇ °æ·Î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹ÃøÀ» °³¼±ÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÖ´Â Áï°¢ÀûÀÎ ½Ç¿ëÀû ÀÀ¿ëÀ» °¡Áø´Ù. °á°ú´Â ÇØ¾ç ¼øȯ ¸ðµ¨¿¡¼­ ÇöÀç °í·ÁµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â »ó´çÇÑ È®»ê ÆÐÅÏ(dispersion pattern)¿¡ °üÇÑ »õ·Î¿î Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù°í ÀúÀÚµéÀº ¹àÇû´Ù.

¿¬±¸ °á°ú´Â Çؾç Ç¥¸é ¼Óµµ ÀåÀÇ °ø°£Àû °¡º¯¼ºÀÇ ±â»ó °üÃøÀ» Á¦°øÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ´ë±Ô¸ð À¯¸Á ¾î¼±ÀÇ ¹èÄ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÇÇö °¡´É¼º°ú À¯¿ë¼ºÀ» Áõ¸íÇß´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ÇöÀç ¿î¿µµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ¼øȯ ¸ðµ¨°ú ÀΰøÀ§¼º °íµµ°è¿¡¼­ À¯·¡ÇÑ ¼Óµµ Àå¿¡¼­ ¼Ò½ÇµÈ ÁØ Áß°£ ±Ô¸ð¿¡¼­ À¯¹ßµÈ ºÐ»êÀÇ Á¤·®È­¸¦ ±¸ÇöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

ÀÌ ½ÇÇèÀº ¿ÀÀÏÀÌ ¾îµð·Î °¥ °ÍÀΰ¡? ¿ÀÀÏÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ºü¸£°Ô µµ´ÞÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡? µî°ú °°Àº ¸ðµç ÁÖ¿ä ¿ÀÀÏ À¯Ãâ¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â Áú¹®¿¡ ÇØ´äÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÙ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÖzgökmenÀº ¹àÇû´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °úÁ¤Àº ¿ÀÀÏ À¯ÃâÀÇ ÀüüÀûÀÎ »çȸ °æÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÏ°í Á¦ÇÑµÈ ¹ÝÀÀ Àç¿ø(response resources)À» ÇÒ´çÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÒ ¶§ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ÖzgökmenÀº ¹àÇû´Ù.

±×¸²1> 2012³â 7¿ù 300°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ GPS¸¦ ±¸ºñÇÑ Ç¥¸é ÇØ·ù À¯¸Á ¾î¼±À» µö¿öÅÍ È£¶óÀÌÁð ¿ÀÀÏ À¯ÃâÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇß´ø ¸ß½ÃÄÚ ¸¸ Àαٿ¡ ¹èÄ¡ÇÑ CARTHE ¿¬±¸Áø.
±×¸²2> ÀÌ À̹ÌÁö´Â GLAD(Grand Lagrangian Deployment) ½ÇÇèÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â µ¿¾È µö¿öÅÍ È£¶óÀÌÁð ¿ÀÀÏ À¯Ãâ Áö¿ª Àαٿ¡¼­ ¹æÃâµÈ ÈÄ ¾à 4°³¿ù µ¿¾È ÃßÀûµÈ À¯¸Á ¾î¼±ÀÇ ±Ëµµ¸¦ º¸¿© ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

[Ãâó = KISTI ¹Ì¸®¾È ¡º±Û·Î¹úµ¿Çâºê¸®ÇΡ»/ 2014³â 8¿ù 25ÀÏ]

[¿ø¹®º¸±â]

Study at Deepwater Horizon spill site finds key to tracking pollutants

A new study of the ocean circulation patterns at the site of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill reveals the significant role small-scale ocean currents play in the spread of pollutants. The findings provide new information to help predict the movements of oil and other pollutants in the ocean.

Nearly two years to the day after the Deepwater Horizon incident, scientists from the Consortium for Advanced Research on Transport of Hydrocarbon in the Environment (CARTHE), based at the University of Miami (UM) Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, conducted a drifter experiment in the northern Gulf of Mexico spill site to study small-scale ocean currents ranging from 100 meters to 100 kilometers.

"Our results conclusively show that ocean flows at small scales, below 10 kilometers, contain significant energy fluctuations to control the initial spread of pollutant clouds," said UM Rosenstiel School Professor and CARTHE Director Tamay Özgökmen. "Now that we have quantified this missing piece of the puzzle, we can improve our real-time predictive capabilities in the event of a future oil spill."


During the 12-day at-sea experiment called GLAD (Grand Lagrangian Deployment), the research team deployed 300 GPS-equipped custom drifters off the UM Rosenstiel School research vessel F.G. Walton Smith in a region where wind-driven continental shelf currents mix with buoyancy-driven Mississippi River outflow currents and deep eddy-driven currents in the Gulf of Mexico. The drifters flowed along the Gulf of Mexico currents for several months post deployment to capture a multi-dimensional picture of the upper-ocean movements in the presence of wind and waves at DeSoto Canyon, the site of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. This was the first experiment to deploy so many drifters at once. Data about their whereabouts was retrieved every five minutes.

The study, aimed at quantifying the small-scale circulation that cannot be captured by satellite-based altimeter measurements or general circulation models, has immediate practical applications to help better predict the path of catastrophic pollutant events, such as from future oil spills or nuclear disaster events. The results provide new information about the significant dispersion patterns currently un-accounted for in ocean circulation models, according to the authors.

"This experiment is helping to answers questions that arise in all major oil spills, such as 'where will the oil go?' and 'how fast will it get there?' which are important when allocating limited response resources and to determine the overall socio-economic impact of the spill," said Özgökmen.


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