[미국] 미시시피강 유역의 영양분 오염 절감을 위해 협력

미국 물 연합(U.S. Water Alliance)이 미시시피강의 영양분 오염 절감을 위한 수질 및 폐수 시설과 농업간의 혁신적인 전략과 공통점에 주목한 보고서를 출간했다고 밝혔다. 이 보고서는 농업의 권고와 논고, 수질과 식수 기업의 환경 사업 동참, 학술 및 과학, 지역, 주 연방 기관의 관심에 대해 서술하고 있다.

미국 물 연합의 대표 Ben Grumbles는 " 지역사회와 수로는 농장과 유역 시설의 운영과 함께 성장했으며""영양분 다이얼로그는 협력과 혁신을 통한 수자원을 회복하고 비용 문제 개선을 위해 깨끗하고 안전한 물 정화 코스를 기록한다."고 밝혔다.

the U.S. Water Alliance issued a report highlighting common ground and innovative strategies between agriculture and water and wastewater utilities to reduce nutrient pollution in the Mississippi River Basin. The report, titled "Coming Together to Protect Mississippi River Watersheds: Agriculture and Water Sector Collaboration for Nutrient Progress", embodies the discussions and recommendations of agriculture, wastewater and drinking water leaders with participation from environmental, business, academic and scientific, local, state, and Federal agency interests.

"Communities and waterways thrive when farms and watershed utilities work together," said Ben Grumbles, president of the U.S. Water Alliance. "The Nutrient Dialogues chart a clearer course to clean and safe water through sustained collaboration and innovation so that valuable resources are recovered and costly problems are prevented. This is the missing ingredient that builds on the success of important environmental regulations."

Participants met frequently between March 2013 and February 2014 in cities and towns across the Upper and Middle Mississippi River Basin to build trust and understanding. The starting place for the Mississippi River Nutrient Dialogues was common recognition that current point-source regulation under the Clean Water Act (CWA) and non-point source voluntary efforts to manage nutrient loadings are not achieving the reductions needed for a healthy, vibrant River Basin and Gulf.

The report noted, "Though there were considerable differences of view within the group about the sources of excess nutrients and the extent of the impacts, there was agreement that both the agriculture and water sectors stand to benefit from efforts to reduce the amount of nutrients leaving agricultural lands." Building on previous and ongoing broader efforts, participants in the Nutrient Dialogues worked closely together to identify opportunities for targeted, localized solutions based on new partnerships. Here are key strategies and recommendations from the report:

Expand Effective Watershed-Based Cooperative Leadership and Decision-Making: Locally-led watershed-scale initiatives should include watershed assessment, planning, monitoring, and projects to improve water quality that are supported by both the agriculture and water communities, as well as by other stakeholders. Key recommendations to advance this strategy are testing it through opportunities such as the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) new Regional Conservation Partnership Program, the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) new integrated planning initiative, and experimentation with watershed-based permitting.

Further Develop and Implement Market Mechanisms for Reducing Nutrients: This should build on and expand existing efforts, such as water quality trading, to provide cost-effective nutrient reductions to utilities, as well as additional revenue streams to agriculture through market-based payments for ecosystem services efforts. To help establish and expand markets, stakeholders should determine the magnitude and potential margin of water quality markets and identify opportunities to increase agriculture and water leaders' participation in creating such markets.

Improve Data, Monitoring, and Modeling to Support Decisions and Markets: Further data is needed both for producers to continually improve nutrient management and inform potential water sector investments, as well as partnerships with agriculture aimed at reducing nutrient pollution, including through payments for ecosystem services projects. To strengthen baseline assessments, monitoring and data aggregation, a wide range of partners should be engaged; monitoring should be linked to watershed-scale efforts; and improved, cheaper nutrient sensors should be developed.

Develop "Watershed Protection Utilities" -- Organizations Focused on Cost-Effective Results: These entities would raise funds and invest them in the lowest cost opportunities to address nutrient loading and other issues on behalf of the general public and key stakeholders. The concept integrates components from the other three areas to advance a statewide or regional strategy to reduce nutrient loading. The utility offers potential to blend the comparative advantages of the public and private sector to address these water quality issues at a larger scale with greater effectiveness.

The dialogues were prompted by the challenges of nutrient pollution facing the Mississippi River Basin, as well as communities and regions throughout the U.S., from the Great Lakes to the East and West Coasts. The report states that "high levels of nitrogen and phosphorous threaten human health, wildlife and plant populations, recreation opportunities, and livelihoods in communities and watersheds throughout the Mississippi River Basin."

The effort received financial and in-kind support from the McKnight Foundation, The Johnson Foundation at Wingspread, and Meridian Institute, with active engagement and support from representatives of agricultural and water-related utilities and organizations, environmental groups, state and federal government, and academic and scientific research organizations.

[출처 = Water World / 2014년 8월 22일]