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À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2014.10.16 Á¶È¸¼ö 677
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ÇÁ¶û½º ¶ó¿ì¿¡ ¶û°Ôºó(Laue-Langevin) ¿¬±¸¼ÒÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº C60 ºÐÀÚ¸¦ ´õ ÀÛÀº ¼ö¼Ò ºÐÀÚ ¾È¿¡ Áý¾î ³Ö´Â ½ÇÇèÀÌ ¼öÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ °á°ú´Â "Confirming a Predicted Selection Rule in Inelastic Neutron Scattering Spectroscopy: The Quantum Translator-Rotator H2 Entrapped Inside C60" ¶ó´Â Á¦¸ñÀ¸·Î Physical Review Letters Àú³Î¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ºÐÀÚ¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÈ ¾çÀÚ ¼±Åà ¹ýÄ¢À» óÀ½À¸·Î ¹àÇô³½ ½ÇÇèÀÌ´Ù.

ºñ½ÁÇÑ ±â¼úÀÌ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¿¬±¸Áø¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ »ç¿ëµÇ¾î C60 ÄÉÀÌÁö¸¦ °¡Áø ¹° ºÐÀÚµéÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ´ëĪ ºØ±« »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¬±¸ °á°ú´Â Áö³­´Þ "Symmetry-breaking in the endofullerene H2O@C60 revealed in the quantum dynamics of ortho and para-water: a neutron scattering investigation"À̶ó´Â Á¦¸ñÀ¸·Î Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics Àú³Î¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾ú´Ù.

÷´Ü ºÐÀÚ Á¦¾î ±â¼úÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ´õ ÀÛÀº ºÐÀÚ¸¦ Æ÷ȹÇϱâ À§ÇÑ C60°ú °°Àº Ç®·¯·»ÀÇ »ç¿ëÀº ÀÌ¹Ì Áö³­ 10³â µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­ ¸¹Àº ÁøÀüÀ» ÀÌ·ç¾ú´Ù. ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ º¹ÀâÇÑ È­ÇÐ ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ C60 ÄÉÀÌÁöÀÇ ±¸¸ÛÀ» ¿­±â¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´õ ÀÛÀº ºÐÀÚµéÀÌ ³ôÀº ¾Ð·ÂÀ¸·Î ÁÖÀÔµÇ¾î ¸·Èù ±¸Á¶¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. °á°úÀûÀÎ º¹ÀâÇÑ ±¸Á¶´Â ºÐ±¤ ±â¼úÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Æ÷ȹµÈ ºÐÀÚ¸¦ Á¶»çÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ ³ª³ë½ÇÇè½Ç ȯ°æÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ¿© ÁØ´Ù.

¿¬¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÔ»çµÇ´Â Áß¼ºÀÚ ºö¿¡ ½Ã·á¸¦ ³ëÃâ½ÃÅ´À¸·Î½á, ºÐÀÚµéÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö ÁØÀ§´Â Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ÃøÁ¤µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Áß¼ºÀÚ ÀÌ¿ëÀº ±×µéÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ Àڱ⠽ºÇÉ Æ¯¼º ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ·± Á¾·ùÀÇ ½ÇÇè¿¡´Â ¸Å¿ì ÀÌ»óÀûÀÌ´Ù. Áß¼ºÀÚ´Â ÀüÇÏ°¡ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¹°Áú ±í¼÷ÀÌ Ä§ÅõÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, µû¶ó¼­ Æ÷Åæ º¸´Ù ´õ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ÀüÀÌ ¿µ¿ªÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ¿© ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

Áß¼ºÀÚ »ê¶õ ½ÇÇèÀº ortho- ¼ö¼Ò¿Í para- ¼ö¼ÒÀÇ È¥ÇÕÀ¸·Î ¼öÇàµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç para-H2 ±âÀú »óÅ¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Â ±ÝÁöµÈ õÀÌÀÇ °³¼ö°¡ °á°úÀûÀÎ ½ºÆåÆ®·³¿¡¼­ ü°èÀûÀ¸·Î Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ºÐÀÚ ¼±Åà ¹ýÄ¢ÀÇ Á¸À縦 È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ºÐÀÚ È­ÇÕ¹°¿¡¼­´Â ¾î¶² ¼±Åà ¹ýÄ¢µµ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í ³Î¸® ¾Ë·ÁÁø ±âÁ¸ÀÇ °üÁ¡°ú´Â ¹èÄ¡µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ±×µéÀÇ ±¹Á¦ °øµ¿ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­ Àü¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î Èñ±ÍÇÏ°í µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ½Ã·á¸¦ ¿¬±¸ÇÏ¿© ¸Å¿ì ÀǹÌÀÖ´Â °á°ú¸¦ µµÃâÇÏ¿´´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀϺ»ÀÌ Ã³À½À¸·Î ¾î¶»°Ô C60À» ¿­ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¹Ì±¹ ´º¿åÀÇ ¿¬±¸Áø°ú °øµ¿À¸·Î ÀÌ·± ¾çÀÚ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ÀÌÇظ¦ Çâ»ó½ÃÄ×´Ù. ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ ¾çÀÇ ½Ã·á´Â Àü¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ³ôÀº ÇÁ¶û½º ¶û°Ôºó ¶ó¿ì¿¡ ¿¬±¸¼ÒÀÇ Áß¼ºÀÚ Ç÷°½º·Î ¿¬±¸µÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ½ÇÇèÀº ¸î ³â Àü¿¡´Â ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ¿´´ø ½ÇÇèÀ̾ú´Ù.

¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ±×µéÀÇ ½ÇÇèÀÌ ¼ö¼Ò¸¦ °í¸³½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ¿© ÁØ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ´ëĪÀº ÀÌ·ÐÀû °è»êÀ» ´õ ½±°Ô ¸¸µé¾îÁØ´Ù°í ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù. ±×¿Í °°ÀÌ Àß Á¤ÀÇµÈ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº Áö±Ý±îÁö´Â Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ¾çÀÚ ÀÌ·ÐÀ» Å×½ºÆ®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¶Ù¾î³­ Å×½ºÆ® ȯ°æÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ¿© ÁØ´Ù°í ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ¸»ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

ºñ½ÁÇÑ ½ÇÇèÀÌ ortho- ¹× para- ¹°·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø H2OÀÇ ÇüÅ·Π¼öÇàµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¹ß°ßµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´ø ortho-H2O ±âÀú »óÅÂÀÇ ºÐ¸®¸¦ ¹àÇô³»¾î C60 ÄÉÀÌÁö¿¡¼­ ºÐÀÚ°¡ °í¸³µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ´ëĪ ºØ±« »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ¹àÇô³»¾ú´Ù. ºÐÀÚ Á¦ÇÑ ¶Ç´Â ´õ ±ä ¿µ¿ªÀÇ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀÌ °üÃøµÈ ´ëĪ ºØ±«ÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÇ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ´õ ¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

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[¿ø¹®º¸±â]

Rare 'baby rattle' molecules reveal new quantum properties of H2O and H2
 
The experiments were carried out on endofullerenes, molecules of C60 into which smaller molecules of Hydrogen (H2) had been inserted. The results, published in Physical Review Letters ("Confirming a Predicted Selection Rule in Inelastic Neutron Scattering Spectroscopy: The Quantum Translator-Rotator H2 Entrapped Inside C60"), represent the first known example of a quantum selection rule found in a molecule.
Similar techniques were also used by the same team to uncover an exciting new symmetry-breaking interaction of water molecules with C60 cages, published last month in Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics ("Symmetry-breaking in the endofullerene H2O@C60 revealed in the quantum dynamics of ortho and para-water: a neutron scattering investigation").
 
The use of fullerenes such as C60 to trap smaller molecules, using cutting-edge molecular surgery techniques, was pioneered over the last decade. A complex series of chemical reactions is needed to open an orifice in the C60 cage which allows the smaller molecule to be inserted at high pressures to form a sealed structure that resembles a baby's rattle. The resulting complex provides a 'nanolaboratory' environment ideal for examining the trapped molecule via spectroscopic techniques.
 
By exposing the samples to a continuous beam of neutrons, the energy levels of the molecular complex can be accurately determined. The use of neutrons is ideal for experiments of this kind owing to their fundamental magnetic spin, which allows them to drive a wider range of transitions than would be possible with photons.
 
The neutron scattering experiments conducted with a mixture of ortho and para hydrogen showed that a number of forbidden transitions from the para-H2 ground state were systematically absent from the resultant spectra. This confirmed the existence of a molecular selection rule, a discovery which runs counter to the widely held view that such molecular compounds are not subject to any selection rules.
 
Prof Mark Johnson, who contributed to the experimental work undertaken at ILL, said "This is a fantastic example of an international collaboration to study a unique sample of which only tens of milligrams exist worldwide. The Japanese first learned how to open up C60, and the collaboration with researchers in New York gave an improved understanding of these quantum systems. Tiny quantities of the sample were exposed to the world's highest neutron flux at the ILL in experiments that would not have been possible some years ago."
 
He added "The experiments provide a way of isolating hydrogen in what is effectively a spherical environment, whose symmetry makes the theoretical calculations a great deal easier. Such well-defined systems, which have not existed to date, provide an excellent test bed for quantum theory."
 
Similar experiments conducted with forms of H2O known as ortho- and para- water also revealed a previously undiscovered splitting of the ortho-H2O ground state, pointing to a symmetry-breaking interaction which arises when the molecules are isolated in the C60 cages. Whether the molecular confinement or a set of longer range interactions is responsible for the observed symmetry breaking is a topic of considerable interest and one worthy of further research.
 
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