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¹Ì±¹³»  Àç»ý°¡´É ¿¡³ÊÁö(Renewable Energy)¿Í °ü·ÃÇÑ »õ·Î¿î º¸°í¼­¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ±âÁ¸ ´ëºñ °³¼±µÈ ÀúÀå ±â¼ú(Storage Technology)À» ÀÌ¿ëÇϰųª ÀüüÀûÀÎ Àü±â È帧(Flow of Electricity)À» ´õ ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î °ø±ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ ´ëü ¿¡³ÊÁö ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¼­·Î Á¶È­·Ó°Ô ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â ³ë·ÂµéÀº Áö±Ýº¸´Ù Àç»ý°¡´É ¿¡³ÊÁö(Renewable Energy)°¡ È®´ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÏ´Â Áß¿äÇÑ µµ¾àÀÇ ±âȸ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.

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¿À·¹°ï ÁÖ¸³´ëÇÐ(Oregon State University)ÀÇ ´ëÇпø»ýÀÌÀÚ ¿¡³ÊÁö Á¤Ã¥ ºÐ¼®°¡ÀÎ Anna Kelly´Â "dz·Â¿¡³ÊÁö´Â »ó´çÇÑ °¡°Ý °æÀï·ÂÀ» È®º¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ž翡³ÊÁö ¿ª½Ã ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æÀï·ÂÀ» ºü¸£°Ô °®Ãß¾î °¡´Â »óȲÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌµé ±â¼ú°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ´Ù¸¥ ±â¼úÀ» º¸´Ù Æø³Ð°Ô È°¿ëÇϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ½º¸¶Æ® ±×¸®µå(Smart Grid) ¿¬°á ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ÀûÀýÈ÷ °áÇÕ½ÃÅ°´Â ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÏÀº ´Ù¼öÀÇ ±¹°¡µé¿¡¼­ ÀÌ¹Ì ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÇàµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Á¢±Ù¹æ¹ý ¶ÇÇÑ ¾ÕÀ¸·Î È®´ëµÉ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ"°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ "¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ÀϺΠÁö¿ª¿¡¼­ ¹Ù¶÷Àº ¾ß°£ ½Ã°£´ë¿¡ ´õ °­ÇÏ°Ô ºÐ´Ù. ±×¸®°í žç¹ßÀü ±â¼úÀº ÇØ°¡ ¶° ÀÖ´Â ³· ½Ã°£¿¡¸¸ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ »ý»êÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¬°áµÈ ±×¸®µåÀÇ ±âº» °³³äÀ» º¸´Ù º¹ÀâÇÏ°Ô È°¿ëÇÏ°í ¿¡³ÊÁö ÀúÀå°ú °°Àº º¸´Ù °³¼±µÈ ÇüÅ¿¡ ¦À» Áö¾îÁÜÀ¸·Î½á Àç»ý°¡´É ¿¡³ÊÁö ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ È°¿ëµµ¸¦ Áö±Ýº¸´Ù ÈξÀ È®´ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ´Ü¼øÇÑ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î ÀÌ»óÀÇ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹Ì±¹»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ½ºÆäÀÎ, ¸ð·ÎÄÚ, Áß±¹ µî Àü¼¼°è¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿¡³ÊÁö °øÀåÀÇ Çö½Ç¿¡ Àß ºÎÀÀÇÑ´Ù"°í µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù.

Kelly´Â "Áö¿­(Geothermal) ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â žç¹ßÀü°ú ¦À» ÀÌ·ê ¼ö ÀÖ°í, dz·Â ¹× žç¹ßÀüÀº ¸®Æ¬ÀÌ¿Â ¹èÅ͸®(Lithium-ion Battery)¿Í ¿¬°áµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í dz·Â¹ßÀü ¹× ¹ÙÀÌ¿ÀµðÁ©(Biodiesel)Àº ¹èÅ͸® ½Ã½ºÅÛ°ú À̾îÁø´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¢±Ù¹æ¹ýÀº °¡°Ý À̽´¸¦ ÇØ°áÇϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀ» Áֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ½ÇÁ¦ ±â¾÷µéÀº ÇÏÀ̺긮µå ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ÅëÇØ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ »ý»êÇϸ鼭 ÀÌÀÍÀ» âÃâÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù"°í ¼³¸íÇÏ¿´´Ù. Â÷¼¼´ë ¿¡³ÊÁö ÀúÀå ±â¼úÀº Àç»ý°¡´É ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ È°¿ëµµ¸¦ ³ôÀ̴µ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ä¼Ò°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °ü·ÃÇÑ ÇÑ°¡Áö ¿¹´Â ¹Ì ¼­ºÎ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ ¸î °³ÀÇ ÁÖ¿¡¼­ ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â »ç·ÊÀÌ´Ù. ¿ÍÀÌ¿À¹Ö(Wyoming) ÁÖ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ È¿À²È­µÈ dz·Â´ÜÁö(Wind Farm)¸¦ ÅëÇØ Àü±â¸¦ »ý»êÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, »ý»êµÈ Àü±â´Â À¯Å¸(Utah) ÁÖ·Î Àü´ÞµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ƯÁ¤ ¾Ï¼®Áö´ë³»ÀÇ ¾ÐÃà°ø±â(Compressed Air)¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÀúÀåµÇ¸ç, ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î ·Î½º¿£Á©¸®½ºÀÇ Àü±â °ø±Þ¿¡ È°¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¾ÐÃà°ø±â´Â ¿¡³ÊÁö ¼ö¿ä¿¡ ´ëÇØ ºü¸£°Ô ÀÀ´ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, »ó¾÷È­ ±Ô¸ð¿¡¼­ °¡°Ý °æÀï·ÂÀ» °®±â À§ÇÑ ±Ô¸ð È®ÀåÀÌ ¿ëÀÌÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ 80¾ï ´Þ·¯(¾à 9Á¶ ¿ø)ÀÇ ÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ´Ù°¡¿À´Â ½Ã´ëÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ÁöÇ¥°¡ µÉ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ.

À̹ø ³í¹®ÀÇ °øµ¿ÀúÀÚÀÌÀÚ ¿À·¹°ï ÁÖ¸³´ëÇÐ ´ëÇпø»ýÀÎ Joshua Merritt´Â "±×·¸Áö¸¸ ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö ±Øº¹ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ´Ù¼öÀÇ Àå¾Ö¹°ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù"°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×´Â "¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ º¸´Ù ¼Õ½±°Ô »ý»êÇÏ°í ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Áö¿ª¿¡ º¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â Áö±ÝÀÇ ¼ÛÀü ±×¸®µå¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ °³¼±ÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. À̸¦ ±Øº¹Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ±ÔÁ¦¿Í °ü·ÃÇÑ ÀϺΠÀå¾Ö¹°µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´ëÁßÀº ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀÎ Ãø¸é¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ½Ç¿ëÀûÀÎ ¸é¿¡¼­ dz·Â, ÆÄ·Â ¹× žç¹ßÀü°ú °°Àº ¿¡³ÊÁö ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» Áö±Ýº¸´Ù ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ¼ö¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °Í"À̶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

°úÇÐÀÚµéÀº Àç»ý°¡´É ¿¡³ÊÁö ½Ã½ºÅÛ µµÀÔ°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ¡®³»°¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â Áö¿ª¿¡´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù(Not in My Back Yard).¡¯´Â ÀνÄÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö¶óµµ ȯ°æÀûÀÎ ¿ì·Á´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, dz·ÂÅͺó ·ÎÅÍ(Wind Turbine Rotor)´Â ³¯¾Æ´Ù´Ï´Â »õ¸¦ Á×ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ¼ö·Â¹ßÀüÀº ¹°°í±â¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Å¾翡³ÊÁö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ÀÇÇØ È­ÇÐÀû ¿À¿°ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù.

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À̹ø º¸°í¼­¿¡¼­ ¾ð±ÞµÇ¾úµíÀÌ Àå±âÀûÀÎ ¸ñÇ¥´Â ÀÏ°ü¼º°ú Àç»ý°¡´É ¿¡³ÊÁö °£ »óÈ£ ÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ÇÏÀ̺긮µå ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» Àß ¿î¿µÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±â¼úÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ½Ã½ºÅÛ, °³¼±µÈ ¼ÛÀü ´É·Â, ÀϺΠ½Å±Ô ±â¼úÀÇ Áøº¸¿Í °ü·ÃÇÑ ½ÅÁßÇÑ Á¶ÇÕÀ» ÅëÇØ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸ñÇ¥´Â º¸´Ù Çö½ÇÀûÀ¸·Î °¡±î¿öÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº "°³¹ßÀÌ ÁøÇàµÇ¸é¼­ ÇÏÀ̺긮µå ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ºñ¿ëÀº Á¡Â÷ Ç϶ôÇÏ¿© °æÀï·ÂÀÌ Å©°Ô Áõ°¡ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ¹Ì·¡ Àü±â »ý»ê¿¡ ÀÖ¾î Å« ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀ¸·Î ±â´ëµÈ´Ù"°í °á·Ð³»·È´Ù.

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Matched 'hybrid' systems may hold key to wider use of renewable energy

The use of renewable energy in the United States could take a significant leap forward with improved storage technologies or more efforts to "match" different forms of alternative energy systems that provide an overall more steady flow of electricity, researchers say in a new report.

Historically, a major drawback to the use and cost-effectiveness of alternative energy systems has been that they are too variable -- if the wind doesn't blow or the sun doesn't shine, a completely different energy system has to be available to pick up the slack. This lack of dependability is costly and inefficient.
 
But in an analysis just published in The Electricity Journal, scientists say that much of this problem could be addressed with enhanced energy storage technology or by developing "hybrid" systems in which, on a broader geographic scale, one form of renewable energy is ramping up even while the other is declining.
 
"Wind energy is already pretty cost-competitive and solar energy is quickly getting there," said Anna Kelly, a graduate student in the School of Public Policy at Oregon State University, and an energy policy analyst. "The key to greater use of these and other technologies is to match them in smart-grid, connected systems.
 
"This is already being done successfully in a number of countries and the approach could be expanded."
For instance, the wind often blows more strongly at night in some regions, Kelly said, and solar technology can only produce energy during the day. By making more sophisticated use of that basic concept in a connected grid, and pairing it with more advanced forms of energy storage, the door could be opened for a much wider use of renewable energy systems, scientists say.
 
"This is more than just an idea, it's a working reality in energy facilities around the world, in places like Spain, Morocco and China, as well as the U.S.," Kelly said. "Geothermal is being paired with solar; wind and solar with lithium-ion batteries; and wind and biodiesel with batteries. By helping to address the price issue, renewable energy is being produced in hybrid systems by real, private companies that are making real money."
 
Advanced energy storage could be another huge key to making renewable energy more functional, and one example is just being developed in several cooperating states in the West. Electricity is being produced by efficient wind farms in Wyoming; transmitted to Utah where it's being stored via compressed air in certain rock formations; and ultimately used to help power Los Angeles.
 
This $8 billion system could be an indicator of things to come, since compressed air can rapidly respond to energy needs and be readily scaled up to be cost-competitive at a significant commercial level.
 
"There are still a number of obstacles to overcome," said Joshua Merritt, a co-author on the report and also a graduate student in mechanical engineering and public policy at OSU. "Our transmission grids need major improvements so we can more easily produce energy and then send it to where it's needed. There are some regulatory hurdles to overcome. And the public has to more readily accept energy systems like wind, wave or solar in practice, not just in theory."
 
The "not in my back yard" opposition to renewable energy systems is still a reality, the researchers said, and there are still some environmental concerns about virtually any form of energy, whether it's birds killed by wind turbine rotors, fish losses in hydroelectric dams or chemical contaminants from use of solar energy.
 
The near future may offer more options, the researchers said. Advanced battery storage technologies are becoming more feasible. Wave or tidal energy may become a real contributor, and some of those forces are more predictable and stable by definition. And the birth of small, modular nuclear reactors -- which can be built at lower cost and produce no greenhouse gas emissions -- could play a significant role in helping to balance energy outflows from renewable sources.
 
The long-term goal, the report concluded, is to identify technologies that can work in a hybrid system that offers consistency, dependability and doesn't rely on fossil fuels. With careful matching of systems, improved transmission abilities and some new technological advances, that goal may be closer than realized, they said.
 
"With development, the cost of these hybrid systems will decrease and become increasingly competitive, hopefully playing a larger role in power generation in the future," the researchers wrote in their conclusion.

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