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George Osborne puts UK at the heart of global race for mini-nuclear reactors

The UK could be the global centre of a new nuclear industry in mini-reactors that are trucked into a town near you to provide your hot water, or shipped to any country that wants to plug them into their electricity grid from the dock.

The chancellor, George Osborne, revealed on Wednesday that at least £250m will be spent by 2020 on an ¡°ambitious¡± programme to ¡°position the UK as a global leader in innovative nuclear technologies¡±.

There will be a competition to identify the best value design of mini reactors - called small modular reactors (SMRs) - and paving the way ¡°towards building one of the world¡¯s first SMRs in the UK in the 2020s¡±. There is no shortage of contenders, with companies from the US to China and Poland all wooing the UK with their proposals.

With a crucial UN climate change summit in Paris imminent, the question of how to keep the lights on affordably, while cutting emissions, is pressing.

SMRs aim to capture the advantages of nuclear power – always-on, low-carbon energy – while avoiding the problems, principally the vast cost and time taken to build huge plants. Current plants, such as the planned French-Chinese Hinkley Point project in Somerset, have to be built on-site, a task likened to ¡°building a cathedral within a cathedral¡±.

Instead, SMRs, would be turned out by the dozen in a factory, then transported to sites and plugged in, making them – in theory – cheaper. Companies around the world, including in Russia, South Korea and Argentina, are now trying to turn that theory into practice and many are looking at the nuclear-friendly UK as the place to make it happen.

¡°There¡¯s a lot of terrific things about the UK market that makes it the right place to deploy new nuclear technology,¡± said Tom Mundy, head of programme development at US company NuScale, one of the frontrunners. ¡°It¡¯s got a government committed to reducing carbon and seeing nuclear as one of the solutions, and it has got a substantial and pre-eminent legacy of nuclear operations – a trained and capable workforce and a nuclear supply chain.¡±

The UK has commissioned five studies since July, costing £4.5m, to explore the potential of SMRs and energy secretary Amber Rudd told MPs earlier this month: ¡°We are fully enthused about SMRs. We are doing as much as we can in terms of supporting the technology. SMRs would be an excellent way forward.¡±

A government-funded report from the UK¡¯s National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL) in December 2014 suggested there was potentially a ¡°very significant¡± global market for hundreds of SMRs (65-85 gigawatts) by 2035, with dozens of the SMRs (7GW) sited in the UK. This market would be worth £250-£400bn, the NNL estimated, saying it represented an economic opportunity for UK plc.

SMRs are reactors that produce less than 300MW (0.3GW) of electricity, much smaller than the 1,000MW (1GW) of many existing nuclear plants. An additional advantage is that SMRs can vary their output quickly, meaning they could be used to balance intermittent wind and solar energy, unlike big nuclear plants.
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