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[Áßµ¿] [2023] [»ç¿ìµð] »ç¿ìµð KAUST, ¹Ì³×¶ö°ú ¹Ì»ý¹°·ÎºÎÅÍ ´ã¼öÈ­¸· º¸È£±â¼ú ¿¬±¸
À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2023-05-16 Á¶È¸¼ö 451
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[»ç¿ìµð] »ç¿ìµð KAUST, ¹Ì³×¶ö°ú ¹Ì»ý¹°·ÎºÎÅÍ ´ã¼öÈ­¸· º¸È£±â¼ú ¿¬±¸

»ç¿ìµð Å· ¾ÐµÑ¶ó °úÇбâ¼ú´ë(KAUST)¿Í ACWA ÆÄ¿ö ¿¬±¸ÆÀ °øµ¿ ¿¬±¸

Çؼö ´ã¼öÈ­ Àü¿¡ ¼±º°µÈ È­Çй°Áú·Î ó¸®ÇÏ¸é »ý¹°¿À¿° ÁÙÀÌ°í ¿©°ú¸· ¼ö¸íÀ» ¿¬ÀåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î

¡°»ý¹°¿À¿° À¯¹ß ¸· ½ºÄÉÀÏ ¹æÁöÁ¦ ¼ººÐ È®ÀÎÇϸé Çؼö´ã¼öÈ­¸¦ Áö¼Ó °¡´ÉÇÑ ´ã¼ö °ø±Þ¿øÀ¸·Î ¸¸µå´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ ¼ö À־



»ç¿ìµð Å· ¾ÐµÑ¶ó °úÇбâ¼ú´ë(KAUST)¿Í ACWA ÆÄ¿ö ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº Çؼö´ã¼öÈ­ÀÇ ¸· È¿À²À» Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¿¬±¸Çß´Ù.  [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = Å· ¾ÐµÑ¶ó °úÇбâ¼ú´ë(KAUST)]

»ç¿ìµð Å· ¾ÐµÑ¶ó °úÇбâ¼ú´ë(KAUST)¿Í ACWA ÆÄ¿ö ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº Çؼö´ã¼öÈ­ÀÇ ¸· È¿À²À» Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¿¬±¸Çß´Ù. [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = Å· ¾ÐµÑ¶ó °úÇбâ¼ú´ë(KAUST)]

 

Çؼö¸¦ ´ã¼öÈ­Çϱâ Àü¿¡ ¼±º°µÈ È­Çй°Áú·Î ó¸®ÇÏ¸é »ý¹°¿À¿°À» ÁÙÀÌ°í ¿©°ú¸·ÀÇ ¼ö¸íÀ» ¿¬ÀåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¿¬±¸°á°ú°¡ ³ª¿Ô´Ù.


»ý¹°¿À¿°À» ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â ¸· ½ºÄÉÀÏ ¹æÁöÁ¦(membrane antiscalants)ÀÇ ¼ººÐÀ» È®ÀÎÇϸé Çؼö´ã¼öÈ­¸¦ º¸´Ù Áö¼Ó °¡´ÉÇÑ ´ã¼ö °ø±Þ¿øÀ¸·Î ¸¸µå´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


»ç¿ìµð¾Æ¶óºñ¾Æ Å· ¾ÐµÑ¶ó °úÇÐ ±â¼ú ´ëÇб³(King Abdullah University ; KAUST)ÀÇ ¹° ´ã¼öÈ­ ¹× Àç»ç¿ë ¼¾ÅÍ(Water Desalination and Reuse Center)ÀÇ È¯°æ°úÇÐÀÚÀÎ ±×¶ó½Ã¿¤¶ó °ïÀß·¹½º-±æ(Graciela Gonzalez-Gil) ¹Ú»ç´Â ¡°¾ÈÀüÇÑ ½Ä¼ö´Â ÀαÇÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¾à 8¾ï ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¡±¶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.


UNÀº 2030³â±îÁö ´ã¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¿ä°¡ ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ ¹° ¼øȯ °ø±ÞÀ» 40%±îÁö ÃÊ°úÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÃßÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.


±×¶ó½Ã¿¤¶ó °ïÀß·¹½º-±æ(Graciela Gonzalez-Gil) ¹Ú»çÀÇ µ¿·áÀÌÀÚ KAUST Á¹¾÷»ýÀÎ ¶óÅø ´Ù½º(Ratul Das) ¿¬±¸¿øÀº¡°Çؼö´ã¼öÈ­ - ƯÈ÷ ¼Ò±Ý°ú ºÒ¼ø¹°À» Á¦°ÅÇϱâ À§ÇØ ³ôÀº ¾Ð·ÂÀ¸·Î ¸·À» ÅëÇØ ¹Ù´å¹°À» °¡¾ÐÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â Çؼö¿ª»ïÅõ(SeaWater Reverse Osmosis ; SWRO)´Â °ÇÁ¶ÇÑ ÇØ¾È ±¹°¡¿¡¼­ ³Î¸® äÅÃµÈ Àúºñ¿ë ½Ä¼ö °ø±Þ¿øÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù¡±¶ó°í °­Á¶Çß´Ù. 


KAUST ¿¬±¸°úÇÐÀÚ ±×¶ó½Ã¿¤¶ó °ïÀß·¹½º-±æ(Graciela Gonzalez-Gil) ¹Ú»ç, ACWA PowerÀÇ ¶óÅø ´Ù½º(Ratul Das) ¿¬±¸¿ø ¹× KAUST Á¹¾÷»ýÀÎ °¡µð¾î ÇÏ»ç´Ñ(Ghadeer Hasanin)ÀÌ °á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇØ ³íÀÇÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. »çÁø ¿ÞÁ·ºÎÅÍ [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = Å· ¾ÐµÑ¶ó °úÇбâ¼ú´ëÇб³(KAUST)]

KAUST ¿¬±¸°úÇÐÀÚ ±×¶ó½Ã¿¤¶ó °ïÀß·¹½º-±æ(Graciela Gonzalez-Gil) ¹Ú»ç, ACWA PowerÀÇ ¶óÅø ´Ù½º(Ratul Das) ¿¬±¸¿ø ¹× KAUST Á¹¾÷»ýÀÎ °¡µð¾î ÇÏ»ç´Ñ(Ghadeer Hasanin)ÀÌ °á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇØ ³íÀÇÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. »çÁø ¿ÞÁ·ºÎÅÍ [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = Å· ¾ÐµÑ¶ó °úÇбâ¼ú´ëÇб³(KAUST)]

 

¶óÅø ´Ù½º(Ratul Das)´Â ÇöÀç 4°³±¹¿¡¼­ 16°³ÀÇ Çؼö´ã¼öÈ­ ½Ã¼³À» º¸À¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¿ìµð¾Æ¶óºñ¾ÆÀÇ ¹ÎÀÚ¹ßÀü ¹× ´ã¼öȸ»çÀÎ ACWA ÆÄ¿ö(ACWA Power)ÀÇ ´ã¼öÈ­ ¿¬±¸°³¹ß Ã¥ÀÓÀÚ·Î ÀÏÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.


¶óÅø ´Ù½º(Ratul Das) ¿¬±¸¿øÀº ¡°±×·¯³ª SWRO´Â ¿¡³ÊÁö Áý¾àÀûÀÌ¸ç »ç¿ëµÈ ¸·Àº ¸¹Àº Æó±â¹°À» »ý¼ºÇÑ´Ù¡±¶ó¸é¼­ ¡°¹Ù´å¹°Àº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¸·ÀÇ ¿°ºÐÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ ½ºÄÉÀÏ ¹æÁöÁ¦·Î Àü󸮵ȴ١±°í ¸»Çß´Ù. 


¶óÅø ´Ù½º(Ratul Das) ¿¬±¸¿øÀº ÀÌ¾î ¡°´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ºñÇØ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ È­Çй°ÁúÀÇ ³·Àº °¡°ÝÀº ¹° °¡°ÝÀ» ³·°Ô À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ¸ç, µû¶ó¼­ ±× ÀαⰡ ³ô´Ù¡±¶ó¸é¼­ ¡°ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×µé Áß ¸¹Àº °ÍµéÀº ¹Ì»ý¹°ÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀ» ÃËÁøÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿À¿°À» À¯¹ßÇÑ´Ù¡±¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.


±×¶ó½Ã¿¤¶ó °ïÀß·¹½º-±æ(Graciela Gonzalez-Gil) ¹Ú»ç´Â ¡°Å»¿° ÀÛ¾÷ÀÚµéÀº ¿Ö ±×¸®°í ¾î´À Á¤µµ±îÁö ¼Òµ¶Á¦°¡ »ý¹°¿À¿°À» À¯¹ßÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù¡±¶ó¸é¼­ ¡°¿©·¯ °¡Áö ½ºÄÉÀÏ ¹æÁöÁ¦·Î ÀÎÇÑ ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ ¼ºÀåÀ» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ°í À̸¦ È­ÇÐ ¼ººÐ°ú ¿¬°áÇϸé ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿î¿µÀÚ°¡ »ý¹° ¿À¿°ÀÌ ÃÖ¼ÒÈ­µÈ Á¦Ç°À» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¡±¶ó°í °­Á¶Çß´Ù.


°ïÀß·¹½º-±æÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº õ¿¬ Çؼö º´À» ¼Ò·®ÀÇ ÅäÂø ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ ³óµµ·Î ÁغñÇß´Ù. 8°³ÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ½ºÄÉÀÏ ¹æÁöÁ¦(antiscalant) Áß Çϳª¸¦ º°µµÀÇ º´¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÏ¿©, ±×µéÀº ¸ÅÀÏ ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ ¼ºÀåÀ» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ½ºÄÉÀÏ ¹æÁöÁ¦°¡ ¾ø´Â ¹Ù´å¹°ÀÇ ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ ¼ºÀå°ú ºñ±³Çß´Ù.


¡°¿ì¸®´Â °¢ ½ºÄÉÀÏ ¹æÁöÁ¦ÀÇ Åº¼Ò(C), ÀÎ(P) ¹× Áú¼Ò(N) ÇÔ·®À» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÇÙÀڱ⠰ø¸íÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ È­ÇÐÀû Áö¹®À» ¾ò¾ú´Ù¡±¶ó°í °ïÀß·¹½º-±æ ¹Ú»ç´Â ¸»Çß´Ù.


¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº ÀϺΠ½ºÄÉÀÏ ¹æÁöÁ¦°¡ È°¼º ¼ººÐ ¿Ü¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ È­ÇÕ¹°À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. ÇϳªÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀÎ ¿À¸£ÅäÀλê(orthophosphate)Àº ¼¼±Õ ¼ºÀåÀ» ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ÃËÁø½ÃŲ´Ù.


[±×¸²Ãâó(picture source) = Å· ¾ÐµÑ¶ó °úÇбâ¼ú´ëÇб³(KAUST)]

[±×¸²Ãâó(picture source) = Å· ¾ÐµÑ¶ó °úÇбâ¼ú´ëÇб³(KAUST)]

 

°ïÀß·¹½º-±æ ¹Ú»ç´Â ƯÈ÷ ¡°³î¶ø°Ôµµ ¸ðµç Àλ꿰 ±â¹ÝÀÇ ½ºÄÉÀÏ ¹æÁöÁ¦°¡ ¿À¸£ÅäÆ÷½ºÆäÀÌÆ®¿¡ ¿À¿°µÈ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù¡±¶ó¸é¼­ ¡°¿¹¸¦ µé¾î HEDP(1-È÷µå·Ï½Ã¿¡Æ¿¸®µ§-(1,1-µðÆ÷½ºÆù»ê)´Â ¼¼±Õ ¼ºÀåÀ» ÃËÁøÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ½ºÄÉÀÏ ¹æÁöÁ¦ÀÌ´Ù¡±¶ó°í °­Á¶Çß´Ù.


°ïÀß·¹½º-±æ ¹Ú»ç ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀÇ È­ÇÐÀû Áö¹® äÃë ±â¼úÀº Á¦Á¶¾÷üµéÀÌ ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ¸¦ Áõ°¡½ÃÅ°´Â È­ÇÕ¹°À» ´õ Àû°Ô Æ÷ÇÔÇϵµ·Ï ½ºÄÉÀÏ ¹æÁöÁ¦¸¦ ¸ÂÃãÈ­ÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 


¶óÅø ´Ù½º(Ratul Das) ¿¬±¸¿øÀº ¡°¹ÙÀÌ¿À ¿À¿°À» ÁÙÀ̸é SWRO¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¡±¶ó¸é¼­ ¡°ÀÌ´Â ´ã¼öÈ­ ºñ¿ëÀ» ³·Ãß°í ¿Â½Ç °¡½º ¹èÃâÀ» ÁÙÀÓÀ¸·Î½á Áö±¸¸¦ º¸È£ÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡±¶ó°í ¿ª¼³Çß´Ù.


¿ª»ïÅõ¸·Àº ÇöÀç 10³â¿¡¼­ 15³âÀÇ ÀáÀçÀûÀÎ ¼ö¸í¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í 3³â¿¡¼­ 5³â¸¶´Ù ±³Ã¼µÈ´Ù. °ïÀß·¹½º-±æ ¹Ú»ç´Â ¡°¹ÙÀÌ¿À ¿À¿°À» ÃÖ¼ÒÈ­ÇÏ¸é »ç¿ë ¼ö¸íÀÌ ¿¬ÀåµÇ°í ¸Å¸³Áö¿¡ ½×ÀÎ ¸· Æó±â¹°ÀÌ ÁÙ¾îµç´Ù¡±°í µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù.


KAUSTÀÇ ¿äÇϳ׽º S. ºê·çÀ¢º§µå(Johannes S. Vrouwenvelder) ±³¼ö(¿ÞÂÊ)¿Í ACWA ÆÄ¿öÀÇ Å丶½º ¾ËÆ®¸¸(Thomas Altmann) ºÎ»çÀå (¿À¸¥ÂÊ). [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = Å· ¾ÐµÑ¶ó °úÇбâ¼ú´ëÇб³(KAUST)]

KAUSTÀÇ ¿äÇϳ׽º S. ºê·çÀ¢º§µå(Johannes S. Vrouwenvelder) ±³¼ö(¿ÞÂÊ)¿Í ACWA ÆÄ¿öÀÇ Å丶½º ¾ËÆ®¸¸(Thomas Altmann) ºÎ»çÀå (¿À¸¥ÂÊ). [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = Å· ¾ÐµÑ¶ó °úÇбâ¼ú´ëÇб³(KAUST)]

 

¶óÅø ´Ù½º(Ratul Das) ¿¬±¸¿øÀº ¡°Àü ¼¼°è ´ã¼öÈ­ ½Ã¼³¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °£´ÜÇÑ Àú±â¼ú Å×½ºÆ®¸¦ °³¹ßÇϱ⸦ Èñ¸ÁÇÑ´Ù¡±¶ó¸é¼­ ¡°¿ì¸®´Â ´ã¼öÈ­ »ê¾÷¿¡¼­ ¡®ºí·¢¹Ú½º¡¯¸¦ ¾ø¾Ö°í »ç¿ìµð¾Æ¶óºñ¾Æ¿Í ±¹Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ´õ ģȯ°æÀûÀÎ À̴ϼÅƼºê¸¦ ÃßÁøÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¡±¶ó°í ±×´Â µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù.


[¿ø¹®º¸±â]


Saving desalination membranes from minerals and microbes



Treating seawater with selected chemicals before desalination could reduce biofouling and lengthen the lifespan of filtration membranes.


Identifying the components of membrane antiscalants that cause biofouling could help make seawater desalination a more sustainable source of fresh water.


¡°Safe drinking water is a human right,¡± says environmental scientist Graciela Gonzalez-Gil, ¡°yet roughly 800 million people have no access.¡± The United Nations estimates that demand for fresh water could exceed the natural water cycle supply by as much as 40 percent by 2030.


¡°Seawater desalination - particularly by reverse osmosis (SWRO), which involves pressurizing seawater through a membrane at high pressure to remove salt and impurities - has become a widely adopted low-cost source of drinking water in arid coastal countries,¡± says Gonzalez-Gil¡¯s colleague and KAUST alumni Ratul Das, who now works as Head of Desalination R&D for energy company ACWA Power, which has 16 water seawater desalination plants across four countries.


However, SWRO is energy intensive, and the used membranes create a lot of waste. Seawater is typically pretreated with antiscalants to prevent the scaling of salt on the membranes. ¡°The low cost of these chemicals compared to other methods helps keep water prices low, hence their popularity,¡± says Das. But many of them trigger fouling by promoting microbial growth.


¡°Desalination operators are not fully informed about why and to what extent antiscalants cause biofouling,¡± says Gonzalez-Gil. ¡°Measuring the bacterial growth caused by different antiscalants and linking this to their chemical composition can help these operators select products with minimal biofouling.¡±


Gonzalez-Gil¡¯s team prepared vials of natural seawater with a small starting concentration of indigenous bacteria. Adding one of eight common antiscalants to separate vials, they measured daily bacterial growth and compared this to bacterial growth in seawater without antiscalant.


¡°We measured the carbon, phosphorous and nitrogen content of each antiscalant and used nuclear magnetic resonance to get a more detailed chemical fingerprint,¡± says Gonzalez-Gil.


The team found that some antiscalants contained other compounds besides the active ingredients[1]. One particular contaminant - orthophosphate - clearly promoted bacterial growth. ¡°Surprisingly, not all phosphanate-based antiscalants were contaminated with orthophosphates,¡± says Gonzalez-Gil, ¡°such as HEDP (1-hydroxyethylidene-(1,1-diphosphonic acid), which was also the only antiscalant that didn¡¯t promote bacterial growth.¡±


The team¡¯s chemical fingerprinting technique could help manufacturers tailor antiscalants to contain fewer bacteria-boosting compounds. ¡°Reducing biofouling will reduce the energy required for SWRO,¡± says Das. ¡°It will lower the costs of desalination and, by reducing greenhouse emissions, will help to protect the planet.¡±


Reverse osmosis membranes are currently replaced every three to five years, despite a potential lifespan of 10 to 15 years. ¡°Minimizing biofouling will extend their useful life and reduce the membrane waste deposited to landfill,¡± adds Gonzales-Gil.


Das hopes to develop a simple low-tech test for use at desalination plants worldwide. ¡°We want to eliminate ¡®black boxes¡¯ in the desalination industry and drive greener initiatives that have impact for Saudi Arabia and internationally,¡± he adds.


[Ãâó = Å· ¾ÐµÑ¶ó °úÇбâ¼ú´ëÇб³(KAUST)(https://discovery.kaust.edu.sa/en/article/21062/saving-desalination-membranes-from-minerals-and-microbes-2/) / 2023³â 5¿ù 11ÀÏ]

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