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  main_center °Ô½ÃÆÇÀº ¾ÆÁ÷ »ý¼ºµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.  
[ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«] [2014] [¹Ì±¹] ±âÈÄ °¡º¯¼º°ú °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ÇÏ¿ÍÀÌ¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ¿ÀÁ¸ ¿À¿°
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[¹Ì±¹] ±âÈÄ °¡º¯¼º°ú °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ÇÏ¿ÍÀÌ¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ¿ÀÁ¸ ¿À¿°
 
¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ´ë±â ¿À¿°Àº ¼ö½Ê ³â µ¿¾È Áõ°¡ÇØ¿ÔÁö¸¸, ÇÏ¿ÍÀÌ´Â º½Ã¶ ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ µû¶ó µ¿ÂÊÀ¸·Î Ç¥·ùÇÏ´Â ¿ÀÁ¸ ¿À¿°À» ÇÇÇØ°¡´Â °Íó·³ º¸¿´´Ù.
 
ÃÖ±Ù ¹Ì±¹ ÇÁ¸°½ºÅÏ ´ëÇÐ(Princeton University) AOS(Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences) ¼Ò¼Ó ¿¬±¸ °úÇÐÀÚÀÎ Meiyun LinÀÌ ÁÖµµÇÏ´Â ¿¬±¸Áø°ú ¹Ì±¹ ÇØ¾ç ´ë±âû(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) »êÇÏ GFDL(Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory) ¼Ò¼ÓÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÁøÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº ´ë±â ¼øȯ(atmospheric circulation)¿¡¼­ÀÇ º¯È­°¡ ÇÏ¿ÍÀÌ ¿ÀÁ¸ ¿À¿°(Hawaiian ozone pollution)ÀÇ µ¿ÇâÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» »õ·Ó°Ô ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù.

¿¬±¸ÁøÀº 1990³â´ë Áß¹Ý ÀÌÈÄ ´ë±â ¼øȯ¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ À̵¿ÀÌ ¿©¸§Ã¶¿¡´Â »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ³·Áö¸¸ °¡À»Ã¶¿¡ »ó´çÈ÷ »ó½ÂÇÏ¿© ÇÏ¿ÍÀÌ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ´Â ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ¿ÀÁ¸ ¿À¿°(Asian ozone pollution)À» À¯¹ßÇÑ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. °ü·Ã ¿¬±¸´Â Nature Geoscience Àú³Î¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÆ´Ù.

¿¬±¸ °á°ú´Â ¹Ì±¹ Ç¥¸é ¿ÀÁ¸(surface ozone)ÀÇ µ¿ÇâÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ¹è±â°¡½º¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÑ´Ù°í Æò°¡µÉ ¶§, ±âÈÄ¿¡¼­ 10³â¿¡ °ÉÄ£ °¡º¯¼º(decade variability)ÀÌ °í·ÁµÇ¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡À» ¾Ï½ÃÇÑ´Ù°í LinÀº ¹àÇû´Ù.
 
±×³à´Â GFDL ¼Ò¼ÓÀÇ Larry Horowitz¿Í Songmiao Fan, ÄÝ·Î¶óµµ ´ëÇÐÀÇ Samuel Oltmans, NOAA »êÇÏ Áö±¸ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¿¬±¸½Ç(Earth System Research Laboratory) ¿¬±¸Áø ¹× ÄÝ·Òºñ¾Æ ´ëÇÐ »êÇÏ LDEO(Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory) ¼Ò¼ÓÀÇ Arlene Fiore µî°ú °øµ¿À¸·Î ¿¬±¸¸¦ ¼öÇàÇß´Ù.

ºñ·Ï ³ôÀº °íµµ¿¡¼­ ¿ÀÁ¸ÀÌ ¹æ¾îÀûÀÎ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, Áö±¸ Ç¥¸é ±ÙóÀÇ ¿ÀÁ¸(ozone)Àº ¿Â½Ç°¡½º¿Í °Ç°­À» ¼Õ»ó½ÃÅ°´Â ´ë±â ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ ¼öÇàµÈ ¿ÀÁ¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃøÁ¤ Áß °¡Àå ¿À·¡µÈ ±â·ÏÀº ÇÏ¿ÍÀÌ¿¡¼­ 1974³âÀ¸·Î °Å½½·¯ ¿Ã¶ó°£´Ù.
 
°ú°Å ¼ö½Ê ³â¿¡ °ÉÃÄ, ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼­ ¿ÀÁ¸ Àü±¸Ã¼ÀÇ ¹èÃâÀº 3¹è·Î Áõ°¡ÇßÁö¸¸, 40³â µ¿¾È ÇÏ¿ÍÀÌ ±â·ÏÀº º½Ã¶¿¡´Â ¿ÀÁ¸ ¼öÁØÀÌ °ÅÀÇ º¯È­°¡ ¾øÁö¸¸, °¡À»Ã¶¿¡´Â ³î¶ö Á¤µµ·Î »ó½ÂÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.

ÀáÀçÀûÀÎ ¿Â½Ç°¡½º¿Í »ý¹°ÇÐÀû Àڱع°Áú(biological irritant) ¹× ´ë·ù±Ç ¿ÀÁ¸Àº ´ë±â·ÎºÎÅÍ ´Ù¼öÀÇ À¯ÇØÇÑ ¹Ì·® ±âü(trace gases)¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Â ´ë±â Áß ¼ö»êÈ­±â(hydroxyl radical)ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ¿À¿°¿øÀÌ´Ù. ´ë·ù±Ç ¿ÀÁ¸ ¼öÁØÀº °ú°Å ¼ö½Ê ³â¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ºÏ¹Ý±¸ÀÇ ÁßÀ§µµ ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁø Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ º½Ã¶¿¡ Áõ°¡ÇØ¿Ô´Ù.
 
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Áõ°¡´Â ¾Æ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ Àü±¸Ã¼ ¹èÃâÀÇ Áõ°¡¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÑ´Ù. ¹Ý´ë·Î ÇÏ¿ÍÀÌ ¸¶¿ì³ª ·Î¾Æ °üÃø¼Ò(Mauna Loa Observatory)¿¡¼­ 40³â¿¡ °ÉÄ£ ¿¬¼ÓÀûÀÎ ÃøÁ¤Àº º½Ã¶(3¿ù~4¿ù) µ¿¾È ´ë·ù±Ç ¿ÀÁ¸ÀÇ ¼öÁØÀÌ °ÅÀÇ º¯È­°¡ ¾øÁö¸¸, °¡À»Ã¶(9~10¿ù)¿¡ Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ±Ô¸íÇß´Ù.

ÀÌ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº È­ÇÐ-±âÈÄ ¸ðµ¨(chemistry climate model) ½Ã¹Ä·¹ÀÌ¼Ç ¼¼Æ®¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¸¶¿ì³ª ·Î¾Æ¿¡¼­ ´ë·ù±Ç ¿ÀÁ¸ ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­ 10³â¿¡ °ÉÄ£ °¡º¯¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë±â ¼øȯ À¯Çü¿¡¼­ÀÇ 10³â¿¡ À̸£´Â º¯È­ÀÇ ±â¿©¸¦ Á¶»çÇß´Ù.

¿¬±¸¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© Lin°ú ±×³àÀÇ µ¿·á ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ÀÌ¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ÆÛÁñÀ» Ç®¾ú´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÁøÀÌ º¯È­ÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¶÷ À¯ÇüÀÌ º½Ã¶¿¡ ÇÏ¿ÍÀÌ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ´Â ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ¿À¿°ÀÇ Áõ°¡¸¦ µ¤¾î °¡·ÈÁö¸¸, °¡À»¿¡¼­´Â º¯È­¸¦ ÁõÆø½ÃŲ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù°í LinÀº ¹àÇû´Ù.

È­ÇÐ-±âÈÄ ¸ðµ¨°ú °üÃøÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿©, Lin°ú ±×³àÀÇ µ¿·á ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ´ë±â ¼øȯ À¯Çü¿¡¼­ º½Ã¶°ú °¡À»Ã¶ º¯È­¸¦ ÃßÁøÇÏ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀ» ¹àÇô³Â´Ù. ¿¬±¸ °á°ú´Â º½Ã¶ µ¿¾È À¯¶ó½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼­ ÇÏ¿ÍÀÌ·Î ¿ÀÁ¸ÀÌ Ç³ºÎÇÑ °ø±âÀÇ È帧ÀÌ Àûµµ ºÎ±Ù ÅÂÆò¾ç¿¡¼­ ¶ó´Ï³Ä(La-Nina) °°Àº 10³â¿¡ °ÉÄ£ ³Ã°¢ÀÇ °á°ú·Î 2000³â´ë¿¡ ¾àÈ­µÆ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ï½ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
 
1990³â´ë Áß¹Ý ÀÌÈÄ PNA(Pacific-North American) À¯ÇüÀ̶ó°í ¾Ë·ÁÁø ´ë±â ¼øȯ °¡º¯¼ºÀÇ ¾çÀÇ À¯Çü(positive pattern), Áï Áõ°¡ »óÅÂ¿Í ÀÏÄ¡Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, °¡À»Ã¶ µ¿¾È ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ¿À¿°ÀÌ ÇÏ¿ÍÀÌ·Î º¸´Ù ´õ °­·ÂÇÏ°Ô À̵¿Çß´Ù.

ÀÌ ¿¬±¸´Â 1974³â ÀÌÈÄ ÇÏ¿ÍÀÌÀÇ ¿ÀÁ¸ º¯È­ÀÇ ¹Ì½ºÅ͸®¸¦ Ç® »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, Àü ¼¼°èÀûÀΠǥ¸é ¿ÀÁ¸ ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­ µ¿ÇâÀ» Çؼ®ÇÏ´Â µ¥ Æø³ÐÀº ¾Ï½Ã¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù°í LinÀº ¹àÇû´Ù. ´ë±â ¼øȯ¿¡¼­ Ư¡ÀûÀÎ À̵¿Àº º¯È­ÇÏ´Â ±âÈÄ¿Í ¿ÀÁ¸ Àü±¸Ã¼ÀÇ Àü ¼¼°è ¹èÃâÀÌ °ü¿©Çϴ ǥ¸é ¿ÀÁ¸ ¼öÁØÀÇ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¹«¾ùº¸´Ù Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ±×³à´Â ¹àÇû´Ù.

¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ´ë±â ¼øȯ À¯Çü¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ º¯È­°¡ ÃÖ±Ù ¸î ½Ê ³â µ¿¾È ºÏºÎ ÁßÀ§µµ¿Í ¸¶¿ì³ª ·Î¾Æ(Mauna Loa)¿¡¼­ ´ë·ù±Ç ¿ÀÁ¸ ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­ °üÃøµÈ µ¿ÇâÀ» Á¶È­½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í Á¦¾ÈÇß´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ´ë±â ¼øȯ À¯Çü¿¡¼­ 10³â¿¡ °ÉÄ£ °¡º¯¼º(decadal variability)ÀÌ Àü±¸Ã¼ ¹èÃâ¿¡¼­ Àΰ£ÀÌ À¯¹ßÇÑ µ¿Çâ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë·ù±Ç ¿ÀÁ¸ ¼öÁØÀÇ º¯È­¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÒ ¶§ °í·ÁµÉ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í Á¦¾ÈÇß´Ù.
[Ãâó : KISTI ¹Ì¸®¾È(http://mirian.kisti.re.kr) ¡º±Û·Î¹úµ¿Çâºê¸®ÇÎ(GTB)¡»2014. 01. 31]
 
[¿ø¹®º¸±â]

Asian ozone pollution in Hawaii is tied to climate variability

Air pollution from Asia has been rising for several decades but Hawaii had seemed to escape the ozone pollution that drifts east with the springtime winds. Now a team of researchers has found that shifts in atmospheric circulation explain the trends in Hawaiian ozone pollution.
 
The researchers found that since the mid-1990s, these shifts in have caused Asian reaching Hawaii to be relatively low in spring but rise significantly in autumn.
 
The study, led by Meiyun Lin, an associate research scholar in the Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (NOAA) at Princeton University and a scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, was published in Nature Geoscience.
 
"The findings indicate that decade-long variability in climate must be taken into account when attributing U.S. surface trends to rising Asian emissions," Lin said. She conducted the research with Larry Horowitz and Songmiao Fan of GFDL, Samuel Oltmans of the University of Colorado and the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory in Boulder; and Arlene Fiore of the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University.
 
Although protective at high altitudes, ozone near the Earth's surface is a greenhouse gas and a health-damaging air pollutant. The longest record of ozone measurements in the U.S. dates back to 1974 in Hawaii.
 
Over the past few decades, emissions of ozone precursors in Asia has tripled, yet the 40-year Hawaiian record revealed little change in ozone levels during spring, but a surprising rise in autumn.
 
Through their research, Lin and her colleagues solved the puzzle. "We found that changing wind patterns 'hide' the increase in Asian pollution reaching Hawaii in the spring, but amplify the change in the autumn," Lin said.
 
Using chemistry-climate models and observations, Lin and her colleagues uncovered the different mechanisms driving spring versus autumn changes in .
 
The findings indicate that the flow of ozone-rich air from Eurasia towards Hawaii during spring weakened in the 2000s as a result of La-Niña-like decadal cooling in the equatorial Pacific Ocean.
 
The stronger transport of Asian pollution to Hawaii during autumn since the mid-1990s corresponds to a positive pattern of atmospheric circulation variability known as the Pacific-North American pattern
 
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