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À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2015-12-01 Á¶È¸¼ö 709
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[¹Ì±¹] ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò ÃàÀûÀ¸·Î Çؾç ÇöûÅ©Åæ ±Þ¼Ó ¼ºÀå
 
ºÏ´ë¼­¾ç¿¡¼­ ¹ø¼ºÇÏ´Â ¹Ì¼¼ Çؾç Á¶·ù(microscopic marine alga)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °úÇÐÀû ¿¹ÃøÀº Çؾ翡¼­ Áõ°¡µÈ ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò(carbon dioxide)ÀÇ °á°ú·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ȯ°æ º¯È­¶ó°í ¹Ì±¹ Á¸ ȩŲ½º ´ëÇÐ(Johns Hopkins University) ¼Ò¼ÓÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÁøÀÌ ¼öÇàÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ¿¬±¸´Â ¹àÇû´Ù.

±×·¯³ª ÀÛÀº ÇöûÅ©Åæ °³Ã¼¿¡¼­ ±Þ¼ÓÇÑ ¼ºÀåÀÌ Áö±¸¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ÁÁÀº ¼Ò½ÄÀÎÁö ¶Ç´Â ³ª»Û ¼Ò½ÄÀÎÁö ¿©ºÎ¿¡ µû¶ó ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿¬±¸ °á°úÀÇ Àǹ̰¡ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù.

ÀÎÀ§ÀûÀÎ ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò ¹èÃâÀº ÇؾçÀ» »ê¼ºÈ­½ÃÅ°°í, ¼®È¸È­(calcification)¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÏ´Â ¿äÀÎÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ÃÊ·¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹ÃøµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª CPR(Continuous Plankton Recorder)·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾òÀº ÀڷḦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿©, ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ºÏ´ë¼­¾ç¿¡¼­ ÀÎÆí¸ðÁ¶·ùÀÇ ¹ß»ýÀº 1965~2010³â±îÁö 2-20% Áõ°¡Çß´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ º¯È­¿¡ ´ëÇØ 20°³ ¹Ì¸¸ÀÇ °¡´ÉÇÑ È¯°æ ÃßÁøÀÚ¸¦ Á¶»çÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ÀÓÀÇÀû »ï¸² ¸ðµ¨(Random Forest models)À» »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. ¿¬±¸°á°ú´Â ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò¿Í ´ë¼­¾çÀÇ ¼ö½Ê ³â¿¡ °ÉÄ£ Áøµ¿ÀÌ °¡Àå ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¿¹ÃøÀÚ·Î, º¸´Ù ´õ ³ôÀº ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò ¼öÁØÀÌ ¼ºÀåÀ» ÃËÁøÇÑ´Ù´Â °¡Á¤¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁÖ¾ú´Ù. 41°³ µ¶¸³ÀûÀÎ ½ÇÇè½Ç ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ¸ðÀ½Àº ¿¬±¸ÁøÀÇ °¡Á¤À» ÁöÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¬±¸´Â ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò¿Í ±â¿ÂÀÇ Áõ°¡°¡ ź¼Ò ¼øȯ(carbon cycling)¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ ½Ä¹°¼ºÇöûÅ©ÅæÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀ» °¡¼Ó½ÃŲ´Ù°í Á¦¾ÈÇß´Ù.

»çÀ̾𽺠Àú³Î¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÈ ¿¬±¸´Â 1965³âºÎÅÍ 2010³â »çÀÌ¿¡ ´Ü¼¼Æ÷ÀÎ ÀÎÆí¸ðÁ¶·ù(coccolithophores)ÀÇ °³Ã¼°¡ 10¹è Áõ°¡Çß´Ù´Â ¼¼ºÎÀûÀÎ »ç½ÇÀ» Á¦½ÃÇßÀ¸¸ç, ƯÈ÷ 1990³â´ë ÈÄ¹Ý ÀÌÈÄ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿¶Àº ²®ÁúÀÇ ºÎÀ¯ÇÏ´Â ½Ä¹°¼ºÇöûÅ©ÅæÀÇ °³Ã¼´Â Å©°Ô Áõ°¡Çß´Ù.

ÀÌ»óÇÑ Á¡Àº ¿ì¸®°¡ »ý°¢ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ ºü¸£°Ô ÀϾ´Ù´Â Á¡À̶ó°í ÀÌ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ 5¸íÀÇ ÀúÀÚ Áß ÇÑ »ç¶÷À̸ç, Á¸ ȩŲ½º ´ëÇÐ Morton K. Blaustein Áö±¸ ¹× Ç༺°úÇкÎ(Morton K. Blaustein Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences) ¼Ò¼ÓÀÇ Á¶±³¼öÀÎ Anand GnanadesikanÀº ¹àÇû´Ù.

GnanadesikanÀº »çÀ̾𽺠º¸°í¼­°¡ ƯÈ÷ ÀÎÆí¸ðÁ¶·ù¸¦ ¼·ÃëÇÏ´Â ÇÇÁ¶¹°¿¡°Ô´Â ÁÁÀº ´º½ºÁö¸¸, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÇÇÁ¶¹°ÀÌ ¾î¶² °³Ã¼ÀÎÁö´Â ¸íÈ®ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í ¹àÇû´Ù. ¿ì·ÁÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ Á¡Àº ¿¬±¸ °á°ú°¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ýÅ°èÀÇ ±â´ÉÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª º¹ÀâÇÑÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾Æ´Â °ÍÀÌ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù´Â Á¡À̶ó°í ÁöÀûÇß´Ù. °á°ú´Â ±Þ¼ÓÇÑ »ýÅÂ°è º¯È­(ecosystem change)ÀÇ °¡´É¼ºÀ¸·Î Á¶¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ýÅ°谡 ±âÈÄ º¯È­¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ¹ÝÀÀÇϴ°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¸ðµ¨ÀÌ ³Ê¹«³ª º¸¼öÀûÀ̶ó´Â »ç½ÇÀ» Á¦¾ÈÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ±×´Â ¹àÇû´Ù.

1960³â´ë Áß¹Ý ÀÌÈÄ ºÏ´ë¼­¾ç°ú ºÏÇطκÎÅÍ ¿¬¼ÓÀûÀÎ ÇöûÅ©Åæ ±â·Ï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¶»ç ÀÚ·áÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÆÀ ºÐ¼®Àº Çؾ翡¼­ Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò°¡ ÀÎÆí¸ðÁ¶·ù °³Ã¼ÀÇ °©ÀÛ½º·¯¿î Áõ°¡¸¦ À¯¹ß½ÃÄ×´Ù°í ÀÌ ³í¹®ÀÇ ÁÖÀúÀÚÀ̸ç Á¸ ȩŲ½º ¹Ú»ç °úÁ¤ ÇлýÀÎ Sara Rivero-CalleÀº ¹àÇû´Ù. ½ÇÇè½Ç ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ÃàÀûÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °¡Á¤À» ÁöÁöÇÑ´Ù°í ±×³à´Â ¹àÇû´Ù. ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò´Â ¿Â½Ç°¡½º·Î Áö±¸ ¿Â³­È­¸¦ Ã˹ßÇÏ´Â ¿äÀÎ Áß ÇϳªÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, °úÇÐÀû ±Ù°Å¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ ÀÌ¹Ì ÁöÀûµÈ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù.

CPR·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾òÀº ÇöÀå ÀÚ·á¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸ÁøÀÇ Åë°èÇÐÀû ºÐ¼®Àº ÀÎÆí¸ðÁ¶·ù¿¡¼­ Áõ°¡¸¦ ¿¹ÃøÇÏ´Â ÃÖÀûÀÇ ¿¹ÃøÀÚ°¡ ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò¶ó´Â Á¡À» ÁöÀûÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í Rivero-CalleÀº ¹àÇû´Ù. ¼ö³â¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ÀÌ»êȭź¼ÒÀÇ ¹èÃâ °á°ú´Â ÀÌ¹Ì ÀϾ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ºù»êÀÇ ÀÏ°¢ÀÌ´Ù.

CPR Á¶»ç´Â ÇØ¾ç ¸ÔÀÌ »ç½½ÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ ºÎºÐÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ºÎÀ¯¼º À¯±âüÀÎ ÇöûÅ©ÅæÀÇ ¿¬±¸¸¦ Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÇàÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®´Â 1930³â´ë ÃÊ ºÏ´ë¼­¾ç°ú ºÏÇØ¿¡¼­ ¿µ±¹ ÇØ¾ç »ý¹°ÇÐÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Âø¼öµÆ´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®´Â »ó¿ë ¼±¹ÚÀÌ Á¤±âÀûÀÎ °æ·Î·Î Ç×ÇØÇÒ ¶§ ¹°À» Åë°úÇÏ´Â ±â°èÀûÀ¸·Î ÇöûÅ©ÅæÀ» ¼öÁýÇÏ´Â ÀåÄ¡¸¦ ²ø¾î¼­ ¼öÇàµÆ´Ù.

ÀÌ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ °øµ¿ ÀúÀÚÀÎ ¹Ì±¹ ¸ÞÀÎÁÖ Bigelow ÇØ¾ç °úÇÐ ½ÇÇè½Ç(Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences) ¼Ò¼ÓÀÇ William M. Balch´Â °úÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ º¸´Ù ´õ ³ôÀº ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÇØ¾ç »ê¼ºµµ°¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹é¾ÇÁú ²®Áú À¯±âü¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹ÃøÇØ¿Ô´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ½ÇÁ¦´Â ´Ù¸¥ °á°ú·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ÇÑÆí, ÀÎÆí¸ðÁ¶·ù °³Ã¼ÀÇ Áõ°¡´Â ȯ°æ º¯È­ÀÇ ¿ª»çÀû ÁöÇ¥¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù.

ÀÎÆí¸ðÁ¶·ù´Â ÀüÇüÀûÀ¸·Î Áö±¸ÀÇ ¿Â³­ÇÑ °£ºù±â¿Í ³ôÀº ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò ³óµµ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ±â°£ µ¿¾È ´õ dzºÎÇß´Ù°í Á¶·ù¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àú¸íÇÑ °úÇÐÀÚÀÎ Balch´Â ¹àÇû´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ °á°ú´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿ª»çÀûÀÎ ±â·Ï°ú ÀÏÄ¡Çϸç, ¼®Åº ±¤»ê¿¡¼­ Ä«³ª¸®¾Æó·³ ÀüÁ¶ Áõ»óÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í Balch´Â ¹àÇû´Ù.

ÀÎÆí¸ðÁ¶·ù´Â ´ÜÀÏ ¼¼Æ÷ Á¶·ù·Î ź»êÄ®½·(calcium carbonate) ¶Ç´Â ¹é¾ÇÁú·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ ¿¶Àº ¿ø¹ÝÀÇ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ Å¬·¯½ºÅÍ¿¡ ½º½º·Î¸¦ °¨Ãá´Ù. ÀÎÆí¸ðÁ¶·ù´Â ´ë±â Áß ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò ¼öÁØ¿¡ ÇÑ ¿äÀÎÀΠź»êÄ®½· ¼øȯ¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ´Ü±âÀûÀ¸·Î, ´ë±â·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇϱ⠾î·ÆÁö¸¸, Àå±âÀûÀ¸·Î ¼ö õ ³âÀÇ ±â°£À» °í·ÁÇϸé, ÀÎÆí¸ðÁ¶·ù´Â ´ë±â¿Í ÇؾçÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÏ¿© ±íÀº Çؾ翡 ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò¸¦ °¡µÎ´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù.

¿À·£ ½Ã°£¿¡ °ÉÃÄ, ÀÎÆí¸ðÁ¶·ù´Â Áö±¸»ó¿¡ ÀÚÃ븦 ³²°ÜµÎ°í, »ó´çÇÑ È¯°æ º¯È­¸¦ º¸¿©Áִµ¥ ±â¿©Çß´Ù. ¿µ±¹ µµ¹öÀÇ Èò ¾Ïº®(White Cliffs of Dover)Àº ´ë·®ÀÇ ÀÎÆí¸ðÁ¶·ùÀÇ Ä§ÂøÀ¸·Î ÇϾé°Ô º¸ÀδÙ. ±×·¯³ª ´õ ±ÙÁ¢ÇÑ Á¶»ç´Â ÇϾá»ö ħÂøÀÌ ½Ç¸®ÄÜÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø À¯¸® °°Àº ²®ÁúÀ» °¡Áø À¯±âüÀÇ »ý¼º¹°¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Â÷´ÜµÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿© ÁÖ¾ú´Ù°í GnanadesikanÀº ¹àÇû´Ù.

¸¸¾à ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÎÆí¸ðÁ¶·ùÀÇ Áõ°¡¸¦ À¯¹ßÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ±Ô¸íÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ º¯È­°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÃßÁøÇÏ´ÂÁö ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í GnanadesikanÀº ¹àÇû´Ù.
 
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Rapid plankton growth in ocean seen as sign of carbon dioxide loading

A microscopic marine alga is thriving in the North Atlantic to an extent that defies scientific predictions, suggesting swift environmental change as a result of increased carbon dioxide in the ocean, a study led a by Johns Hopkins University scientist has found.

What these findings mean remains to be seen, however, as does whether the rapid growth in the tiny plankton's population is good or bad news for the planet.

Published Thursday in the journal Science, the study details a tenfold increase in the abundance of single-cell coccolithophores between 1965 and 2010, and a particularly sharp spike since the late 1990s in the population of these pale-shelled floating phytoplankton.

"Something strange is happening here, and it's happening much more quickly than we thought it should," said Anand Gnanadesikan, associate professor in the Morton K. Blaustein Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Johns Hopkins and one of the study's five authors.

Gnanadesikan said the Science report certainly is good news for creatures that eat coccolithophores, but it's not clear what those are. "What is worrisome," he said, "is that our result points out how little we know about how complex ecosystems function." The result highlights the possibility of rapid ecosystem change, suggesting that prevalent models of how these systems respond to climate change may be too conservative, he said.

The team's analysis of Continuous Plankton Recorder survey data from the North Atlantic Ocean and North Sea since the mid-1960s suggests rising carbon dioxide in the ocean is causing the coccolithophore population spike, said Sara Rivero-Calle, a Johns Hopkins doctoral student and lead author of the study. A stack of laboratory studies supports the hypothesis, she said. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas already fingered by scientific consensus as one of the triggers of global warming.

"Our statistical analyses on field data from the CPR point to carbon dioxide as the best predictor of the increase" in coccolithophores, Rivero-Calle said. "The consequences of releasing tons of CO2 over the years are already here and this is just the tip of the iceberg."

The CPR survey is a continuing study of plankton, floating organisms that form a vital part of the marine food chain. The project was launched by a British marine biologist in the North Atlantic and North Sea in the early 1930s. It is conducted by commercial ships trailing mechanical plankton-gathering contraptions through the water as they sail their regular routes.

William M. Balch of the Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences in Maine, a co-author of the study, said scientists might have expected that ocean acidity due to higher carbon dioxide would suppress these chalk-shelled organisms. It didn't. On the other hand, their increasing abundance is consistent with a history as a marker of environmental change.

"Coccolithophores have been typically more abundant during Earth's warm interglacial and high CO2 periods," said Balch, an authority on the algae. "The results presented here are consistent with this and may portend, like the 'canary in the coal mine,' where we are headed climatologically."

Coccolithophores are single-cell algae that cloak themselves in a distinctive cluster of pale disks made of calcium carbonate, or chalk. They play a role in cycling calcium carbonate, a factor in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. In the short term they make it more difficult to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, but in the long term - tens and hundreds of thousands of years - they help remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and oceans and confine it in the deep ocean.

In vast numbers and over eons, coccolithophores have left their mark on the planet, helping to show significant environmental shifts. The White Cliffs of Dover are white because of massive deposits of coccolithophores. But closer examination shows the white deposits interrupted by slender, dark bands of flint, a product of organisms that have glassy shells made of silicon, Gnanadesikan said.

"These clearly represent major shifts in ecosystem type," Gnanadesikan said. "But unless we understand what drives coccolithophore abundance, we can't understand what is driving such shifts. Is it carbon dioxide?"
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