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À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2014.04.08 Á¶È¸¼ö 1565
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À̵¿½Ä ¿©°úÀåÄ¡, ¡®Çõ½ÅÀû °³¹ß¡¯¡¦°í¿Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­µµ Àû¿ë °¡´É
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ÇÊÅÍ»ê¾÷(Filtration industry) Àº ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¼º´ÉÀ¸·Î »õ·Ó°Ô °³¹ßµÈ ¼³ºñµéÀÇ Æ÷Æ®Æú¸®¿À ±¸Ãà ¹× ¼³ºñ¸¦ °³¹ßÇÏ´Â °íµµÀÇ ±â¼ú·ÂÀ» °®Ãá ±â¾÷µéÀÇ »óÈ£ ¿¬±¸ ³ë·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© Ä¿´Ù¶õ ¹ßÀüÀ» ÀÌ·ç¾ú´Ù. 

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±â¼ú°³¹ßÀÇ ³»¿ëÀº ¸¹Àº ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ ½±°Ô Á¢ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÆ´Ù. 35³â°£ filtration(ÇÊÅÍ) ¹× separation(ºÐ¸®) ºÐ¾ß °øÁ¤ ¿£Áö´Ï¾î Àü¹®°¡ÀÌÀÚ ¸¶ÄÉÆà ÄÁ¼³ÅÏÆ®·Î ±Ù¹«ÇÑ ÄË ¼­´ø·£µå(Ken Sutherland)¾¾´Â 
Áö³­ 50³â°£ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ÇÊÅÍ°øÁ¤ ±â¼ú°³¹ß 10°¡Áö ÁÖ¿ä Ç׸ñÀ» Á¤¸®Çß´Ù. ±× ³»¿ëÀ» ¹ø¿ªÇß´Ù
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1. º¹ÇÕ¸Þµð¾Æ ÀåÂø ÆÐÅ°ÁöÇü ÇÊÅÍ
(Multi-media packed beds)

»ç¿©°úÃþ(sand bed) ÇüÅÂÀÇ ÇÊÅÍ´Â ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ÇÊÅͷνá À¯ÀÔ¼öÀÇ È帧ÀÌ ÇÏÇâ·ù·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö¸ç ³»ºÎ ÃàÀûµÇ´Â °íÇü¹°ÁúÀÇ ¼¼Á¤ÀÌ ½±°Ô 󸮵Ǵ ÆÐÅ°Áö ÇüÅÂ(packed bed)·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. 

ÀÏÁ¤½Ã°£ µ¿¾È ¿©°ú°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ÈÄ ¿ø¼öÀÇ ¿©°ú È帧Àº Á¤ÁöµÇ¸ç »óÇâ·ù È帧ÀÇ ¿ª¼¼°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§ bed»ó¿¡ ħÀûµÈ °íÇü¹°ÁúÀÌ bed°¡ ÆØâÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È Á¦°ÅµÇ¸ç ¹èÃâ¼ö ¶óÀÎÀ» ÅëÇØ ¹èÃâµÈ´Ù. 

±× ÀÌÈÄ ´Ù½Ã ¿©°ú ¹× ¿ª¼¼ °úÁ¤ÀÇ »çÀÌŬÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö±â Àü, ¿ø¼öÀÇ °íÇü¹°ÁúÀÌ ´Ù½Ã bed»ó¿¡ ħÀûµÇµµ·Ï bed ³»ºÎÀÇ ¸Þµð¾Æ¸¦ À籸¼ºÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ½¬¿î ÀÏÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦±îÁö bedÀÇ À籸¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ¼Ò°³µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, °¡Àå ¼º°øÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î´Â ÀÔÀÚ¼º ¸Þµð¾Æ(granule)À» ¿©·¯ ÃþÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. 

¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ³óµµ¸¦ °®´Â ¸Þµð¾Æ·Î ±¸¼º, ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ÀÔÀÚ»ó Å©±â(particle size)·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ°Ô ÇÏ¿© Àç¹èÄ¡(resettling) ¹× ¿ª¼¼ °úÁ¤ÀÌ ¿øÈ°Çϵµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀÌ´Ù. Áï, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¸Þµð¾ÆÀÇ ±¸¼ºÀº garnet, fine sand ¹× anthracite ¼øÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ º¹ÇÕ¸Þµð¾Æ(multi-media)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â »ç¿©°ú ÇÊÅÍ(sand bed)´Â ¼ö¸íÀ» »ó´çÈ÷ ¿À·£ ±â°£ µ¿¾È ¿¬Àå½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

   
¡ã ¿©°ú ¹× ħÀü¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ºÐ¸®´Â ¾ÆÁÖ ¿À·¡µÈ °øÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù.


The 'sand bed' is probably the oldest type of filter still in wide and everyday use, with its origins long lost in history. For most of that time, the sand bed has taken the form of a packed bed of easily cleaned inert solids, with the feed suspension flowing downwards through it. 
After sufficient time has elapsed the liquid flow is stopped and replaced by a backwash flow moving upwards, causing the bed of solids to expand and release the accumulated dirt into the discharge zone. It is difficult to set the bed up in this way, to ensure that when resettled the particles are in the same relative position as before they were backwashed. 
A number of arrangements have been tried, and been moderately successful, but the most successful by far uses several different layers of granules, each composed of a solid with a significantly different density and milled to significantly different particle sizes, such that the whole bed of solids separated itself out into the original layers, on resettling, after backwashing. 
Typical solids for this purpose would be garnet, flint sand and anthracite. This multi-media idea has extended the practical life of the sand bed by a considerable amount, which is good because it is a very simple filter.
 
2. À̵¿½Ä º£µå ÇÊÅÍ(Moving Bed Filters)

ÇÊÅÍÀåÄ¡ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ Çõ½ÅÀû °³¹ß·Î ºÒÈ°¼ºÀÇ ÀÔÀÚ»ó ¸Þµð¾Æ(inert granular solid) ÀåÂøÀÇ ÆÐÅ°ÁöÇü ÇÊÅÍ(packed bed)¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Àִµ¥ ÀÌ´Â ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ÇÊÅÍÀåÄ¡¿Í´Â ¼³°è¡¤¿îÀüÁ¶°ÇÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀÌ Æ¯Â¡ÀÌ´Ù. 


ÇÊÅÍ ÀåÄ¡ ½ÃÀåÀ» ¼ºÀåÀ¸·Î À̲ø°í ÀÖ´Â ÇÙ½É ºÐ¾ß·Î´Â  ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ ÀÔÀÚ Á¦°Å¿Í ¹èÃâ°¡½º ¿©°úó¸® µî°ú °°Àº °í¿ÂÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ Àû¿ëÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÊÅÍÀåÄ¡ µîÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. °í¿Â ¿©°ú¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¹®Á¦Á¡Àº ÀÏ¹Ý ÇÊÅÍÀåÄ¡¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¸Þµð¾Æ(õ¿¬¼¶À¯ ȤÀº ÇÕ¼º °íºÐÀÚ¼¶À¯)·Î´Â ¿©°ú¿¡ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â °í¿ÂÀÇ ¿îÀü¿Âµµ¸¦ °ßµô ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. 

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç¿ë ¿Âµµ ¹üÀ§ÀÇ Á¦ÇÑ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÀϺΠ¸Þµð¾Æ´Â ³ôÀº ¿Âµµ¿¡¼­ µ¿À۵ǵµ·Ï fluoropolymer¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Á¦ÀÛÇϰųª º¸´Ù ³ôÀº ¿Âµµ¿¡¼­ ¼Ò°áó¸®µÈ ½ºÅÙ°­ÀÇ ¸Þ½¬ (sintered stainless steel mesh) ±¸Á¶·Î ¼Ò°áÇÏ¿© ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¶°ÇÀ» ±Øº¹ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À̶§ ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â °í¿ÂÀÇ ¹èÃâ°¡½º´Â ¿©·¯ ¹®Á¦Á¡À» ¹ß»ý½ÃÅ°±â¿¡ ºÒÈ°¼º ÀÚ°¥ ¼ÒÀç(inert pebbles)·Î µÈ moving packed bedÀÇ °³¹ß·Î ÇØ°áÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.

À̵¿½Ä º£µå ÇÊÅÍ(moving bed filter) ¼³ºñ´Â ºñ±³Àû Å« Á÷°æÀÇ ÇÊÅÍ¿ë º£¼¿ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϸç pebblesÀº ¹Ý´ë¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ÇÏÇâ ¿îÀüµÈ´Ù. ¹Ý¸é, hot dirty gas´Â ÇÊÅÍ º£¼¿À» ÅëÇÏ¿© »óÇâ¿îÀüÀÌ ÀÌ·ïÁø´Ù. ÇÊÅÍÀåÄ¡ÀÇ ÇϺο¡¼­´Â ÀÚ°¥ ¼Ó¿¡ ÈíÂøµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀº ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ °¡½ºÀÇ ÁÖÀÔ È¤Àº ¼Ò·®ÀÇ ¿ª¼¼¼ö¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© Á¦°ÅµÇ¸ç ÀÚ°¥ÃþÀº Àç»ç¿ëÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ¼¼Ã´ÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù. ¼¼Ã´¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ °¡½º´Â Àç»ç¿ëÀ̳ª ¾ÈÀüÇÑ ¹èÃâÀ» À§ÇØ ÇÊÅÍÀåÄ¡ÀÇ »óºÎ·Î  ºüÁ®³ª°£´Ù.

   
¡ã À̵¿½Ä º£µå ÇÊÅÍ(moving bed filters)


The second advance in filtration equipment to be mentioned here also involves a packed bed of inert granular solids, but under very different design and operating circumstances. Two of the major driving forces acting on the filtration market are the need for finer particle sized products, and the need to be able to cope with hotter systems, especially in exhaust gas filtration.
The problem with hot gas filtration is the inability of the standard filter media: natural fibres or synthetic polymers-to stand up to the required operating temperatures. Over limited temperature ranges, some media will withstand the conditions, using, say, fluoropolymers for moderate temperatures, or sintered stainless steel meshes for more arduous conditions. Higher temperature exhaust gases pose a severe problem, which is being solved by a development of the moving packed bed of inert pebbles.
The moving bed filter involves a comparatively wide diameter filter vessel with pebbles flowing downwards counter-current to the hot dirty gas flow upwards through the filter vessel. At the base of the filter the now dirt laden pebbles are swept away by a smaller gas or water flow, which cleans the pebbles for recycling to the filter vessel. The cleaned process gas leaves from the top of the filter for re-use or for safe discharge. Along with the multi-media systems, these two have brought the packed bed reactors into prominence again.
 
3. ½ÊÀÚÇü ¿©°ú ȤÀº ¼øȯÇü ¿©°ú ÇÊÅÍ
(Cross-flow Filtration)

 
°ú°Å Ãʱâ ÇÊÅ͹æ½Ä °³¹ß ÀÌÈÄ ÇÊÅÍ ³»¿¡¼­ÀÇ È帧Àº º¯È­°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. Áï °¡½º ¹× ¹° ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ºÎÀ¯»óÅÂÀÇ ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ ÀÔÀÚ ¹°ÁúµéÀº ÇÊÅÍ¿ë º£¼¿ÀÇ À¯ÀÔ¼ö ¶óÀÎÀ¸·Î Èê·¯ µé¾î¿Í ³»ºÎÀÇ ÇÊÅÍ ¸Þµð¾Æ¸¦ Åë°úÇϸ鼭 ÇÊÅÍ¿ë º£¼¿ ¿ÜºÎ·Î ³ª°¡°Ô µÇ´Â °úÁ¤À» °ÅÄ£´Ù. 

ÀÌ ¶§, ÀϺÎÀÇ ºÎÀ¯¼º ¹°ÁúÀÌ ¸Þµð¾Æ »ó¿¡ ºÎÂøµÇ¾î Á¦°Å°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ ÀÔÀÚ¹°ÁúÀÎ ½½·¯¸®´Â ¿©°ú¿ë ¸Þµð¾Æ¿¡ Á÷°¢À¸·Î ÀÛ¿ëµÇ´Âµ¥, À̸¦ Àü·®¿©°ú(through-flow ȤÀº dead-end flow) ¹æ½ÄÀ̶ó ºÎ¸¥´Ù. 

ÀÌ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ À¯ÀÔ¼ö³» ºÎÀ¯¼º ¹°ÁúÀÌ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Á¦°Å µÇµµ·Ï ÀûÀýÇÑ ÇÊÅÍ ÀåÄ¡°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¸ç ÇÊÅÍ ³»¿¡ ºÎÂøµÈ ºÎÀ¯¹°ÁúÀº ¼öµ¿À̳ª ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î Á¦°ÅµÉ ¶§±îÁö ±× »óŸ¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.

¸âºê·¹ÀÎÀ» ÇÊÅÍ ¸Þµð¾Æ·Î »ç¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Á¦°Å¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ´ë¾ÈÀÌ µµÀԵƴÙ. ÇÊÅÍ ¾ç´Ü¿¡ »ý±â´Â ³ôÀº ¾Ð·ÂÀÇ Â÷¾Ð(pressure drop)À¸·Î ¿©°ú°¡ ÀÌ·ïÁö¸é¼­ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯·Î °¡´ÉÇÑ ¾ãÀº ÃþÀÇ ¸âºê·¹ÀÎ ¸Þµð¾Æ »ç¿ëÀÌ °¡´ÉÇØÁ³´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °øÁ¤Àº À¯ÀÔ¼ö ³»ÀÇ ½½·¯¸®°¡ ÇÊÅÍ ¸Þµð¾Æ Ç¥¸é°ú ÆòÇàµÇ´Â È帧À¸·Î ÀÌ·ïÁø´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ» ½ÊÀÚÇü ¿©°ú(cross-flow ȤÀº tangential flow)¶ó°í ºÎ¸£¸ç À¯ÀÔ¼öÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐ ºÎÀ¯¼º ¹°ÁúÀº ÇÊÅÍ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ ³ôÀº ¾Ð·ÂÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ³óÃà¼ö ½½·¯¸® ÇüÅ·Π³óÃà¼ö ¶óÀÎÀ¸·Î ¹èÃâµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½ÊÀÚÇü ¿©°ú ¿îÀüÀº ÁÖ·Î ¸âºê·¹ÀÎ °øÁ¤¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÇ¾î ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àû¿ë È®´ë°¡ È°¹ßÇÏ°Ô ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù.

   
¡ã ½ÊÀÚÇü ¿©°ú ȤÀº ¼øȯÇü ¿©°ú ÇÊÅÍ(cross-flow filtration)


From the historical beginnings of filtration, the flow regimes in the filter have remained the same: a slurry of particles or liquid droplets, suspended in a gas or a liquid, has been introduced into the feed zone of the filter vessel, and from that zone is forced through the filter medium and out of the filter, leaving some or all of the suspended material trapped on or in the medium. 
This process has the slurry flowing at right-angles to the medium, and is known as through-flow (or dead-end flow), and the filter is chosen so as to separate a required proportion of the feed slurry, usually as free from the suspending fluid as possible, which remains in the filter until removed from it either manually or automatically.
An alternative scheme has come into prominence together with the use of membranes as filter media. It has become important because of the need to filter at high values of pressure drop across the filter, and thus to operate the membrane media with as thin a layer of filtered solid as possible. 
One way of achieving this has been to operate the filter with the flow of feed slurry across the filter, parallel to the surface of the filter medium, in what is known as cross-flow (or tangential flow), with most of the fed solids leaving from the high pressure side of the filter, as a concentrated slurry. The cross-flow filters have mainly been used so far in membrane processing, but applications for them as concentrators are increasingly being developed.

4. °íºÐÀÚÀüÇØÁú ÀÀÁýÁ¦(Polyelectrolyte Flocculants)

±â°èÀû¡¤¹°¸®Àû ºÐ¸®ÀÇ ÇÙ½É ±â¼ú·Î´Â ¿©°ú(filtration) ¹× ħÀü(sedimentation) °øÁ¤À¸·Î ºÐ·ùµÈ´Ù. ÀÌÁß Ä§Àü ±â¼úÀÇ ½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð´Â ¸Å¿ì ÀûÀº ºÐÆ÷¸¦ º¸À̳ª ½ÇÁ¦ Á¤¼öó¸®Àå ¼³Ä¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ´ë±Ô¸ð ¼³ºñ·Î ¼³Ä¡µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 


ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Ä§ÀüÁ¶ÀÇ ´ë±Ô¸ð ¼³ºñ´Â È¿°úÀûÀÎ ºÐ¸®ÀÛ¿ë¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÃæºÐÇÑ Ã¼·ù °ø°£À» È®º¸ÇØÁØ´Ù. Áö³­ 100³â ÀÌ»ó ¼öó¸® °øÁ¤¿¡¼­´Â ´ëºÎºÐ Áß·ÂÀÛ¿ë¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ºÐ¸® ±â¼úÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç Áß·ÂÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ Ä§Àü°øÁ¤ÀÇ ±â¼úÀº À¯ÀÔ ¿ø¼ö¿¡ ÀÀÁý¿ë ÄɹÌÄÃÀ» ÁÖÀÔÇÏ¿© ħÀü ¼º´ÉÀ» Çâ»ó½ÃÄÑ, ºÎÀ¯ »óÅÂÀÇ ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ ÀÔÀÚµéÀ» Ä¿´Ù¶õ Å©±âÀÇ Ç÷Ï(floc)È­·Î º¯È¯ÇÏ¿© ó¸®Çß´Ù. 

¿À·£ ±â°£ µ¿¾È ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÀÁýÁ¦´Â À¯±â¼º ÄɹÌÄÃÀ» ±âº»À¸·Î ÇÏ¿©, ÁַΠȲ»ê¾Ë¹Ì´½(alum) ȤÀº Æú¸®¿°È­¾Ë·ù¹Ì´½(polyvalent salt) µîÀÌ »ç¿ëµÆ´Ù. ÀÀÁýÁ¦´Â ħÀüÁ¶(clarifier) ÀåÄ¡ À¯ÀÔ¼ö ¶óÀο¡ ÁÖ·Î °íÇü ºÐ¸» ÇüÅ·Π¿ø¼ö³»ÀÇ ¼ø¼öÇÑ ¹°°ú È¥ÇÕ Èñ¼®ÇÏ¿© ÁÖÀԵǴµ¥, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °úÁ¤Àº ¸ñÇ¥ ¼º´ÉÄ¡¸¦ ¾ò±â ¾î·Æ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ À¯±â¼º °íºÐÀÚÀüÇØÁú(polyelectrolyte)ÀÇ °³¹ß·Î ȹ±âÀûÀÎ °³¼±ÀÌ ÀÌ·ïÁ³´Ù. ƯÈ÷, °íºÐÀÚÀÀÁýÁ¦(polyacrylamides) °³¹ßÀº ÀÚü ¾×»ó»óÅ·Π¹° ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ½±°Ô È®»êÀÌ µÇ¸ç ħÀüÁ¶ ³»¿¡ Á¤È®ÇÑ ¾çÀÇ ÁÖÀÔÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô µÆ´Ù. °íºÐÀÚÀüÇØÁúÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ¸·Î ħÀü°øÁ¤¿¡¼­ ¼º´É Çâ»óÀ» ÀÌ·ç¾úÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿©·¯ Á¾·ùÀÇ ¿©°ú¿ë ¼³ºñ°¡ È¥ÇÕ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °øÁ¤¿¡µµ Àû¿ëÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
 
The two major divisions of the mechanical separation topic are filtration and sedimentation, of which the latter, sedimentation, is much the smaller in market size, although some of its practical implementations (as water treatment plant, for example) can be quite large. The large plant size is a feature of the space required to achieve the necessary separation. For most of the hundred years or more that water treatment has been by gravity separation, the process has been aided by the addition to the feed water of a coagulant chemical, which converts the small particles of the natural suspension into the much larger flocs of a flocculated one.
For much of that time also, the coagulant would have been one based on an inorganic chemical, most likely alum or a similar polyvalent salt. This would usually have been added as a solid powder, well mixed into the impure water in the feed zone of the clarifier-not an easy process to achieve.
 
5. ºñÁ÷Á¶ÇüÅÂÀÇ ½ºÆݸáÆ® ¸Þµð¾Æ
(Spunmelt Nonwovens)
 

¿©°ú°øÁ¤Àº ÀÌÁ¦ °í¿ÂÀÇ ¿ø¼ö¸¦ ó¸®ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ¸ç ¿ø¼öÀÚü ¹× »ý»ê¼ö¿¡¼­µµ º¸´Ù ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ ÀÔÀÚ Ã³¸®¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ÀüȯµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ »ê¾÷°è´Â ±Þ¼ÓÇÏ°Ô thermopolymer¸¦ µµÀÔÇÏ°í ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ ÀÔÀÚ¸¦ ÃßÃâÇÏ´Â ´É·ÂÀ» °¡Áø´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±â´ÉÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ ¼¶À¯»ç °³¹ß µî °úÁ¤¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÏ°Ô µÆ´Ù.

Áï, ÇÊÅÍ ¸Þµð¾Æ·Î¼­ÀÇ ÆÄÀ̹ö ÀÚü°¡ ´õ ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ ±¸Á¶·Î Á¦À۵Ǹé ÇÊÅÍÀåÄ¡¿¡¼­ÀÇ ºÐ¸®ÀÛ¿ëÀº ´õ¿í ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ Ã³¸®°¡ °¡´ÉÇØÁø´Ù. °ú°Å¿¡´Â ´ëºÎºÐ ÇÊÅÍ»ê¾÷¿¡¼­ ºÐ¸®±â´ÉÀº ÁַΠõ¿¬¼¶À¯¿Í Çʶó¸àÆ®(¸ðÁ÷, ¸é»ç ¹× ½ÇÅ© µî)¸¦ Á÷Á¶ÇüÅÂ(woven) ȤÀº ºñÁ÷Á¶ÇüÅÂ(nonwoven)·Î Á¦ÀÛÇÏ¿© ÀÚü ÀçÁúÀÇ Æ¯¼º¿¡ °É¸Â´Â ºñ±³Àû ÃÊ´ëÇü Å©±â(coarse) ¸Þµð¾Æ·Î Á¦À۵ƴÙ. 

1990³â´ë Áß¹Ý ÀÏÂ÷ ¼ºÇüµÈ thermopolymerÀÇ °³¹ß°ú ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀçÁúÀ» Á¦ÀÛ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±â¼ú°³¹ß·Î ÀüÇô »õ·Î¿î ¼ÒÀçÀÎ ¡®spunmelts¡¯ ¼ÒÀç°¡ ź»ýÇÏ¿© ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¾·ù¿Í Å©±âÀÇ Á¦Ç°ÀÌ »ý»êµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Ãʱâ Á¦Ç°Àº spunbonded Á¦Ç°ÀÌ¸ç ±× ÈÄ melt blown, flash spun materials ·Î À̾îÁ³À¸¸ç electrospunÀ¸·Î ¹ßÀüµÅ Á¦Ç°È­µÆ´Ù. 

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀçÁúµéÀº º¹ÇÕ È­À̹ö·Î¼­ÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀ» °®µµ·Ï »óÈ£ ±³Â÷ ¼ºÇüÀ¸·Î Á¦ÀÛµµ °¡´ÉÇÏ¸ç ¸¶°¨ÀçÁú¿¡¼­µµ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Æ¯¼ºÀ» °¡Áø´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÇÊÅÍ»ê¾÷¿¡¼­ È¿°úÀûÀÎ ¹üÀ§ ³» Àû¿ëÀ» À§ÇØ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ó¸® °¡°øµÇ±âµµ Çß´Ù.
 
It has already been postulated that the filtration business is being driven by a need to handle hot fluids, and to deal with finer particles as feed and final products. The industry has taken rapidly to the arrival of thermopolymers, and the ability to extrude finer and finer fibres from them, as one solution to the finer particle aspect, given that the finer the fibre in the filter medium, the finer will be the degree of separation in the filter. 
For the greater part of the history of filtration, the separation has been achieved by the use of natural fibres and filaments (wool, cotton and silk) in woven or nonwoven (felt) form, creating only the relatively coarse media corresponding to these natural materials.
With the arrival in the mid-1900s of extruded thermopolymers, and the ability to manipulate them, came a whole new range of materials, called here the spunmelts and capable of production in a wide range of sizes. The first were the spunbondeds (extruded and then dry-laid as filaments), then came the melt blowns (extruded, then broken into shorter fibres by flow downwards through an air stream, and then dry-laid as fibres), then flash spun materials (co-extruded with solvent and then flash evaporated to give fibrillated fibres that self-bond when dry laid), and then electrospun (extruded into an electrostatic gradient and pulled to form extra fine filaments).
These materials can be co-extruded to give composite fibres, and treated in other ways, to give a tremendous variety of finished media, and correspondingly a useful range of filtration applications.

6. ¸âºê·¹ÀÎ ¸Þµð¾Æ(Membranes as Media)

¿©°ú °øÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© »ó´çÇÑ Áö½ÄÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô Áö³­ 50³â°£ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °³¹ßÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÌ³Ä°í ¹°À¸¸é ´ëºÎºÐ ÇÊÅÍ ¸Þµð¾Æ·Î ¸âºê·¹ÀÎÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ̶ó°í ´äÇÑ´Ù. ¸âºê·¹ÀÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ ¿©°ú¹æ¹ýÀº ¾à 50³â ÀüºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀ۵ǾúÀ¸¸ç ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¹Ù´å¹°·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸Å¿ì ¼ø¼öÇÑ ¼öÁúÀÇ ¹°À» ¾ò´Â ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÆ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¼ø¼öÇÑ ¿©°ú ±â´ÉÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ¸âºê·¹ÀÎ ÀçÁú»óÀÇ ºÐÀÚÅ©±â °ø°£À» ÅëÇÏ¿© ¹°ºÐÀÚ È®»ê(diffusion) ÀÛ¿ëÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ïÁö´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. 


Ãʱ⠸âºê·¹ÀÎÀº ¿ª»ïÅõ(reverse osmosis) ±â¼úÀÇ Àû¿ëÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç À̵麸´Ù ³·Àº ¿©°ú ¼º´ÉÀ» Ư¼ºÀ¸·Î °®´Â ¸âºê·¹ÀÎ(loose membrane)Àº ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¹üÀ§·Î ¸âºê·¹ÀÎ Á¾·ù¸¦ È®´ë½ÃÄ×´Ù. Áï, Å« ºÐÀÚ ¹°ÁúÀÇ Á¦°Å ±â´ÉÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÔÀÚ¼º ¹°ÁúÀÇ Á¦°Å±îÁö È®´ëµÇ¾î NF, UF ¹× MF ¸âºê·¹ÀÎÀÌ °³¹ßµÆ´Ù. UF ¸âºê·¹ÀÎÀº ¸Å¿ì ¼ø¼öÇÑ ¹° 󸮸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ °ø¹ýÀÌ µÆÀ¸¸ç MF ¸âºê·¹ÀÎÀº ½ÄÇ°, À½·á »ê¾÷ ¹× ÄɹÌÄà ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ´Ü¼øÇÑ Ãʱ⠺и®°øÁ¤¿¡ »ç¿ëÀÌ ºü¸£°Ô È®»êµÆ´Ù.

   
¡ã UF ¸âºê·¹ÀÎÀº ¸Å¿ì ¼ø¼öÇÑ ¹°ÀÇ Ã³¸®¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ °ø¹ýÀÌ µÆÀ¸¸ç, MF ¸âºê·¹ÀÎÀº ½ÄÇ°, À½·á »ê¾÷ ¹× ÄɹÌÄà ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ´Ü¼øÇÑ Ãʱ⠺и®°øÁ¤¿¡ »ç¿ëÀÌ ºü¸£°Ô È®»êµÆ´Ù. »çÁøÀº ½Ì°¡Æ÷¸£ Åõ¾Æ½ºÇÁ¸µ Çؼö´ã¼öÈ­ Ç÷£Æ®(Direction Tuaspring Desalination Plant)ÀÇ UF ¸âºê·¹ÀÎ.


Anyone with a reasonable knowledge of filtration, if asked to nominate the one most important development in the last 50 years, would probably suggest the use of membranes as filter media. This would be difficult to refute, especially in the context of seeking finer degrees of separation. 

It must be remembered that the filtration-related use of membranes started about 50 years ago with the removal of almost absolutely pure water from a range of salt waters, and it did so by means of diffusion-of the water molecules through the molecule-sized spaces in the material of the membrane-and not by filtration (hence the high trans-membrane pressure). 
This early usage of membranes, known as reverse osmosis, has expanded to a range of membrane processes, with progressively ?ooser?membranes, able to separate at higher molecular and then actual particle sizes, from nanofiltration through ultrafiltration and then microfiltration. Ultrafiltration is the process of choice in the purification of very pure water, while microfiltration using membranes is fast becoming the first thought for separations in the food and beverage or the chemicals sector.
 

7. ¼¼¶ó¹Í ÀçÁú ¸Þµð¾Æ(Ceramic Media)
 
³ôÀº ¿Âµµ¿ëÀÇ ÇÊÅÍ ±â´ÉÀ» °®´Â ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î ¼¼¶ó¹Í ÀÔÀÚÇüÅÂÀÇ ÀÛÀº ¹Ì¸³ÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ À̵¿Çü º£µå(moving bed) ±¸Á¶ÀÇ Àû¿ëÀº ÀÌ¹Ì ¼³¸íÇÑ ¹Ù¿Í °°´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¼¼¶ó¹Í ÇÊÅÍ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ±âµµ Çϴµ¥ ¼¼¶ó¹Í ÇÊÅÍÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀº ºÎ½Ä¼º À¯Ã¼¿¡ ³»¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀçÁúÀÇ Æ¯¼º»ó ºÒ±ÕÀÏÇÑ È¯°æÁ¶°Ç¿¡¼­ ½±°Ô ºÎ¼­Áö±â ½¬¿î °ÍÀÌ Ä¿´Ù¶õ ¹®Á¦·Î ´ëµÎµÆ´Ù. 

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹®Á¦´Â ÇöÀç ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÇØ°áµÆ´Ù. ¼¼¶ó¹Í ÀçÁúÀÇ Ç¥¸é¿¡ ¾ãÀº ÃþÀ¸·Î ¼Ò°á ¼ºÇü ±¸Á¶¸¦ °¡Áø Ä¿´Ù¶õ porous blockÀÇ »ç¿ë ȤÀº ¼¼¶ó¹Í ÆÄÀ̹öÀÇ µÎ²¨¿î Ãþ ¿ÜºÎ¿¡ ±âÀúºÎ(substrate)¸¦ °®µµ·Ï ÇÏ¿© Á¦ÀÛÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÇØ°áµÆ´Ù.

À°°¢¸é ºí·Ï ±¸Á¶ÀÇ ¼¼¶ó¹Í ¸Þµð¾Æ´Â ¼¼¶ó¹Í ¸âºê·¹ÀÎÀÇ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ÇüÅ·Π¿øÇüÀÇ ¾Ð·Â º£¼¿ ³»¿¡ ¼³Ä¡ °¡´ÉÇϸç ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì ºÐ¸®°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø °íÇü¹°ÁúÀÇ Åë·Î¸¦ À§ÇÑ °ø°£ÀÌ ¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù. 

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºí·Ï ±¸Á¶´Â Àüü º£¼¿ ±æÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó ¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ ¿øÇü ±¸¸ÛÀÌ ¸¸µé¾îÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸ç °¢°¢ÀÇ holeÀº ¾ãÀº ÃþÀÇ ¼¼¶ó¹Í ÀçÁú·Î, ¸âºê·¹ÀÎÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀ» °®µµ·Ï ÀûÀýÇÑ À§Ä¡¿¡ ¼Ò°á±¸Á¶·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÇöÀç ¼¼¶ó¹Í ¸Þµð¾Æ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ºÎ¼­Áö±â ½¬¿î Çö»óÀº ´õ ÀÌ»ó ¹®Á¦µÇÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Ù

   
¡ã ¼¼¶ó¹Í ÀçÁú ¸Þµð¾Æ(ceramic media)


Mention has already been made of a moving bed of ceramic granules as a successful means of providing a high temperature filter, but there are other forms of such a filter and other purposes for ceramic media in a filter. 
A major advantage of the ceramic filter element is that it can resist corrosive fluids, while its main problem is its brittleness, especially in unstable environments-a problem nowadays successfully solved either by the use of a coarsely porous block of ceramic material, with a fine layer of filter medium sintered onto one face, or by making the substrate out of a thick layer of ceramic fibres, which has enough flexibility to absorb any vibrations in the element.
The hexagonal ceramic brick is one form of the ceramic membrane, which can be arranged inside a cylindrical housing quite economically, and still leave space for separated solids if necessary. The brick has a number of cylindrical holes along its length, each hole being covered by a thin layer of ceramic, which is then sintered in place to provide a ceramic ?embrane? Fragility of the ceramic element is then not an issue.
 

8. ÁÖ¸§ÇüÅÂÀÇ °ø±â¿ë ÇÊÅÍ(Mini-Pleats)
 
°ø±âÀÇ ¿©°ú °øÁ¤, ƯÈ÷ ºôµùÀÇ ¿¡¾îÄÁµð¼Å´×À̳ª ¹ßÈ­¿ëÀÇ °ø±â Æ÷Áý¿ë Àû¿ë¿¡¼­´Â ´ë·®ÀÇ °ø±â¸¦ ¾ò´Â °úÁ¤ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î air filter ÀåÄ¡¿¡´Â ½Å±â¼ú ÇÊÅÍÀÎ ¸Þµð¾Æ ÀçÁúÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¾î¾ß Çϸç, ÇÊÅÍÇÏ¿ì¡ ¿ë·®¿¡ °¡Àå È¿À²ÀûÀÎ Å©±â ±¸Á¶¸¦ °¡Á®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. 

°ú°Å¿¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ air filter´Â ±³Ã¼°¡ °¡´ÉÇÑ Á¤¹æÇâ ÇüÅÂÀÇ pad ȤÀº panelÀ» ±âº» ±¸¼ºÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿© ´Ü´ÜÇÑ ±¸Á¶ÀÇ °íÁ¤Çü ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ´Â ±¸Á¶·Î, air filter ÇÏ¿ì¡ ¿Üº®¿¡ °ß°íÇÏ°Ô °íÁ¤ ¼³Ä¡°¡ µÆ´Ù. Á¤¹æÇâÀÇ ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ ³»¿¡´Â ºñÁ÷Á¶(nonwoven) ÀçÁúÀÇ °£´ÜÇÑ pad ȤÀº ¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ bagÀ̳ª pockets, ¶Ç´Â ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ÁÖ¸§ÇüÅÂÀÇ flat material µîÀ¸·Î ³»ÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ Áß ÁÖÀ§ ȯ°æ¿¡ °¡Àå È¿À²ÀÌ ÁÁÀº ¿©°ú ¸Þµð¾Æ·Î ¼±ÅÃµÇ¾î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÇ filter´Â air¿ë ¹× ±âŸ ´Ù¸¥ °¡½ºÀÇ °ø±â ¿©°ú ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ±¹Á¦±Ô°ÝÀÇ ¿ä±¸ Á¶°ÇÀ» ¸¸Á·ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç pad filters ÀÚü´Â ÇÏ¿ì¡ ³»¿¡¼­ »óÈ£ ±³Ã¼°¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ÁÖ¸§ ÇüÅÂÀÇ media¸¦ °¡Áø air filter´Â flat materialÀÇ ¾î´À ÇüÅ¿¡¼­µµ »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇϳª ÇöÀç °¡Àå È¿À²ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î´Â V-block ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ´Ù. 

ÀÌ´Â ÁÖ¸§ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¸Þµð¾Æ°¡ ¸î¸îÀÇ flat pack»ó¿¡ ¹è¿­µÇ¾î ´Ü´ÜÇÏ°í °íÁ¤µÈ ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ ³»¿¡ ¿¹¸®ÇÑ °¢µµ¸¦ °®µµ·Ï ¼³Ä¡µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±¸Á¶´Â ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ ³»¿¡¼­ °¡½ºÀÇ È帧À» ¿øÈ°ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ°í °É·¯Áø ºÒ¼ø¹°ÀÌ ÁöÁ¤µÈ À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÏÁ¤ÇÏ°Ô ¸ðÀÌ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ V-block ÇÊÅÍ´Â ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ °ø±â¿©°ú ÇÊÅÍÀÇ ÇÙ½É Á¦Ç°ÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

   
¡ã ÁÖ¸§ÇüÅÂÀÇ °ø±â¿ë ÇÊÅÍ


The filtration of air, especially for building air conditioning or for combustion air intakes, requires a large volumetric intake, not easily provided in a factory or large office situation. An acceptable air filter, for this purpose, must allow for the use of the most up-to-date filter media material, which in turn must be packed as economically as possible into the available filter housing volume. 
For a long time this kind of air filter has been based on the replaceable square pad or panel, held in a rigid frame, which makes a tight push fit into the wall of the air filter housing. The square frame has, variously, held a simple pad of nonwoven material, or a set of bags or pockets, or an array of pleated flat material. The actual medium has been chosen to give the most efficient filtration at the time.
This style of filter has been able to match the classifications developed for air and other gas filtration by international agreement (HEPA/ULPA, ASHRAE, etc), and so make the pad filters interchangeable in their housings.
The air filter with pleated media can utilise almost any of the types of flat material currently available for filtration purposes, but the most efficient at the present time is the V-block system, where the pleated medium is arranged in a small number of flat packs held in a rigid frame at an acute angle to its neighbours. This allows good gas flow dynamics within the frame and a good collection space for trapped dust. The V-block filter would appear to be the future of air filtration.
 

9. ÇÊÅÍ»ê¾÷ÀÇ ÄÁ¼³Æà ¾÷¹«(The Consultants)
 
ÇÊÅÍ»ê¾÷Àº ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Àû¿ë ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ º¹ÀâÇÑ °øÁ¤À¸·Î °ø±ÞÀڷκÎÅÍ °íµµÀÇ ¿£Áö´Ï¾î¸µ ±â¼ú°ú °øÁ¤±â¼úÀ» Á¦°ø¹Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °øÁ¤»óÀÇ ¿£Áö´Ï¾î ±â¼úÁö¿øÀ» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¼³ºñ Á¦Á¶¾÷üµé°ú ÀÌµé ¼³ºñ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â »ç¿ëÀÚµéÀº ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ ¼³°è ¹× ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ ¼±Åà °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ÄÁ¼³Æà Á¶¾ðÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡ Àü¹® ÄÁ¼³Æà ±×·ì¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù. 

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÄÁ¼³Æà Àü¹®°¡ÀÎ Derek Purchas´Â ¿À·§µ¿¾È ¿©°ú¿Í ħÀü±â¼ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÄÁ¼³Æà ¾÷¹«À» ´ã´çÇßÀ¸¸ç ÇÊÅÍ ¸Þµð¾Æ ¹× ¿©°ú ±â¼ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿©·¯ Àú¼úÀ» ³²°å´Ù. ±×´Â Filtration Society(ÇÊÅÍÇùȸ)ÀÇ Ãʱâ ȸÀå¿¡ ÃëÀÓÇÑ ÀÌÈÄ·Î 5ȸ ¿¬¼Ó ¿¬ÀÓÇßÀ¸¸ç, ±× ÈÄ ÇÊÅÍ»ê¾÷ÀÇ ºñÁî´Ï½º È®»ê¿¡ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ÄÁ¼³Æà ¾÷¹«¸¦ ÇØ¿À¸é¼­ ÄÁ¼³Æà ¾÷¹« ¿ªÇÒÀÇ ½ÅÀå¿¡µµ Ä¿´Ù¶õ °øÇåÀ» Çß´Ù.

The filtration business is a complex one in many of its applications, requiring advanced technical and process knowledge from its suppliers. For equipment manufacturing companies that cannot afford to maintain a process engineering support division, or for most equipment using companies, the occasional need for sound consultancy advice, on equipment design or selection, is provided by the expert consultant, advising on the finer points of equipment choice, say, or on the particular characteristics of the separation process.
For much of his professional life, until his untimely death, Derek Purchas embodied the specialist consultant with expertise in filtration and sedimentation, starting from a process engineering background (with British Ceca), and soon able to prepare some sizeable books descriptive of all aspects of filtration technology, and especially filter media selection. He was justifiably one of the early Chairmen of the Filtration Society: the fifth in succession.
His name is included here not only because he was a good consultant in the filtration business, but also because he fought long and hard for the establishment of the role of the individual consultant within the Institution of Chemical Engineers, for which the present-day chemical engineer has a lot to thank him for.
 
10. Society Foundation(ÇÊÅÍÇùȸÀÇ Ã¢¼³)
 
Áö³­ 50³â µ¿¾È ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø °³¹ß °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ¼±Á¤µÈ Ç׸ñÀº ¿µ±¹ ³» Filtration Society Çùȸ°¡ ¹®À» ¿­°Ô µÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© Bill Norris´Â ¡®Filtration+Separation¡¯À» â¼³, ¿©°ú»ê¾÷¿¡¼­ÀÇ ±â¼ú ÁöÇâÀûÀÎ Çùȸ â¼³ÀÇ ±âȸ¸¦ °®°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. 

ÀÌ Çùȸ â¼³À» ±âȸ·Î ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­µµ Americal Filtration Society°¡ »õ·Ó°Ô ¼³¸³µÆ´Ù. Bill NorrisÀÇ ÀüÆøÀûÀÎ Áö¿øÀ¸·Î FILTECH Àü½Ãȸ°¡ ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­, World Filtration Congress¸¦ Æĸ®¿¡¼­ °³ÃÖÇÏ¿© ¸Å¿ì ¼º°øÀûÀÎ °á°ú¸¦ °¡Á® ¿Ô´Ù. 
 
Just making its way into the 50-year time scale (because that is partly why the period has been chosen) is the formation of the Filtration Society in the UK. Bill Norris had successfully started the forerunner to Filtration+Separation, and he saw the opportunity for a professional society related to filtration (and perhaps a little more trade-friendly than other bodies of the day). He recruited a number of like-minded individuals and the Society was formed, which has continued, with only an occasional hiccough, to this day. 
 Whilst the formation and continued existence of the Filtration Society might have been enough to put it in this list, the full value from the Society? creation has come from what it triggered. Within a matter of months, Wells Shoemaker and Frank Tiller had started what became the American Filtration Society. 
With Bill Norris? support, Mike Taylor got the FILTECH exhibition off and running almost at the same time in the UK, and the World Filtration Congress series took off in Paris, ten years later. FILTECH and the World Congresses continue to be very successful, and do well to hold their own in the face of competition from ACHEMA.

 

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