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[¹Ì±¹] ºê¶ó¿î ¾Ø ÄݵåÀ£¡¤PWD, ÇÏ¡¤Æó¼ö ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼Ö¸®µå¼­ PFAS Àú°¨ À§ÇØ Çù·Â
À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2023.05.12 Á¶È¸¼ö 470
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[¹Ì±¹] ºê¶ó¿î ¾Ø ÄݵåÀ£¡¤PWD, ÇÏ¡¤Æó¼ö ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼Ö¸®µå¼­ PFAS Àú°¨À¸·Î Çù·Â


[»çÁøÃâó = ºê¶ó¿î ¾Ø ÄݵåÀ£(Brown and Caldwell)]

[»çÁøÃâó = ºê¶ó¿î ¾Ø ÄݵåÀ£(Brown and Caldwell)]

 

Æ÷Ʋ·£µå Áö¿ª ¿öÅÍ µð½ºÆ®¸¯Æ®(PWD)´Â PFAS·Î ¿À¿°µÈ ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼Ö¸®µå 󸮸¦ À§ÇØ ½Ã¼³ÀÇ °í±ÞÈ­¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ¸¶·ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Ž»ö ¹æ¼ö¿¡´Â À­ºÎºÐ °íÇü¹°¿¡¼­ PFAS¸¦ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ÁÙÀ̰ųª Á¦°ÅÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¿­ºÐÇØ ¹× °¡½ºÈ­¿Í °°Àº ¿ÜÀå ¿­ºÐÇØ ±â¼úÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵ˴ϴÙ.


4°³ÀÇ ÇÏ¡¤Æó¼ö󸮽ü³(WWTF)¿¡¼­ PWD´Â Æó¼ö¸¦ ó¸®ÇØ º¸ÀÌ´Â ¹°°ú ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼Ö¸®µå¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÑ´Ù. ¹°Àº ¼ö¿ªÀ¸·Î ¹æ·ùµÇ°í ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼Ö¸®µå´Â ó¸®µÈ ´ÙÀ½ ¸Å¸³Áö·Î ¿î¹ÝµÈ´Ù.


°ú°Å¿¡´Â ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼Ö¸®µå°¡ ½Ä¹° ¼ºÀå¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Çʼö ¿µ¾ç¼Ò¿Í À¯±â¹°À» ÇÔÀ¯ÇÏ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ºñ·á ¹× Åä¾ç °³·®Á¦·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾úÁö¸¸ ¡¸¸ÞÀιý(Maine Law)¡¹¿¡ µû¶ó Áִ û¼Ò ¹× °³ÀÎ °ü¸® Á¦Ç°À» Æ÷ÇÔÇØ ÀÏ»ó ¼ÒºñÀÚ ¹× »ê¾÷ Á¦Ç°¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â º¹ÀâÇÑ Á¦Á¶ È­Çй°Áú ±×·ìÀÎ PFASÀÇ Á¸Àç·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼Ö¸®µåÀÇ È®»êÀ» ±ÝÁöÇß´Ù. ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³ªµµ ȯ°æ¿¡ ±×´ë·Î ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ´É·Â ¶§¹®¿¡ '¿µ¿øÇÑ È­Çй°Áú'·Î °£ÁֵǴ PFAS´Â Åä¾ç, °ø±â ¹× Æó¼ö ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ¸·Î ¹èÃâµÇ´Â ¹èÃâ¹°¿¡¼­ °ËÃâµÆ´Ù. ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀÇ PFAS ³ëÃâ·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÀÎüÀÇ À¯ÇؼºÀ» °áÁ¤Çϱâ À§ÇÑ °úÇÐÀû ¿¬±¸°¡ ÁøÇà ÁßÀÌ´Ù.


¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼Ö¸®µå°¡ ºñ·á·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ±ÝÁöÇϸ鼭 ó¸® ¹®Á¦°¡ »ý°å´Ù. ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ ¸Å¸³Áö¸¦ ÁÖ¿ä Æó±â ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼Ö¸®µå´Â ¸Å¸³¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇϵµ·Ï 5:1 ÀÌ»óÀÇ ºñÀ²·Î ´Ù¸¥ ¹úÅ© Àç·á¿Í È¥ÇÕÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸ÞÀÎ ÁÖÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ ¸Å¸³Áö¿¡¼­¸¸ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ À¯ÇüÀÇ Æó±â¹°À» ¼ö¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä Æó±â¹° ¸Å¸³ÁöÀÎ ÁÖ´ÏÆÛ ¸®Áö ¸Å¸³Áö(Juniper Ridge Landfill)´Â ¸ÞÀÎ ÁÖÀÇ WWTF·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹Þ´Â ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼Ö¸®µåÀÇ ¾çÀ» ÁÙ¿´´Ù. ±× ÈÄ, ¸ÞÀÎ ÁÖÀÇ »ý¹° °íü´Â ÇöÀç Æ®·°À¸·Î ÁÖ ¹ÛÀÇ ¸Å¸³Áö ¹× ij³ª´Ù·Î ¿î¹ÝµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.


¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼Ö¸®µå¸¦ Áö¼Ó °¡´ÉÇÏ°í ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô °ü¸®Çϱâ À§ÇØ PWD´Â »ý»ê·®À» ÁÙÀÌ°í ¿î¹Ý ¹× Æó±â ºñ¿ëÀ» ³·Ã߸ç À¯ÀÍÇÑ »ç¿ë ¿É¼ÇÀ» Ž»öÇÏ´Â ¼Ö·ç¼ÇÀ» °ËÅäÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. °í·Á ÁßÀÎ ¼Ö·ç¼ÇÀº PFAS¸¦ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°í °æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ÁÙÀ̰ųª Á¦°ÅÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¿­ºÐÇØ ¹× °¡½ºÈ­¿Í °°Àº °í±Þ ¿­ ºÐÇØ ±â¼úÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Áö¿ª ½Ã¼³À» °Ç¼³ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


PWD´Â ȯ°æ ÄÁ¼³Æà ȸ»çÀÎ ºê¶ó¿î ¾Ø ÄݵåÀ£(Brown and Caldwell)°ú Çù·ÂÇÏ¿© °³³ä °èȹÀ» °³¹ßÇÏ°í À¯¸ÁÇÑ ±â¼úÀ» Á¶»çÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. °í·Á ÁßÀÎ ¼Ö·ç¼Ç Áß Çϳª´Â ¿­ºÐÇØ ¹× °¡½ºÈ­, ¿­ Àû¿ëÀ» ÅëÇØ À¯±â ¹°ÁúÀ» È­ÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î ºÐÇØÇÏ¿© ¿¬·á°¡ dzºÎÇÑ ¿ÀÇÁ °¡½º(off-gas) ¹× °¡Ä¡ ÀÖ°í ȯ°æÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ÈÀüÇÑ ¹ÙÀÌ¿À ½¡À» »ý¼ºÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿­ »êÈ­¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿ÀÇÁ °¡½º¸¦ ¿­¿øÀ¸·Î Àç»ç¿ëÇϰųª Àü·ÂÀ» »ý¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º´Â ÀáÀçÀûÀ¸·Î PFAS¸¦ Æı«ÇÏ¿© ¹ÙÀÌ¿À ½¡ Àç»ç¿ë ¶Ç´Â ´ë±â ¹èÃâ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì·Á¸¦ ¿ÏÈ­ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


[¿ø¹®º¸±â]


Portland Water District (Maine) takes proactive steps to tackle PFAS-contaminated wastewater biosolids

A regional solution is being developed to reduce or eliminate PFAS, so called ¡°forever chemicals¡± from wastewater biosolids


 

The Portland Water District (PWD) is exploring options for an advanced regional facility to treat PFAS-contaminated biosolids. Solutions being explored include advanced thermal destruction technologies, such as pyrolysis and gasification, to safely and economically reduce or eliminate PFAS from biosolids.


At its four wastewater treatment facilities (WWTFs), PWD treats wastewater to produce clean water and biosolids. The clean water is released into receiving waters, and the biosolids are treated, then transported to landfills.


In the past, biosolids were used as a fertilizer and soil amendment as they contain essential nutrients and organic matter for plant growth. Under Maine law LD 1911, the state banned the spread of biosolids due to the presence of PFAS, a complex group of manufactured chemicals found in everyday consumer and industrial products, including cleaning and personal care products. Deemed ¡°forever chemicals¡± for their ability to remain intact in the environment over time, PFAS have been detected in soil, air, and discharges to wastewater systems. Scientific research is ongoing to determine adverse health outcomes resulting from high levels of PFAS exposure.


Banning biosolids from being used as a fertilizer created a disposal challenge. It made landfills the primary disposal option. However, biosolids need to be mixed with another bulking material in a 5-to-1 or greater ratio to make them suitable for landfills. And, only certain landfills in Maine have the capacity to accept this type of waste. The major disposal landfill, the state-owned Juniper Ridge Landfill, has reduced the amount of biosolids it receives from Maine¡¯s WWTFs. Subsequently, Maine¡¯s biosolids are now being trucked to landfills outside the state, and often to Canada.


To sustainably and safely manage biosolids, PWD is finding solutions to reduce quantities produced, lower hauling and disposal costs, and explore beneficial use options. A solution under consideration is constructing a regional facility using advanced thermal destruction technologies, such as pyrolysis and gasification, to safely and economically reduce or eliminate PFAS.


¡°The safe disposal of biosolids is critical to safeguarding the environment and protecting public health. We are leaving no stone unturned as we seek innovative and economical solutions to tackling the nationwide threat of PFAS.¡±


PWD Director of Wastewater Services Scott Firmin


PWD´Â ȯ°æ ÄÁ¼³Æà ȸ»çÀÎ Brown and Caldwell°ú Çù·ÂÇÏ¿© °³³ä °èȹÀ» °³¹ßÇÏ°í À¯¸ÁÇÑ ±â¼úÀ» °ËÅäÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °í·Á ÁßÀÎ ¼Ö·ç¼Ç Áß Çϳª´Â ¿­ºÐÇØ ¹× °¡½ºÈ­, ¿­ Àû¿ëÀ» ÅëÇØ À¯±â ¹°ÁúÀ» È­ÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î ºÐÇØÇÏ¿© ¿¬·á°¡ dzºÎÇÑ ¿ÀÇÁ °¡½º ¹× °¡Ä¡ ÀÖ°í ȯ°æÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ÈÀüÇÑ ¹ÙÀÌ¿À ½¡À» »ý¼ºÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿­ »êÈ­¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿ÀÇÁ °¡½º¸¦ ¿­¿øÀ¸·Î Àç»ç¿ëÇϰųª Àü·ÂÀ» »ý¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º´Â ÀáÀçÀûÀ¸·Î PFAS¸¦ Æı«ÇÏ¿© ¹ÙÀÌ¿À ½¡ Àç»ç¿ë ¶Ç´Â ´ë±â ¹èÃâ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì·Á¸¦ ¿ÏÈ­ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.


[Ãâó = Brown and Caldwell ( http://Portland Water District (Maine), PFAS·Î ¿À¿°µÈ ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼Ö¸®µå Æó¼ö 󸮸¦ À§ÇÑ ¼±Á¦Àû Á¶Ä¡ ÃëÇÔ - Brown and Caldwell ) / 2023³â 5¿ù 11ÀÏ]

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