Áñ°Üã±â Ãß°¡     ½ÃÀÛÆäÀÌÁö·Î ¼³Á¤ óÀ½À¸·Î  l  ·Î±×ÀΠ l  È¸¿ø°¡ÀÔ  l  »çÀÌÆ®¸Ê

>
ȸ¿ø°¡ÀÔ   l   ¾ÆÀ̵ð/ºñ¹Ð¹øȣã±â
¡®Á¦38ȸ 2023³â »ó¹Ý±â ...
¡®Á¦37ȸ 2022³â ÇϹݱâ ...
Á¦37ȸ ¡¸2022³â ÇϹݱâ ...
 
HOME > ¹°»ê¾÷±â¼ú > ÃֽŴº½º
[½ºÀ§½º] °­¡¤È£¼ö¼­ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ Áú·® ÃøÁ¤ ¸ðµ¨ ¿¬±¸ °³¹ß
À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2023.06.15 Á¶È¸¼ö 516
ÆÄÀÏ÷ºÎ

[½ºÀ§½º] °­¡¤È£¼ö¼­ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ Áú·® ÃøÁ¤ ¸ðµ¨ ¿¬±¸ °³¹ß


½ºÀ§½º ¿¬¹æÀç·á°úÇÐ ±â¼ú¿¬±¸¼Ò(Empa), È£¼ö¡¤°­¿¡¼­ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ ³óµµ °è»êÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµ¨ °³¹ß

½ºÀ§½º, ¸Å³â 1¸¸4õÅæÀÇ ÆóÇöó½ºÆ½ Åä¾ç°ú ¹°¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Í¡¦ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ 15ÅæÀÌ ½ºÀ§½º °­¡¤È£¼ö·Î µé¾î°¡

»õ·Î¿î ÇмúÁö ¡º³×ÀÌó ¿öÅÍ(Nature Water)¡»ÃÖ±ÙÈ£¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥

 

68077_39424_3956.jpg

¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÌ È¯°æÀ¸·Î µé¾î°¡´Â ¹æ¹ý Áß Çϳª´Â ´õ Å« Çöó½ºÆ½ Á¶°¢ÀÇ ºÐÇØ¿Í ¸¶¸ðÀÌ´Ù. [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = ½ºÀ§½º ¿¬¹æ Àç·á °úÇÐ ±â¼ú ¿¬±¸¼Ò(Empa)]


¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÌ È¯°æÀ¸·Î µé¾î°¡´Â ¹æ¹ý Áß Çϳª´Â ´õ Å« Çöó½ºÆ½ Á¶°¢ÀÇ ºÐÇØ¿Í ¸¶¸ðÀÌ´Ù. [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = ½ºÀ§½º ¿¬¹æ Àç·á °úÇÐ ±â¼ú ¿¬±¸¼Ò(Empa)] ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½(microplastics)À¸·Îµµ ¾Ë·ÁÁø 5¹Ð¸®¹ÌÅÍ(mm) ¹Ì¸¸ÀÇ Å©±âÀÇ Çöó½ºÆ½ ÀÔÀÚ´Â Á¾Á¾ ¿ø·¡ À§Ä¡¿¡¼­ ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁø °÷¿¡ °¡¶ó¾É´Â´Ù. 


½ºÀ§½º ¿¬¹æ Àç·á °úÇÐ ±â¼ú ¿¬±¸¼Ò(Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology ; Empa ÀÌÇÏ ¡®¿¥ÆÄ¡¯) ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº ÀÌÁ¦ ½ºÀ§½ºÀÇ È£¼ö¿Í °­¿¡¼­ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÇ ³óµµ¸¦ °è»êÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµ¨À» °³¹ßÇß´Ù.


¸Å³â 1¸¸4õ ÅæÀÇ Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÌ ½ºÀ§½ºÀÇ Åä¾ç°ú ¹°¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Â´Ù. ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÇ ÇüÅÂÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ì¼¼¿¡¼­ ¹Ð¸®¹ÌÅÍ ¹üÀ§ÀÇ ÀÔÀÚµéÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½Àº È­ÀåÇ°À̳ª ÇÕ¼º¼¶À¯ ÀÇ·ù¿Í °°Àº ¸¹Àº ¿øõ¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Â´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÛÀº ÀÔÀÚµéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ¸ÅÅ©·Î Çöó½ºÆ½(macroplastics)À̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ´õ Å« Çöó½ºÆ½ Á¶°¢µéÀÇ ¸¶¸ð¿Í ºÐÇØ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »ý¼ºµÈ´Ù.


ÀÛÀº Å©±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ ÀÔÀÚ´Â ½±°Ô ¼ö·Î·Î µé¾î°£´Ù. ¸Å³â ¾à 15ÅæÀÇ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÌ ½ºÀ§½ºÀÇ °­°ú È£¼ö·Î µé¾î°£´Ù. ¹° ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ±×µéÀÇ ³óµµ¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ½¬¿î ÀÏÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÀÛÀº ÁßÇÕü Á¶°¢µéÀº Á¾Á¾ ÀÚ¿¬ À¯·¡ÀÇ ÀÔÀÚµé°ú ±¸º°Çϱ⠾î·Æ°í, ±×µéÀÇ ¾çÀº ÃøÁ¤ ½Ã°£°ú Àå¼Ò»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÃøÁ¤ ¹æ¹ý¿¡ µû¶ó Å©°Ô ´Ù¸£±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.


°¡Àå ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ 7°¡Áö Çöó½ºÆ½


¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ½ºÀ§½º Àüü¿Í °°Àº ´õ Å« Áö¿ªÀÇ °­°ú È£¼öÀÇ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ ¿À¿°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °³¿ä¸¦ ¾ò±â À§Çؼ­´Â ÃøÁ¤¸¸À¸·Î´Â Á¾Á¾ ºÒÃæºÐÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¸±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿¥ÆÄ(Empa) ¿¬±¸¿øÀÎ µ¥À̺ñµå ¸Þ³×Å°½º(David Mennekes)¿Í º£¸¥Æ® ³ë¿Î(Bernd Nowack)Àº Àü±¹ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÁß¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÇ ³óµµ¸¦ ¿¹ÃøÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿¬¹æ ȯ°æû(Federal Office for the Environment ; FOEN)ÀÇ ¸ðµ¨À» °³¹ßÇß´Ù.


±× ±Ù°Å·Î ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº 2020³â¿¡ °³¹ßµÈ ¸ðµ¨À» »ç¿ëÇߴµ¥, ÀÌ ¸ðµ¨Àº Æ÷Àå, Á÷¹°, ¼¶À¯,  ´Ü¿­Àç ¹× ³ó¾÷¿ë Çʸ§¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â Æú¸®¿¡Æ¿·»(LD-PE ¹× HD-PE), Æú¸®ÇÁ·ÎÇÊ·»(polypropylene), Æú¸®½ºÆ¼·»(polystyrene), PVC ¹× PET µî 7°¡Áö °¡Àå ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ÁßÇÕü°¡ ¸ÅÅ©·Î ¹× ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î Çöó½ºÆ½À¸·Î ȯ°æ¿¡ ¹æÃâµÇ´Â ¾ç°ú ¾çÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.


¡°Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÌ ¾îµð¼­ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº ¾çÀ¸·Î ȯ°æ¿¡ À¯ÀԵǴÂÁö¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÈ ÈÄ, ³í¸®ÀûÀÎ ´ÙÀ½ ´Ü°è´Â Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÇ ³óµµ¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù¡±¶ó°í º£¸¥Æ® ³ë¿Î(Bernd Nowack) ¿¬±¸¿øÀº ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù.


68077_39425_4317.jpg

Å©±â°¡ 5 ¹Ð¸®¹ÌÅÍ ¹Ì¸¸ÀÎ Çöó½ºÆ½ Á¶°¢(¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½)µéÀº ½±°Ô ¹° ¼ÓÀ¸·Î µé¾î°¡°Ô µÈ´Ù. [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = ½ºÀ§½º ¿¬¹æ Àç·á °úÇÐ ±â¼ú ¿¬±¸¼Ò(Empa)]

 

´ëµµ½ÃµéÀº ¼ö¿ªÀ» ¿À¿°½ÃÅ°°í ÀÖ´Ù


»õ·Î¿î ¸ðµ¨¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ½ºÀ§½º ¹Ù´Ù·Î À¯ÀԵǴ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÇ ¾à Àý¹ÝÀÌ ½ºÀ§½º¿¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. Àüü ¾çÀÇ ¾à 3ºÐÀÇ 1Àº È£¼ö¿¡, ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â °­¿¡ Á¤ÂøÇÑ´Ù.


ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÇ Á¤È®ÇÑ ºÐÆ÷´Â º¹ÀâÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±ä °­Àº ªÀº °­º¸´Ù ´õ ¸¹Àº ÀÔÀÚ¸¦ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î º¸À¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿ÀÈ÷·Á °­ À¯¿ª, º¸·ç(µÏ), È£¼ö°¡, °­ µî¿¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÌ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´ÂÁö ±×¸®°í ¾ó¸¶³ª ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ¿î¹ÝµÇ´ÂÁö¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.


ƯÈ÷ ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀÇ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ ¿À¿°Àº ÁÖ¿ä µµ½ÃÀÇ ÇÏ·ù¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹ÙÁ©(Basel) ±ÙóÀÇ ¶óÀÎ °­(Rhine  river)¿¡´Â ¹Ì¼¼ Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÌ °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ ÇÔÀ¯µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±× °­Àº ¸Å³â ¾à 4õ500ÅæÀÇ ±×°ÍµéÀ» µ¶ÀÏ·Î ¿î¼ÛÇÑ´Ù. 


ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ¾Æ·¹ °­(Aare  river)ÀÌ Áö·ùÀÎ ·ÎÀ̽º(Reuss) , ¸²¸¶Æ®(Limmat)¿Í ÇÔ²² ¶óÀÎ °­À¸·Î Èê·¯ µé¾î°¡±â Àü¿¡ ½ºÀ§½º¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Å« ¼¼ µµ½ÃÀÎ º£¸¥(Bern), Ã븮È÷(Zurich), ·çü¸¥(Lucerne)À» ¹è¼öÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.


º£¸¥Æ® ³ë¿Î(Bernd Nowack) ¿¬±¸¿øÀº ¡°ÃøÁ¤Àº ƯÁ¤ À§Ä¡¿¡¼­¸¸ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ¹Ý¸é¿¡, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ðµ¨·Î, ¿ì¸®´Â Àü±¹ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ì¼¼ Çöó½ºÆ½ ºÎÇϸ¦ °è»êÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¡±¶ó°í ¿ä¾àÇÑ´Ù.


³ë¿Î ¿¬±¸¿øÀº ƯÈ÷,¡°±×°ÍÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ Çൿ º¯È­³ª Á¤ºÎÀÇ Á¶Ä¡°¡ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ ³óµµ¿¡ ¾î¶² ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´ÂÁö ÃßÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØÁش١±°í °­Á¶Çß´Ù.


°úÇÐÀÚµéÀº Áö³­ÁÖ¿¡ ±×µéÀÇ ¿¬±¸ °á°ú¸¦ »õ·Î¿î ÇмúÁö ¡º³×ÀÌó ¿öÅÍ(Nature Water)¡»¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù.


68077_39427_4413.jpg

°¡Àå ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ 7°¡Áö ÁßÇÕü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ºÀ§½º °­ÀÇ ºÎÀ¯ ¹Ì¼¼ Çöó½ºÆ½ Áú·® ºÐÆ÷(km´ç ±×·¥ ´ÜÀ§). [±×·¡ÇÈ Ãâó(graphic source) = ½ºÀ§½º ¿¬¹æ Àç·á °úÇÐ ±â¼ú ¿¬±¸¼Ò(Empa)]

 

ÀÌ ¸ðµ¨Àº ´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡¿Í Áö¿ª¿¡µµ Àû¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÑÆí, º£¸¥Æ® ³ë¿Î(Bernd Nowack)°ú ¸Þ³×Å°½º(David Mennekes)´Â ½ºÀ§½º¿¡ ÁýÁßÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÀÌ¹Ì ¹° ¼ÓÀÇ ÆäÆ®º´°ú ºñ´Ò ºÀÁö¿Í °°Àº °Å½ÃÀûÀÎ Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÇ ¾çÀ» ¿¹ÃøÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ºñ±³ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµ¨À» °³¹ßÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ´Ü°è¿¡¼­´Â ¸ðµ¨¸µµÈ Çöó½ºÆ½ ³óµµ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© °¢ Áö¿ªÀÇ È¯°æ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À§ÇèÀ» ÃßÁ¤ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.


[¿ø¹®º¸±â]


How much microplastics is there in Swiss rivers and lakes?


Plastic particles less than five millimeters in size, also known as microplastics, often settle far away from their point of origin. Empa researchers have now developed a model that can be used to calculate the concentration of microplastics in Swiss lakes and rivers.


Every year, 14,000 tons of plastic end up in Swiss soils and waters, in part in the form of microplastics: Particles in the micro to millimeter range. Microplastics comes from many sources, such as cosmetics or synthetic fiber clothing. The tiny particles are also produced by abrasion and decomposition of larger pieces of plastic, so-called macroplastics.


Due to their small size, microplastics particles readily enter waterways. Around 15 tons of microplastics enter Swiss rivers and lakes every year. Measuring their concentration in water is not an easy task, because the tiny polymer pieces are often difficult to distinguish from particles of natural origin, and their quantity varies greatly with the time and place of measurement as well as with the measurement method.


Seven most common plastics


In order to get an overview of microplastics pollution in the rivers and lakes of a larger region, for instance for all of Switzerland, measurements alone are often insufficient. That is why Empa researchers David Mennekes and Bernd Nowack have developed a model for the Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) that can predict the concentration of microplastics in waterbodies nationwide.


As a basis, the researchers used a model developed in 2020, which shows where and in what quantities the seven most common polymers are released into the environment as both macro- and microplastics: polyethylene (LD-PE and HD-PE), polypropylene, polystyrene and expanded polystyrene, PVC and PET, as used in packaging, textiles, insulation and agricultural films.


 "After we were able to show where and in what amounts plastic enters the environment, the logical next step was to show its concentration," Nowack explains.


Large cities are polluting water bodies


According to the new model, around half of the microplastics that enters Swiss waters remains in the country. Around a third of the total amount settles in lakes, the remainder in rivers. 


However, the exact distribution of microplastics can be complex: A longer river does not automatically retain more particles than a shorter one. Rather, the river basin, the barrages and the lakes determine how much microplastics remains in the river and how much is transported further.


Not surprisingly, particularly high levels of microplastics pollution can be found downstream from major cities. The Rhine near Basel contains the highest concentration of microplastics: The river transports around 4,500 tons of them toward Germany every year. This is also due to the Aare, which, together with its tributaries Reuss and Limmat, drains three of Switzerland's largest cities before flowing into the Rhine: Bern, Zurich and Lucerne.


"Measurements are only possible at specific locations. With our model, on the other hand, we can calculate the microplastics load throughout the country," Nowack sums up. "Furthermore, it allows us to estimate what effects behavioral changes or government measures would have on microplastics concentrations." The scientists published their findings last week in the new journal Nature Water.


The model can also be applied to other countries and areas. Nowack and Mennekes, meanwhile, are focusing on Switzerland. They are already developing a comparable model to predict the amount of macroplastics - such as PET bottles and plastic bags - in bodies of water. In a next step, the modeled plastic concentrations could also be used to estimate the risk to the environment in the respective regions.


[Ãâó=½ºÀ§½º ¿¬¹æ Àç·á °úÇÐ ±â¼ú ¿¬±¸¼Ò(Empa)(https://www.empa.ch/web/s604/mikroplastik-gewaesser) / 2023³â 6¿ù 12ÀÏ]


[³í¹®Ãâó=¡º³×ÀÌó ¿öÅÍ(Nature Water)¡»(https://www.nature.com/articles/s44221-023-00090-9) / 2023³â 6¿ù 8ÀÏ]

¨Ï±Û·Î¹ú¹°»ê¾÷Á¤º¸¼¾ÅÍ(www.waterindustry.co.kr) ¹«´ÜÀüÀç ¹× Àç¹èÆ÷±ÝÁö
ÀÌÀü±Û [½Ì°¡Æ÷¸£] ½Ì°¡Æ÷¸£±¹¸³´ë, »ê¾÷¿ë¼ö È¿À²Àû Á¤¼öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸·±â¼ú °³¹ß
´ÙÀ½±Û [¹Ì±¹] ¡°Àü±âÅõ¼® ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ´ã¼öÈ­ Á¤È­ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¡± °³¹ß
±Û·Î¹ú¹°»ê¾÷Á¤º¸¼¾ÅÍ.   ¼¾ÅÍÀå : ¹èö¹Î
ÁÖ¼Ò : ¼­¿ï½Ã ¼ÛÆı¸ »ïÀüµ¿ 72-3 À¯¸²ºôµù 5Ãþ TEL (02) 3431-0210   FAX (02) 3431-0260   E-mail waterindustry@hanmail.net
COPYRIGHT(C) 2012 ±Û·Î¹ú¹°»ê¾÷Á¤º¸¼¾ÅÍ. ALL RIGHT RESERVED.