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À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2023.09.07 Á¶È¸¼ö 534
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[¹Ì±¹] Áß±¹°úÇпø, Çؼö´ã¼öÈ­¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÃÊ°í¼ö À¯¼Ó ¸· °³¹ß

»óÇÏÀÌ°íµî¿¬±¸¼Ò ¹× »óÇÏÀÌ´ë °øµ¿ ¿¬±¸ÆÀ, ±×·¡ÇÁ´ÙÀÎ º¹ÇÕ¸· °³¹ß

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±¹Á¦ °úÇÐ ÇмúÁö ¡º³×ÀÌó¿öÅÍ(Nature Water)¡» 9¿ù 4ÀÏÀÚ¿¡ °ÔÀç



Áß±¹°úÇпø »óÇÏÀÌ°íµî¿¬±¸¼Ò(SARI) ÂÄ°¡¿ÀÆã(ZENG Gaofeng) ±³¼ö°¡ À̲ô´Â ¿¬±¸±×·ìÀº »óÇÏÀÌ´ëÇб³ ½¬±Å¼º(SHI Guosheng) ±³¼ö¿Í °øµ¿À¸·Î ±×·¡ÇÁ´ÙÀÎ º¹ÇÕ¸·À» °³¹ßÇØ Çؼö´ã¼öÈ­¿¡¼­ °ÅÀÇ ¿Ïº®ÇÑ ¿° °ÅºÎ ¹ÝÀÀ°ú ÃÊ°í¼ö À¯¼ÓÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇß´Ù.

Áß±¹°úÇпø »óÇÏÀÌ°íµî¿¬±¸¼Ò(SARI) ÂÄ°¡¿ÀÆã(ZENG Gaofeng) ±³¼ö°¡ À̲ô´Â ¿¬±¸±×·ìÀº »óÇÏÀÌ´ëÇб³ ½¬±Å¼º(SHI Guosheng) ±³¼ö¿Í °øµ¿À¸·Î ±×·¡ÇÁ´ÙÀÎ º¹ÇÕ¸·À» °³¹ßÇØ Çؼö´ã¼öÈ­¿¡¼­ °ÅÀÇ ¿Ïº®ÇÑ ¿° °ÅºÎ ¹ÝÀÀ°ú ÃÊ°í¼ö À¯¼ÓÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇß´Ù.

 

±ú²ýÇÑ ¹°ÀÇ ¼ö¿ä¿Í °ø±Þ ºÒ±ÕÇüÀº ±Û·Î¹ú Áö¼Ó°¡´É¼º À§±â¸¦ ÃÊ·¡ÇÑ´Ù. ¡®À¯¿£ ¼¼°è ¹° °³¹ß º¸°í¼­ 2023(United Nations World Water Developments Report 2023)¡¯´Â 20¡­30¾ï ¸íÀÇ Àα¸°¡ ¹°ºÎÁ·À¸·Î °íÅë¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹àÇû´Ù.


¸· ºÐ¸®¸¦ ÅëÇÑ Çؼö ´ã¼öÈ­¸¦ ÅëÇØ ±ú²ýÇÑ ¹°·Î º¯È¯ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº À¯¸ÁÇÑ Á¢±Ù ¹æ½ÄÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¸·Àº °¡È¤ÇÑ Á¶°Ç ¶Ç´Â º¹ÀâÇÑ Á¦Á¶ °øÁ¤À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¸· Ç°ÁúÀÌ ÀúÇÏµÇ¾î ¹° »ý»ê¼º, ¿¡³ÊÁö È¿À²¼º ¹× ¸· »ç¿ëÀÌ ³·¾ÆÁö±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ³·Àº ¹° È帧À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ Á¦ÇѵȴÙ. µû¶ó¼­ ³ôÀº À¯¼ÓÀ» °®´Â ´ã¼öÈ­ ºÐ¸®¸·ÀÇ °³¹ßÀÌ ÇʼöÀûÀÌ´Ù.


ÃÖ±Ù Áß±¹°úÇпø(Chinese Academy of Sciences) »óÇÏÀÌ°íµî¿¬±¸¼Ò(Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, SARI) ÂÄ°¡¿ÀÆã(ZENG Gaofeng) ±³¼ö°¡ À̲ô´Â ¿¬±¸±×·ìÀº »óÇÏÀÌ´ëÇб³(Shanghai University) ½¬±Å¼º(SHI Guosheng) ±³¼ö¿Í °øµ¿À¸·Î ±×·¡ÇÁ´ÙÀÎ º¹ÇÕ¸·À» °³¹ßÇØ Çؼö´ã¼öÈ­¿¡¼­ °ÅÀÇ ¿Ïº®ÇÑ ¿° °ÅºÎ ¹ÝÀÀ°ú ÃÊ°í¼ö À¯¼ÓÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇß´Ù.


À̹ø ¿¬±¸ °á°ú´Â ±¹Á¦ °úÇÐ ÇмúÁö ¡º³×ÀÌó¿öÅÍ(Nature Water)¡» 9¿ù 4ÀÏÀÚ¿¡ °ÔÀçµÆ´Ù.


¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ¿ÂÈ­ÇÑ ¿ë¸Å¿­ Á¶°Ç¿¡¼­ ±Û·¹ÀÌÀú-ÇìÀÌ(Glaser-Hay) ±³Â÷ °áÇÕ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» ÅëÇØ Çí»ç¿¡Æ¼´Òº¥Á¨(hexaethynylbenzene) ´Ü·®Ã¼·ÎºÎÅÍ Á÷Á¢ ´Ù°ø¼º Cu Áß°ø ¼¶À¯¿¡ Ãʹ̼¼ÇÑ(submicron) µÎ²²ÀÇ ³ª³ë±â°ø(nanopore) ±¸Á¶ÀÇ ±×·¡ÇÁ´ÙÀÎ ¸·(graphdiyne membrane)À» Á¦ÀÛÇß´Ù.


±×·¡ÇÁ´ÙÀÎ ¸·(graphdiyne membrane)Àº ÇؼöÀÇ ÀÛÀº À̿¿¡ ´ëÇØ 99.9% ÀÌ»óÀÇ °ÅºÎÀ²À» ³ªÅ¸³Â°í, Á¦¿Ã¶óÀÌÆ® ¸·(zeolite membrane), ±Ý¼Ó-À¯±â °ñ°Ý ¸·(metal-organic frameworks membrane) ¹× ±×·¡ÇÉ ±â¹Ý ¸·(graphene-based membrane)°ú °°Àº »ó¾÷¿ë ¸·º¸´Ù 1¡­3¹è ´õ ³ôÀº ¹° È帧À» ³ªÅ¸³Â´Ù. 


¶ÇÇÑ °í¿°¼ö, ½ÇÁ¦ Çؼö, ¿À¿°¹°Áú ÇÔÀ¯¼ö¸¦ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÑ Àå±â Å×½ºÆ®¿¡¼­µµ ½Å·ÚÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀ» º¸¿´´Ù.


ÀÌ·ÐÀû °è»ê¿¡ µû¸£¸é ¿°¼ö-¹°(saline-water) / ±×·¡ÇÁ´ÙÀÎ(graphdiyne) ¹× ¿°¼ö-¹°( saline-water) / Áõ±âÀÇ °æ°è¸é¿¡´Â ¿°ÀÌ ¾ø´Â ¼ø¼öÇÑ ¹°ÀÇ 1¡­3°³ ºÐÀÚÃþÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ¾î ±×·¡ÇÁ´ÙÀÎ ¸·¿¡¼­ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¿° Á¦°Å¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. 


2Ãþ ±×·¡ÇÁ´ÙÀΠä³Î ¸ðµ¨(two-layered graphdiyne channel model)À» ÅëÇØ ÃÊ°í¼ö¼Ó(ultrahigh water fluxes)ÀÌ ´Þ¼ºµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ´Â ½ÇÇèÀû °üÂû°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù.


ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹ß°ßÀº ±×·¡ÇÁ´ÙÀÎ ¸·(graphdiyne membrane)À» Á¦Á¶Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ÀûÀÀÇü ¹æ¹ýÀ» Á¦°øÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó À¯»çÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¸· ºÐ¸®, ÀÌ¿Â Àü´Þ ¹× ¿¡³ÊÁö Àüȯ¿¡ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¾ËÄ«´ÙÀÎ(alkadiyne) ÇÔÀ¯ ¸·À» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡´É¼ºÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.


¡º³×ÀÌó¿öÅÍ(Nature Water)¡» 9¿ù 4ÀÏÀÚ¿¡ °³Á¦µÈ ÀÌ ¿¬±¸³í¹®ÀÇ ÃÊ·Ï(abstract)Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.


¸· ´ã¼öÈ­´Â ¿°ºÐÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¹°¿¡¼­ ´ã¼ö¸¦ »ý»êÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â »õ·Î¿î ±â¼úÀÌ´Ù.


±×·¯³ª ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¸·Àº ³·Àº ´ã¼ö À¯·®À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹° »ý»ê¼º, ¿¡³ÊÁö È¿À² ¹× ¸· »ç¿ë·®¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù.


¿©±â¼­ ¿ì¸®´Â ´Ù°ø¼º Cu Áß°ø ¼¶À¯ »óÀÇ ¼­ºê¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î¹ÌÅÍ µÎ²² ¹× ³ª³ëÆ÷¾î ±¸Á¶ÀÇ ±×·¡ÇÁ´ÙÀÎ ¸·À» Á¦½ÃÇÑ´Ù.


¿ì¸®´Â 3.5 wt% NaCl ¿ë¾×ÀÇ Áø°ø ¸· Áõ·ù¿¡¼­ »ó¿ë °íºÐÀÚ ¸·º¸´Ù ¾à 1¡­3¹è ³ôÀº ¡­700 lm-©÷ h-©ö¿¡ À̸£´Â °ÅÀÇ ¿Ïº®ÇÑ NaCl °ÅºÎ(99.9%)¿Í ÃÊ°í¼ö Åõ°úÀ²À» ´Þ¼ºÇÑ´Ù.


¸· ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀº ÃÊ¿°¼ö, ½ÇÁ¦ Çؼö ¹× ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀÌ ÇÔÀ¯µÈ ¹°À» °ø±ÞÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÀÔÁõµÈ´Ù.


¸·ÀÇ °á°úÀûÀÎ °è¸é ¹× ¹Ì¼¼ ±¸Á¶Àû Ư¼ºÀº °è¸é À̿ ü¾× È¿°ú¿Í Áõ±â ¼ö¼Û ´É·ÂÀ» °áÇÕÇÏ¿© ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¿°ºÐ ¹èÁ¦¸¦ °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ°í ¹° È帧À» °¡¼ÓÈ­ÇÑ´Ù.


½ÇÇèÀûÀÌ°í ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀÎ ¿¬±¸µéÀº ±×·¡ÇÁ´ÙÀÎ Ãþ°£ »çÀÌÀÇ °è¸é ¼ö¼ÛÀÌ Ãþ°£ ±â°øÀ» ÅëÇÑ ¼ö¼Û¿¡ ºñÇØ ¸î ¹è³ª Å« ÆøÀ¸·Î ¹°ÀÇ È帧À» Áõ°¡½ÃŲ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹àÇô³Â´Ù.


[¿ø¹®º¸±â] 


Researchers Develop Ultrahigh-water-flux Membranes for Seawater Desalination


 

The supply-demand imbalance of clean water results in global sustainability crisis. The United Nations World Water Developments Report 2023 reveals that 2-3 billion populations are suffering from water shortage.


Seawater desalination via membrane separation to clean water offers a promising approach. 


However, most membranes are restricted by the low water flux because membrane quality is challenged by harsh conditions and/or complex processes in preparation, leading to low water productivity, energy efficiency and membrane usage. Thus, it is essential to develop desalination membranes with high flux.


Recently, a research group led by Prof. ZENG Gaofeng at Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with Prof. SHI Guosheng at Shanghai University, has developed graphdiyne composite membranes and achieved nearly complete salt rejections and ultrahigh water flux in seawater desalination.


The results were published in Nature Water on Sept. 4.


The researchers fabricated nanopore-structured graphdiyne membranes with thickness of submicron on porous Cu hollow fibers directly from monomer of hexaethynylbenzene via Glaser-Hay cross-coupling reaction under mild solvothermal conditions.


The graphdiyne membranes exhibited over 99.9% rejections to small ions of seawater and 1-3 orders of magnitude higher water fluxes than commercial membranes, such as zeolite membranes, metal-organic frameworks membranes and graphene-based membranes. They also exhibited reliable stability in the long-term tests with hypersaline water, real seawater and pollutant-containing waters.


Theoretical calculations suggested that interfaces of saline-water/graphdiyne and saline-water/vapor contained 1-3 molecular layers of pure water without salt, which contributed to complete salt rejections on graphdiyne membrane. Through a two-layered graphdiyne channel model, ultrahigh water fluxes were achieved, which is in line with experimental observations.


These findings not only provide an adaptive method for preparing graphdiyne membranes but also indicate the potential of obtaining other alkadiyne containing membranes under similar methodology, which may be used for membrane separation, ions transfer and energy conversion.


Abstract


Membrane desalination is an emerging technology that shows promise for producing freshwater from saline waters. 


However, most membranes are challenged by low freshwater flux, impacting the water productivity, energy efficiency and membrane usage. 


Here we present the submicrometre-thick and nanopore-structured graphdiyne membranes on porous Cu hollow fibres. 


We accomplish nearly perfect NaCl rejections (>99.9%) and ultrahigh water permeabilities reaching ~700 lm -2 h -1, which are approximately 1¡­3 orders of magnitude higher than those of commercial polymeric membranes, in vacuum membrane distillation of a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. 


Membrane stability is demonstrated by feeding hypersaline waters, real seawater and pollutant-containing waters. 


The resultant interfacial and microstructural properties of the membranes combine the interfacial ion sieving effect with vapour-transport capability to enable complete salt exclusion and accelerate the water flux. 


Experimental and theoretical studies have revealed that interfacial transport between graphdiyne interlayers increases the water flux by orders of magnitude relative to transport through intralayer pores.


[Ãâó= Áß±¹°úÇпø(Chinese Academy of Sciences)(https://english.cas.cn/newsroom/research_news/chem/202309/t20230904_335628.shtml) / 2023³â 9¿ù 5ÀÏ]


[¿¬±¸³í¹® Ãâó = ¡º³×ÀÌó¿öÅÍ(Nature Water)¡» (https://www.nature.com/articles/s44221-023-00123-3) / 9¿ù 4ÀÏ]

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