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[ÇØ¿Ü ¿©°ú ±â¼ú¡¤ºÐ¸®°ø¹ý ÃÖ±Ù ±â¼ú°³¹ß µ¿Çâ] ¨ê ´ë±âÁß ¿À¿°¹°Áú Á¦°Å¸ñÀûÀÇ ±âüºÐ¸®
À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2013.02.16 Á¶È¸¼ö 1676
ÆÄÀÏ÷ºÎ

¨ê ´ë±âÁß ¿À¿°¹°Áú Á¦°Å¸ñÀûÀÇ ±âüºÐ¸®.pdf

[ÇØ¿Ü ¿©°ú ±â¼ú¡¤ºÐ¸®°ø¹ý ÃÖ±Ù ±â¼ú°³¹ß µ¿Çâ] ¨ê ´ë±âÁß ¿À¿°¹°Áú Á¦°Å¸ñÀûÀÇ ±âüºÐ¸®

¹Ì±¹¡¤À¯·´ µî ¼±Áø±¹, ¸ð·¡¿©°ú µî ±âÁ¸ ¿©°ú¹æ½Ä ´ë½Å
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ÃÖ±Ù Á¤¼ö ¼öÁúÀÇ °íµµÈ­¡¤½Ã¼³ÀÇ ÀÚµ¿È­¡¤¼Ò±Ô¸ðÈ­¡¤¾àÇ° ÁÖÀÔ·®ÀÇ Àú°¨È­¡¤¿¡³ÊÁö Àý°¨¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Á¤¼ö½Ã¼³ ¿î¿µÀÇ È¿À²È­¸¦ À§ÇØ ÇÑ¿Ü¿©°ú ¹× Á¤¹Ð¿©°ú °øÁ¤À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â Á¤¼ö󸮱â¼úÀÌ ¼±Áø¿Ü±¹¿¡¼­ °³¹ßµÇ¾î È°¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

¹Ì±¹, À¯·´ µî ¼±Áø±¹À» Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ¸ð·¡¿©°ú µî ±âÁ¸ ¿©°ú¹æ½ÄÀ» ¼±È£ÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å Á¤¹ÐÇÑ ±â°ø±¸Á¶ÀÇ ºÐ¸®¸·À» È°¿ëÇÑ Á¤¼ö ¿©°ú󸮱â¼ú µµÀÔÀÌ Áõ°¡ Ãß¼¼¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

º»Áö´Â ¿©°ú¡¤ºÐ¸® ±â¼úÀÇ ¿£Áö´Ï¾î¸µ ¹× ¸¶ÄÉÆà ¾÷¹« ºÐ¾ß¿¡ 30³â ÀÌ»óÀÇ °æ·ÂÀ» °¡Áø ÄË ¼­´ú·£µå(Ken Sutherland)ÀÇ ¿©°ú ±â¼ú¡¤ºÐ¸®°ø¹ýÀÇ ÃÖ±Ù ±â¼ú°³¹ß µ¿ÇâÀ» 6°¡Áö ±â¼ú·Î ºÐ·ùÇÏ¿© ¹ø¿ª¡¤Á¤¸®ÇØ °ÔÀçÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

À̹øÈ£¿¡´Â sedimentation ¹× filtrationÀ¸·Î ÀÌ¿ëµÇ´Â ¿ø½ÉºÐ¸®(centrifuge) ±â¼ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃÖ±Ù °³¹ß µ¿ÇâÀ» °ËÅäÇß´Ù. [¹ø¿ª¡¤Á¤¸® = ±è´ö¿¬ º»Áö ÆíÁýÀ§¿ø]


   
 
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¨ç Á߷¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Ä§Àü±â¼ú, ºÎ»ó¹ý ¹× ½ºÅ©¸®´×
¨è Ä«Æ®¸®Áö¡¤¹é ÇÊÅÍ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¼öó¸® ¿©°ú
¨é ¿ø½ÉºÐ¸® ±â¼ú¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¿©°ú
¨ê ´ë±âÁß ¿À¿°¹°Áú Á¦°Å¸ñÀûÀÇ ±âüºÐ¸®
¨ë ¸âºê·¹ÀÎÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ºÐ¸®±â¼ú
¨ì »ê¾÷ü Ç÷£Æ®¿¡¼­ÀÇ °øÁ¤¼ö ºÐ¸®±â¼ú


 ¡®Dry Filtraction¡¯±â¼úÀÇ air gas¡¤Filtraction ÀåÄ¡
ÇÏ¿ì¡¿¡ ÀåÂøµÈ ±³Ã¼ °¡´ÉÇÑ filter element »ç¿ë
ÀΰøÈ£ÈíÀåÄ¡¡¤È¯±â¼³ºñ¡¤¿¡¾î Å©¸®´× µî ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô Àû¿ë


Air ¹× gas separation ºÐ¾ß´Â liquid filtration°ú ºñ±³ÇÏ¿© ¿©·¯ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ ´ú ÁÖ¸ñ¹Þ´Â »ç¾÷ ºÐ¾ßÀÌ´Ù. Áï, ¡®dry filtration¡¯À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ÀÌ ºÐ¾ß´Â Àüü ¿©°ú ÇÊÅÍ ½ÃÀå(filtration market)ÀÇ ¾à 15% Á¤µµ, ¾×»ó¿©°úÀÇ  ¡®wet filtration¡¯ ±Ô¸ðÀÇ 1/6 ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î ¸Å¿ì ÀÛÀº ±Ô¸ðÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ºÐ¾ß´Â Àΰ£»ýÈ°ÀÇ ¸ðµç È°µ¿ ¿µ¿ª¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀϺΠ¿µ¿ª¿¡¼­´Â ¾ÈÀü¼º°ú °æÁ¦¼º ¸é¿¡¼­ Áß¿äÇÑ ¼³ºñ·Î ÀÎ½ÄµÇ¸ç °ü·Ã ¼³ºñÀÇ Á߿伺Àº ´õ¿í Ä¿Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.

»ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¼³ºñÀÇ ÇüÅ ¹× Á¾·ù¸¦ º¸¸é, ¾×ü»ó ¿©°ú(liquid filtration)°¡ ±âü»ó ¿©°ú(air filtration)º¸´Ù ´õ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦ gas filtrationÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº ÇÏ¿ì¡¿¡ ÀåÂøµÈ ±³Ã¼°¡ °¡´ÉÇÑ filter element¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î¼­ ¾ò¾îÁø´Ù. ÇÑÆí, liquid filtrationÀÇ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐÀº ¸Å¿ì º¹ÀâÇÑ ±¸Á¶ÀÇ process filter ȤÀº centrifuges ÀåÄ¡·ÎºÎÅÍ Ã³¸®µÇ¸ç, ó¸® ÈÄ À¯ÀÔ¼öÀÇ ºÎÀ¯¼º ¹°ÁúÀÌ ÀûÁ¤¼öÁØÀ¸·Î ³óÃàÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù.

±×·¯³ª gas filtration¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Çö»óÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç (´Ü ÀϺΠbackhouse °æ¿ì¿¡´Â °í³óÃàµÈ »óÅÂÀÇ À¯ÀÔ°ø±â¸¦ ó¸®), °í³óÃà»óÅÂÀÇ gas suspension ¹°ÁúÀº ¿ì¼±ÀûÀ¸·Î »çÀÌŬ·Ð(cyclone) ÀåÄ¡¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ºÐ¸® 󸮵DZ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù.

gas filtrationÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î 1% ȤÀº ±×º¸´Ù ¸Å¿ì ÀÛÀº ¾çÀÇ ºÎÀ¯¼º °íÇü¼ººÐ ÀÔÀÚ³ª ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ ¾×»ó ¹°Áú(liquid droplets) Á¦°Å¿ëÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. À̵éÀº ÁÖ·Î ºÐ·ù(clarification)ÀÇ ¾÷¹« ¿µ¿ªÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ý¸é¿¡ ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀÌ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Á¦°ÅµÈ(contamination free) gas flow°¡ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °³¹ßÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ gas filtration¿¡¼­ÀÇ °³¹ß ¹æÇâ¿£ ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀÌ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Á¦°ÅµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿ä±¸»çÇ×ÀÌ Á¡Â÷ °­Á¶µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

ºÐ¸® °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ºÐ¸®µÈ ¹°ÁúÀÌ °¡Ä¡¸¦ °¡Áö´Â °æ¿ì¿¡ ºÐ¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ È¿À² Áõ°¡´Â °æÁ¦¼º Ãø¸é¿¡¼­ ÇÙ½ÉÀû ¿ä¼Ò°¡ µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À̺¸´Ù °­·ÂÇÑ ½ÃÀåÀ» °ßÀÎÇÏ´Â ¿äÀÎÀ¸·Î´Â ´ë±â Áß È¤Àº °Ç¹° ³»ºÎÀÇ °ø±âÁúÀ» ÃÖ°íÀÇ Ç°Áú·Î Çϱâ À§ÇÑ È¯°æÀ» Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °Í ¿Ü¿¡µµ °³ÀÎÀÇ °Ç°­°ú ¾ÈÀü¼ºÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÖµû.
 
 ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ air/gas filtrationÀÇ Àû¿ë ºÐ¾ß·Î´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ °ÍµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
¡¤ ÀΰøÈ£ÈíÀåÄ¡ ¹× È£Èí¿ë °ø±âÁ¤È­ ÀåÄ¡(respirators and breathing air system)
¡¤ ¾ÐÃà°ø±âÀÇ »ý»ê °øÁ¤(°ø±â¾Ð ÀåÄ¡ ȤÀº º´¿ø¿ëÀÇ air system¿¡ Àû¿ë)
¡¤ °ø±âÁúÀÌ ¿­¾ÇÇÑ ÇöÀåÀÇ °ø±â¹èÃâ ¹× Á¶Àý ÀåÄ¡(clean room ¼³ºñ Æ÷ÇÔ)
¡¤ ºôµùÀÇ È¯±â¼³ºñ ¹× ¿¡¾î ÄÁµð¼Å´×(sick building syndrome ¹æÁö Æ÷ÇÔ)
¡¤ ¼ö¼Û¿ë ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ ³»ºÎ °ø±â ¼øȯÀåÄ¡(¹ö½º, ±âÂ÷, Ç×°ø±â, ¼±¹ÚÀÇ ³»ºÎ ȯ°æÁ¶¼º Æ÷ÇÔ)
¡¤ ½Â¿ëÂ÷ ¿£ÁøÀÇ °ø±â ÈíÀÔ¡¤¹èÃâ ÀåÄ¡(ƯÈ÷ µðÁ© ¿£Áø °æ¿ì)
¡¤ ´ëÇü ¿£Áø Á¾·ùÀÇ °ø±âÈíÀÔ ÀåÄ¡(µðÁ© ȤÀº °¡½º¿£Áø °æ¿ì) ¹× gas turbine ¿ëµµ
¡¤ °øÁ¤»óÀÇ ¿¡¾î Å©¸®´×(air°¡ °øÁ¤ À¯ÀÔ¿ëµµ ȤÀº coolantÀÎ °æ¿ì)
¡¤ °øÁ¤»óÀÇ ¹èÃâ°¡½º(ore roasting, heating furnaceµî chemical reaction¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ý)
¡¤ °¡½º ¼Û¡¤¹èÃâ½ÃÀÇ ½À±âÁ¦°ÅÀåÄ¡(free of water or oil droplets)

In many respects, air and other gas filtration represent the less exciting part of the filtration business, by comparison with liquid filtration. Certainly it is much smaller: ¡°dry¡± filtration makes up only around 15 % of the total filtration market, about one sixth that of ¡°wet¡± filtration. However, its applications are to be found throughout almost every aspect of human endeavour, some being critical to safety or economic success, and many of which are growing in importance.

In terms of equipment types employed, a much wider range is used for liquid filtration than for gas; in fact, almost all gas filtration is achieved by means of some kind of replaceable filter element, held in an appropriate housing.
A significant proportion of liquid filtration takes place in a wide range of complex process filters or centrifuges, where the feed suspension is reasonably concentrated; there is no real equivalent to this in gas filtration(although some baghouses do handle quite concentrated feeds) - most high concentration gas suspensions are separated first in a cyclone.

It follows that most gas phase filtration is used for the removal of a small quantity  - 1% or often much less - of suspended solid particles or liquid droplets from a continuous gas flow. This is mainly a clarification duty, and the system requirement is usually that the downstream gas flow be as free from contamination as possible. One of the main themes in the development of gas phase filtration is that the requirement for freedom from contaminating material has been, and continues to be, more demanding with each passing year.

Where the separated material is valuable, then the increased efficiency is mainly a matter of process economy (i.e.reduced losses), but the driving forces are more often those of environmental protection and personal health and safety, to keep atmospheric air, and internal air, quality as high as possible.

Among the applications for air and other gas filtration are:
¡¤ respirators and breathing air systems;
¡¤ compressed air production, typically for pneumatic and hospital air systems;
¡¤ critical working atmosphere venting and control, including provision of clean rooms;
¡¤ general building ventilation and air conditioning, including prevention of ¡°sick building syndrome¡±;
¡¤ vehicle cabin air filtration, including atmosphere control in buses, trains, airplanes, and passenger ships;
¡¤ mobile engine air intakes and exhausts (especially for diesel engines);
¡¤ large stationary engine air intakes, for diesel and gas engines, and especially gas
turbines, set up on-shore or mounted on offshore platforms;
¡¤ process air cleaning, where the air is to be a process input, or coolant;
¡¤ process exhausts, especially where these come from chemical reactions, such as ore roasting, or heating furnaces, i.e. where the exhausts are hot; and
¡¤ demisting of gas streams free of water or oil droplets.


   
 
±âü»ó ¿©°ú ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ À§¿Í °°Àº ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÇ Àû¿ëÀº °¢°¢ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ Æ¯¼ºÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é Àå°Å¸® ¿îÇ×ÀÇ ºñÇà±â °´½Ç ³»ÀÇ °ø±â´Â º´¿ø¼º ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º ¹°ÁúÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇʼöÀûÀ¸·Î, ÀÌ´Â Áúº´ÀÇ °¨¿°À» ¿¹¹æÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸ñÀûÀÌ´Ù. ÁÖÀ§ °ø±â·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹°ÁúÀÇ À¯ÀÔÀ» »çÀü ¿¹¹æÇÔ°ú µ¿½Ã¿¡ µ¶¼º¹°ÁúÀÇ ¹èÃâÀ» ÀúÁö½ÃÅ°´Â ÀÛ¾÷°ø°£À» ¸¶·ÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Gas turbine¿¡¼­ ¿¬¼Ò ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ¸Å¿ì ¸¹Àº ¾çÀÇ ´ë±â Áß °ø±â¸¦ ¼Ò¸ðÇϴµ¥ À̶§ ÅÍºó ³» ºÎÇ°À» º¸È£Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© °¡´ÉÇÏ¸é °ø±â Áß¿¡ ¹Ì¸³ÀÚ ¹°ÁúÀÌ ÇÔÀ¯µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ´õ¿íÀÌ °í¿ÂÀÇ °¡½º¸¦ ó¸®ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¹æÃâµÇ´Â ¿Âµµ°¡ ³ô¾ÆÁö¹Ç·Î ¼³°è ½Ã¿¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹®Á¦Á¡À» ÇØ°áÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

Gas separation ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ Á߿伺ÀÌ Ä¿Áö´Â ºÐ¾ß·Î gas ³»¿¡ ÇÔÀ¯µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¼ººÐ Áß ÀϺθ¦ ÈíÂø(adsorb) ȤÀº Æı«(destroy) ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÇÊÅ͸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ º¹ÇÕ±â´ÉÀÇ ÇÊÅÍ´Â filter medium ÀÚü¿¡ È­ÇÐÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¾àÁ¦¸¦ µµÆ÷(embedding)½ÃŲ Á¦Ç°À¸·Î ÈíÂøÁ¦·Î È°¼ºÅº(activated carbon)À» »ç¿ëÇÑ °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ÇüÅÂÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀϺδ »ì±ÕÁ¦ ¹× »êÈ­Á¦ ¿ëµµÀÇ Ã·°¡Á¦¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù.
Each of these types of application for air or gas filtration can have their own particular features, which impact upon the separation process. Thus, it is vital to remove pathogenic viruses from airplane cabin air, especially with long-distance flights, to prevent disease transfer.

The design of working spaces must take into account the need to prevent entry of contaminants from the surrounding atmosphere, and also to prevent discharge of hazardous materials from within the space.
Gas turbines have become very large consumers of ambient air for combustion, which must be as free as possible of abrasive solid particles to protect the turbine blades. The need to be able to treat hot gases, possibly chemically active, presents major design problems, especially as the exhaust temperatures keep rising.

One application of growing importance, which particularly involves gas filtration, is the use offilters that can also adsorb or destroy one or more of the constituents of the gas. These combination filters employ a chemically active agent embedded in the filter medium material, the most common of which is activated carbon, as an adsorbent. There are also bactericidal and oxidising additives, which can make a very useful processing tool.

 Structure Of The Business(»ç¾÷±¸Á¶ÀÇ ÀçÆí¼º)
ÀÌ¹Ì ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ °¡Àå °ü½ÉÀ» ±â¿ï¿©¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î´Â air¡¤gas filtration¿¡¼­ 󸮿뵵¸ñÀû¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ filter element¸¦ ¼±Á¤Çϸç ÀûÇÕÇÑ housing³»¿¡ ÀåÂøÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­  ¸¹Àº ȸ»çµéÀÌ filter media ¹× filter elements(»ç¿ëµÇ´Â media¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸¥ ÇüÅ°¡ µÈ´Ù)¸¦ µ¿½Ã¿¡ Á¦ÀÛÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ elementsµéÀº ÀÚü Á¦ÀÛÀÇ housing ȤÀº Ÿ»ç Á¦Ç°ÀÇ housing¿¡ ÀåÂøÀÌ µÇµµ·Ï Á¦À۵ȴÙ.

½ÃÀåÀÇ ¼±µÎ¾÷üµé(Pall, Parker-Hannifin, Donaldson, Cummins, GE µî)Àº elements, housings, filter system Àüü¸¦ °ø±ÞÇÏ´Â ¹Ý¸é¿¡ Freudenberg, Kimberly-Clark, Johns-Manville ¹× Ahlstrom»ç´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ´ë±Ô¸ð·Î bulk media¸¸À» ÁÖ·Î °ø±ÞÇÏ´Â ¾÷üÀÌ´Ù.

´Ù¸¥ filtration »ç¾÷°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î gas filtration ¾÷ü °£¿¡µµ ÀμöÇÕº´ÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ÁøÇàµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç Riverside»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ SPX»çÀÇ air filtration division Àμö°¡ °¡Àå ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÌ´Ù.

ÀÌÈÄ·Î Riverside»çÀÇ Universal Air Filter¸¦ Thomson Street Ȧµù»ç¿¡ ¸Å°¢ÇÏ´Â Çù»óÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³À¸¸ç Empire Investment Holding»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Polyester Fiber»çÀÇ Àμö, Doughty Hansen»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Norit Àμö, L D Equity»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Jacob Helm & Sons STA»çÀÇ Àμö µîÀÌ À̾îÁ³´Ù.

½Ã½ºÅÛ ÀåÄ¡¸¦ ¿îÀüÇϴ ȸ»çÀÇ ÀμöÇÕº´À¸·Î´Â ¡âDaikin Industies¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ AAF»ç Àμö ¡âAshlstrom»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Fabriano»ç Àμö ¡âCemtrex»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Griffin Filter»ç Àμö ¡âStirling Group»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Universal Silencer»ç Àμö ¡âIngersoll Land»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ OMI»ç Àμö ¡âNederman»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Arboga Darenth»ç Àμö ¡âSuperior Fibers»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Precisionaire Àμö ¡âMahle Filtrsysteme»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Amafilter Àμö ¡âDonaldson »ç¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Western Filter Àμö µîÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³´Ù.
As has been suggested, the key to successful air or gas filtration is to select the right filter element for the job to be done, and to mount it in a proper housing. Not surprisingly, therefore, the bulk of the companies involved in this business make filter media, or the filter elements derived from the various types of media, where the elements are intended to be housed in the company¡¯s own housings, or the housings made by others.

The market leaders (Pall, Parker-Hannifin, Donaldson, Cummins, GE, etc) are suppliers of elements, housings and filter systems using them, while Freudenberg, Kimberly-Clark, Johns-Manville and Ahlstrom are major suppliers of bulk media.

In common with other segments of the filtration business, there has been some consolidation among the companies serving the gas filtration segment. Perhaps the most significant was the sale by SPX of its SPX Air Filtration division (with well-known brand names such as Vokes-Air, Scandfilter, Atex-Filter, and Industri-Filter), to a private equity company, Riverside. This triggered Riverside¡¯s sale of Universal Air Filter to another equity holding company, Thompson Street.

Other private equity deals have seen the purchase of Polyester Fibres by Empire Investment Holdings, of Norit by Doughty Hansen, and of Jacob Helm & Sons STA by L D Equity. The most important development for hot gas filtration has been the ceramic filter element.

Operating company purchases have seen AAF bought by Daikin Industries, Fabriano by Ahlstrom, Griffin Filters by Cemtrex, Universal Silencer from Cummins by Stirling Group (set up specifically for the purchase), OMI by Ingersoll Rand, Arboga- Darenth by Nederman, Precisionaire from Flanders by Superior Fibers, Amafilter by Mahle Filtersysteme, and Western Filter by Donaldson. The present economic situation may make cash for such purchases more difficult to find - but, at the same time, may create some bargain possibilities.

 Equipment Development(¼³ºñÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °³¹ß)
°¡Àå ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ gas filter·Î´Â ¿øÇü Ä«Æ®¸®Áö ¹× ¹é(cylindrical cartridge or bag) ÀçÁúÀÌ ¿øÇü ÇÏ¿ì¡¿¡ ÀåÂøµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °Í, ±×¸®°í º®Ã¼ ȤÀº ÀÏÁ¤ è¹ö ³»¿¡ ÀåÂøµÇ´Â flat panel ÇüÅ ÇÊÅÍÀÇ 2°¡Áö·Î ºÐ·ùµÈ´Ù. »ç¿ëµÈ ¼ö·®¸é¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ »ç¿ëÀ¸·Î´Â ÀÚµ¿Â÷³»ÀÇ mobile engine air intake filter·Î¼­ ÁÖ¸§ÇüÅÂÀÇ filter mediumÀ» ¿øÅëÇü ¹è¿­·Î ÇÏ¿© ¿¤¸®¸ÕÆ®ÀÇ ±íÀ̸¸Å­ ÁÖ¸§À» ±í°Ô ¸¸µç °ÍÀÌ Æ¯Â¡ÀÌ´Ù.

Filter bag ÀåÄ¡´Â ¿øÅëÇü ÇÏ¿ì¡ ³»¿¡ ´Üµ¶À¸·Î ȤÀº ¼­·Î ¿¬ÀÌÀº º¹ÇÕ±¸Á¶·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¸ç ¶ÇÇÑ ´ëÇü ¿øÅëÇü º£¼¿ ³»¿¡ bag ÀÚü¸¦ ¼ö½Ê°³ ¹è¿­ÇÑ ±¸Á¶·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ single ¹× duplex ±¸Á¶´Â liquid filtration¿¡¼­´Â ¸Å¿ì ÀϹÝÀûÀ̳ª process ¹× power generation ¹èÃâ¿ëÀÇ main filter·Î´Â baghouse ¼³ºñ(»ó¾÷°øÁ¤ÀÇ ¹èÃâ°¡½º ¹× Àü±â¹ß»ýÀÇ ¿¬¼Ò°úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â air, gas·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÔÀÚ¼º dust ¹°ÁúÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Â air pollution control device·Î 1970³â´ë ¸» ÀÌÈĺÎÅÍ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù)°¡ ÀÌ¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Gas flow´Â bagÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ¿ÜºÎ¿¡¼­ ³»ºÎ·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö¸ç ºÐ¸®µÈ ¹Ì¸³ÀÚ ¹°ÁúÀº ¿ÜºÎ¿¡ ÃàÀûµÇ¸ç À̵éÀº ¾ÐÃà°ø±âÀÇ reverse pulse¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© Á¦°ÅµÈ´Ù. ÇöÀç nonwoven media ÀçÁúÀ» ¼±È£ÇÏ´Â Ãß¼¼À̳ª woven fabric ÀÚüµµ ¾ÆÁ÷Àº backhouse ¼³ºñ¿¡¼­ ÇÙ½ÉÀûÀÎ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â reverse pulse µ¿¾È ´Ù¼Ò°£ÀÇ À¶Å뼺À» °¡Áö¸ç µû¶ó¼­ ÃàÀûµÈ °íÇü¹°ÁúÀ» Àß°Ô ºÎ¼Å bagÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Á¦°Å °¡´ÉÅä·Ï Çϴ Ư¼ºÀ» °®°í Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

Wooven¿¡¼­ nonwooven ÀçÁú·ÎÀÇ Á¡Â÷ÀûÀÎ À̵¿°ú º°µµ·Î bag filter ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä °³¹ßÀº seamless ±¸Á¶°¡ °³¹ßµÇ¸é¼­ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Àû¿ëÀ¸·Î ÀüȯµÇ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ °³¹ß Á¦Ç°À¸·Î´Â Dupont(µàÆþ)»çÀÇ HMT bagó·³ ¸âºê·¹ÀÎ ÀçÁúÇüÅ·Π¸¸µé¾îÁö´Â Á¦Ç°ÀÌ´Ù.

The two most common forms of gas filter are the cylindrical cartridge or bag, in a cylindrical housing, and the ¡°flat¡± panel filter, mounted in a dividing wall or plenum chamber. In numerical terms, almost as commonly used must be the mobile engine air intake filter, normally in the form of a flat circular array of pleated filter medium, with pleats as deep as the thickness of the element.

The filter bag is used singly, or side-by-side in duplex formation, in cylindrical housings, or in arrays of many bags in a large cylindrical vessel as housing, in the traditional baghouse arrangement. The single or duplex form is more commonly used for liquid filtration, but the baghouse is found in many industries as the main filter for process and power generation exhausts.

The gas flow is through the bag from outside to in, so that separated solids accumulate on the outside, from which they can be blown by a reverse pulse of compressed air. Although generally giving way to nonwoven media, woven fabrics still have an important role in baghouses because of their ability to flex somewhat during the reverse pulse, and so break the accumulated cake of solids, allowing it to fall away from the bag.

Apart from the gradual move from woven to nonwoven media, the main development in bag filters has been their return to widespread use once seamless construction had been developed - there having been problems with oversize holes at the seams. Another important development for the bag filter is its availability in membrane material form - such as Du Pont¡¯s HMT bags.

 
   
 
ÇÊÅÍ Ä«Æ®¸®Áö(filter cartridge) Á¦Ç°Àº yarn wound, bonded fibre ȤÀº pleated sheet µî ¾î¶² ÇüÅ·ΠÁ¦Á¶µÇ´ÂÁö ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ ¿©°ú ¼º´ÉÀ» º¸À¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾î gas filtration ºÐ¾ß filter bag ½ÃÀåÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ Á¡À¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Çö»óÀº liquid filtration°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î gas filtration¿¡¼­µµ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ä¼Ò°¡ µÇ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

ÀÌ·± »óȲÀº pleated cartridgeÀÇ »ç¿ë¿¡¼­ membrane mediaÀÇ Àû¿ëÀ» À̲ø¾î³»°í ÀÖ´Ù. Ä«Æ®¸®Áö Á¦Ç°Àº º¸´Ù ¼¶¼¼ÇÑ critical air filtration Àû¿ë¿¡¼­ strainer ¿ªÇÒ·Î ¸Å¿ì ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸³ª ¼ö·®ÀûÀÎ ¸éÀ¸·Î´Â baghouse ¼³ºñ¿¡ º¸´Ù ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

°í¿Â¹èÃâ°¡½º(hot exhaust gas)¸¦ ÇÊÅÍÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼ö¿äÀÇ Áõ°¡´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿Âµµ³»¼ºÀ» °¡Áö´Â filter elementÀÇ °³¹ßÀ» °¡Á®¿Ô´Ù. Àû¿ë¿Âµµ°¡ ¼·¾¾ 100µµ º¸´Ù ³·Àº °æ¿ì¿¡´Â thermoplastic ¼ÒÀç, Áï PTFE ÀçÁú µîÀÇ Çü±¤ ó¸®(fluorinated) ¹°ÁúÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

À̺¸´Ù °í¿ÂÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â wire mesh ÀçÁú, ƯÈ÷ º¹ÇÕ´ÜÁ¶ ±¸Á¶(multi layer sintered)ÀÇ mesh ÀçÁúÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¸ç ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀçÁúÀº ƯÈ÷ ºÎ½Ä¼ºÀ» °¡Áø gas ȤÀº ¸¶¸ð¼º ºÎÀ¯ °íÇü¹°ÀÇ Ã³¸®¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

°í¿Â°¡½º ¿©°ú(hot gas filtration)ÀÇ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °³¹ß·Î´Â ceramic filter elementÀÇ °³¹ßÀÌ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î À̵éÀº tube ÇüÅ·ΠÇÑÂÊÀº ¸·Çô ÀÖ°í, ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑÂÊÀº tube sheet·Î ºÀÇÕ (sealing)µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ±¸Á¶ÀÌ´Ù. Çõ½ÅÀûÀÎ °³¹ß Á¦Ç°À¸·Î´Â porous tube ÇüÅ·Πceramic fibre ÀçÁú·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø media·Î¼­ ÇöÀç´Â ´Ü´ÜÇÑ candle Çüź¸´Ù´Â »ç¿ë ½Ã º¸´Ù À¯¿¬¼ºÀ» °¡Áö´Â µû¶ó¼­ Æļտ¡ ³»¼ºÀ» °®´Â, ±¸Á¶·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ceramic media´Â ÇöÀç °í¿ÂÀÇ ºÐÁøÀÌ ¸¹Àº furnace ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ ¹èÃâ°¡½º 󸮸¦ À§ÇÑ multi-element housing¿¡ ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í ´Ù¸¥ ¼º°ÝÀÇ °í¿Â°¡½º ¿©°ú¿ëÀÇ °³¹ß·Î´Â ºÒÈ°¼ºÀÇ ¹Ì³×¶ö ÀÔÀÚ·Î µÈ packed bed¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â Á¦Ç°ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

ÀÌ´Â ¹°ÀÇ Á¤È­¿ëÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â sand filter¿Í ¸Å¿ì À¯»çÇÏ°Ô ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, moving bed system ±¸Á¶°¡ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¸ç °íÇü¹°ÁúÀº separation zoneÀ» µû¶ó À̵¿µÇ¸é¼­ ³«ÇÏµÇ¾î ¹èÃâ°ø±â È帧(carrier gas stream) ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© Á¦°ÅµÈ´Ù.

The filter cartridge, whether yarn wound, bonded fibre (or granules), or pleated sheet in construction, has taken some of the filter bag¡¯s share of the gas filtration market, mainly because of its ability to offer finer levels of filtration - which is a demand trend that is as important in some gas filtration applications as it has become in liquid filtration.

This trend is also leading to the use of membrane media in pleated cartridge applications. The cartridge is used quite a lot as a strainer in critical air filtration applications, especially compressed air production, but numerically is more common in baghouse uses. The growing need to be able to filter hot exhaust gases has led to the production of a range of temperature resistant filter elements.

Where the temperature is not that far above 100¡Æ C then some thermoplastic media can be used, especially the fluorinated materials such as PTFE. For higher temperatures, wire mesh is the material of choice, especially multilayer sintered mesh - although such media are also used where the gas is corrosive or the suspended solids are abrasive.

The most important development for hot gas filtration has been the ceramic filter element. Most commonly this is in the form of a tube, closed at one end, with the other end sealed into a tube sheet, from which it hangs (like an inverted candle).

Of growing importance are the media made from ceramic fibre, also as a porous tube, but now more flexible than the rigid candle and so much more resistant to fracture in use. These ceramic media are now widely used in multi-element housings, for dealing with hot, dusty furnace exhausts.

A development of a very different kind for hot gas filtration is the use of packed beds of inert mineral granules, acting in the same way as the deep sand filter used for water clarification. Moving bed systems are now quite common for this purpose, in which the filtration occurs as the solids move down through a separation zone, to be swept away by a carrier gas stream, from the base of this zone to an upper cleaning zone.

 Bulk Air Cleaning System(´ëÇü °ø±âÁ¤È­ ½Ã½ºÅÛ)
ó¸® ¿ëÀûÃø¸é¿¡¼­ air filtrationÀÇ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐÀº ºôµù °øÁ¶ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ º¸È£¿ëÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â panel filter ÀåÄ¡ ¹× gas turbine µîÀÇ ´ëÇü ¿£Áø ³»ºÎ¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ´Â ÀåÄ¡·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ÍµéÀº ÁÖ·Î »ç°¢ÇüÀÇ ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ ±¸Á¶¸¦ °¡Áö¸ç filter mediumÀº ´ë±â ÁßÀÇ È¥Å¹ÇÑ °ø±â Áö¿ª°ú Á¤È­¸¦ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â Áö¿ª»çÀÌÀÇ ºÐ¸®¿ë º®Ã¼ÀÇ ÀÏÁ¤°ø°£¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇϵµ·Ï ¼³Ä¡µÈ´Ù.


   
 
À̶§ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â filter mediumÀÇ °¡Àå °£´ÜÇÑ ±¸Á¶·Î´Â nonwoven material·Î µÈ thin pad À̳ª ÀÌ´Â °ø±âÀÇ È帧 ¿ë·®À̳ª ÀÔÀÚ¿©°úÀÇ ¹°·® Ãø¸é¿¡¼­ ¸Å¿ì Á¦ÇÑÀûÀÌ´Ù. À̺¸´Ù´Â pleated sheet materialÀ» ÀûÃþÇÑ °Í, ÇÁ·¹ÀÓÀÇ ¾Õ¸é¿¡¼­ °Å²Ù·Î Æ¢¾î³ª¿Â ±¸Á¶ÀÇ ¿©·¯ °³ pocketÀ¸·Î µÈ °Í, ȤÀº ¿©·¯ °³ VÇüÀÇ °ø°£À¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø V-block panel·Î µÈ °ÍµéÀÌ ÈξÀ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÌ¿ëµÈ´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ panelµéÀº ÀÛÀº Å©±âÀÇ Ç¥ÁØÇü Á¦Ç°À¸·Î ¼Õ½±°Ô ±³Ã¼°¡ °¡´ÉÇϸç À̵é Á¦Ç°Àº Á¦Á¶»çµé¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© HEPA, ULPA, ASHRAE Ç¥ÁØ°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â Ç°Áú ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î °ø±ÞµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ìÀÇ media´Â pleated materialÀÌ Á¢Èù ¸éÀÇ ³¡´Ü±îÁö Àüü Ç¥¸é¿¡¼­ È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤È­ ¿ªÇÒÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â Çõ½ÅÀûÀÎ ±â¼ú°³¹ß·Î ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÀçÁú·Î Á¦Á¶°¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.

°øÁ¶¿ë ÇÊÅÍ¿¡¼­ °ý¸ñÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î´Â ÀÚµ¿Â÷ ¹× ´Ù¸¥ ¼ö¼Û¼ö´Ü¿¡ ´Ù¾çÇÏ°Ô Àû¿ëµÇ´Â cabin air filter°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÇÊÅÍ´Â ¡â³ó»ç¿ë Æ®·¢ÅÍ ±â±â¿¡¼­ ¿îÀüÀÚ¿¡°Ô ³óÅä°¡ Æ¢´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æÁöÇÏ´Â ¿ëµµ ¡â¼ÒÇüÀÚµ¿Â÷¿¡¼­ ¿îÀüÀÚ³ª ½Â°´µé¿¡°Ô ºÐÁø°¡·ç ¹× µðÁ©À¯ Â±âµéÀÌ À¯ÀԵǴ °ÍÀ» ¹æÁöÇÏ´Â ¿ëµµ ¡âºñÇà±â °´½ÇÀÇ Æó¼âµÈ °ø°£¿¡ °ø±âÀÇ ¿øÈ°ÇÑ ¼øȯ ¹× ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ¡¤¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¼º ¼¼±Õ Á¦°Å¿ëµµ µî¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇϵµ·Ï °³¹ßµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

µû¶ó¼­ Á¦ÇÑÀûÀÌ°í À§Ç轺·± °ø°£¿¡µµ ¼³Ä¡°¡ ÀûÇÕÇϵµ·Ï ÀûÀýÇÑ filtration unitÀÇ °³¹ßÀÌ Â÷·® µîÀÇ ¼³°èÀڵ鿡°Ô º¸´Ù ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù. Áï filter mediumÀÇ Á߿伺Àº Á¡Â÷ Ä¿Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÃÖ±Ù Áß¿äÇÑ °³¹ß·Î´Â mediumÀÇ µÎ²²¿¡ µû¶ó density gradient¸¦ °®´Â ÀçÁúÀÇ °³¹ß·Î Kimberly-ClarkÀÇ ¡®Intrepid¡¯ media Á¦Ç°ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

In volume terms, the greater part of air filtration is probably undertaken by the panel filters used to protect building ventilation systems, and the internals of large engines, especially gas turbines. These take the form, usually, of a rectangular frame, carrying some filter medium, which is fitted into a matching space in a dividing wall between the ambient air and the required clean zone.

The filter medium in its simplest form is a thin pad of nonwoven material, but this has only limited capacity (for air flow and particle retention), and more often takes the form of a layer of pleated sheet material, or of a set of pockets protruding backwards away from the front of the frame, or, most recently and of rapidly growing occurrence, the V-block panel formed of sets of V-shaped zones whose sides are made of smaller panels of filter media made of mini-pleats.

These panels are made to a small set of standard sizes, so that supplies are easily interchangeable, and they are offered by their manufacturer in grades matching the HEPA / ULPA and ASHRAE standards. The media are available in a wide range of materials, with much design ingenuity involved in ensuring the pleated material is effective across its total surface, even in the pinched spaces near to the folds. In the case of filtration, this drive to more efficient use of energy directly opposes the major driving force represented by the need to provide ever-finer degrees of separation.

Of special note in the context of ventilation filters is the cabin air filter, to be found everywhere nowadays in vehicles and other transportation systems. Such filters are fitted to agricultural tractors to protect the driver from soil particles, in even the cheapest automobiles, to protect the driver and passengers from pollen and diesel fuel residues, and especially in enclosed systems such as airplane cabins, through which air is circulated and where removal of bacteria and viruses is vital. Considerable ingenuity is required of the vehicle designer to fit adequate filtration units into what may be limited and awkward spaces.

The importance of the filter medium has been stressed, as the basis for successful gas filtration, and an important development here is the availability of materials with a density gradient across the thickness of the medium, even though this is quite thin, as with the ¡°Intrepid¡± media from Kimberley-Clark.

 Energy Conservation(¿¡³ÊÁö º¸Á¸ °³¹ß)
ÇÊÅ͸¦ ÅëÇÑ È帧¿¡ µû¶ó gas streamÀÇ Á¤È­°úÁ¤¿¡¼­ pressure dropÀº ¿¡³ÊÁö ³¶ºñ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Âµ¥ ÀÌ´Â Àüü ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ÀûÀýÇÑ ¼³°è¿¡ µû¶ó ÇØ°áµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¹®Á¦Á¡Àº gas turbine air intake ¹× process exhaust °øÁ¤ µîÀÇ ´ë¿ë·® Àû¿ë ½Ã¿¡ ƯÈ÷ ½ÉÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö ³¶ºñÀÇ °æÁ¦Àû Æò°¡¿Í´Â º°µµ·Î ÀûÀº ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á´Â »ê¾÷°è ÀüüÀÇ °­ÇÑ ¿ä±¸°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

Áï, ¿¡³ÊÁö º¸Á¸ÀÇ È¿°úÀûÀÎ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ °³¹ßÀÌ »õ·Î¿î Àç»ý¿¡³ÊÁö¿øÀ» °³¹ßÇÏ´Â °Í¸¸Å­ ±Û·Î¹ú Ãø¸é¿¡¼­ Á߿伺ÀÌ Ä¿Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©°ú °øÁ¤(filtration)¿¡¼­ ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ È¿°úÀû »ç¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁÖÀåÀº º¸´Ù ´õ ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ separation ±â´ÉÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â °í°´ÀÇ Áõ°¡µÇ´Â ¿ä±¸¿Í »óÈ£ ¹èÄ¡µÇ´Â ¸éÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ À̺йý ³í¸®´Â ½±°Ô ÇØ°áµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÌ´Â filter media°¡ º¸´Ù È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î ºÐ¸®±â´ÉÀ» °®±â À§Çؼ­´Â ³ôÀº pressure dropÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ »ç½Ç·Î ¼³¸íµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ pressure dropÀ» ÃÖ¼Ò·Î ÇÏ´Â mediaÀÇ »ý»ê¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸¹Àº °³¹ßÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ´Â Donaldson»çÀÇ ¡®Ultra-Web¡¯, Hollingsworth&Vose»çÀÇ ¡®Nanoweb¡¯ Á¦Ç° µîÀÇ fine fibresÀÇ Ç¥¸éÃþÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁö´Â membrane material¿¡¼­ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í º°µµ·Î ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ »õ·Î¿î Á¦Ç° °³¹ß¿¡¼­´Â ¡®energy saving¡¯ ȤÀº ¡®very low resistance to flow¡¯¿Í °°Àº Á¦Ç° Ư¼ºÀ» º¸À¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¼³¸íÀ» ÈçÈ÷ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

The pressure drop in the gas stream as it flows through a filter represents an energy loss, which has to be made up by the overall system. This is especially true in the large volume applications, such as gas turbine air intakes and process exhausts.

Quite apart from the economic implications of this energy loss, there are strong pressures on all industrial activities to use as little energy as possible: an efficient programme of energy conservation may well be as important on the global scale as developing a new source of renewable energy.

In the case of filtration, this drive to more efficient use of energy directly opposes the major driving force represented by the need to provide ever-finer degrees of separation. 

 This dichotomy is not easily resolved, since filter media that separate more efficiently usually need higher pressure drops to do so. Much development activity is being put into the production of media with lower pressure drops, such as the membrane materials formed from a surface layer of fine fibres, such as Donaldson¡¯s ¡°Ultra-Web¡± and the ¡°Nanoweb¡± media supplied by Hollingsworth & Vose. A significant number of new product announcements now include words like ¡°energy saving¡± or ¡°very low resistance to flow¡± .
 
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