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À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2014.03.21 Á¶È¸¼ö 879
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°úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ¸¦ °øÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦¾îÇÏ¿© ¹°·ÎºÎÅÍ ³³(lead)À» Á¦°ÅÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ(bacteria) ¼¼Æ÷ À§¿¡ ³³À» °áÇÕ½ÃÅ°´Â ¹æ¾ÈÀ» Á¦¾ÈÇß´Ù. ¹èÅ͸® Á¦Á¶¿Í °°Àº »ê¾÷ È°µ¿Àº ³³°ú ´Ù¸¥ µ¶¼º Á߱ݼÓÀ¸·Î ¹°À» ¿À¿°½ÃŲ´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù Áß±¹ ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº µ¶¼º ±Ý¼ÓÀ» °ËÃâÇÏ°í ¹°¿¡¼­ µ¶¼º ±Ý¼ÓÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ¸¦ °øÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦¾îÇß´Ù.

ºñ·Ï ų·¹ÀÌÆ® ½Ã¾à(chelating agent)°ú ÈíÂøÀç(sorbent materials)°¡ ¹°¿¡¼­ Áß±Ý¼Ó Á¤È­¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ±Ù·ÎÀÚµéÀº ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀ» »ý¼º½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿À¿°¼º Àç·á¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù°í Áß±¹ ³­Â¡ ´ëÇÐ(Nanjing University)°ú º£ÀÌ¡ ´ëÇÐ(Peking University) »êÇÏ ¼±Àü ´ëÇпø(Shenzhen Graduate School) ¼Ò¼ÓÀÎ Jing Zhao´Â ¹àÇû´Ù. ZhaoÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº »ê¾÷°è¿¡¼­ ´Ù½Ã »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡´É¼ºÀ» °í·ÁÇÏ¿© ¿À¿°µÈ ¹°¿¡¼­ Á߱ݼÓÀ» ȸ¼öÇÏ´Â º¸´Ù ´õ Áö¼Ó°¡´ÉÇÑ Á¢±Ù ¹æ¾ÈÀ» °³¹ßÇØ¿Ô´Ù.

¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ÃÖ±Ù ±Ý°ú °áÇÕÇÏ´Â ´Ü¹éÁú(gold-binding protein)À» ¹ßÇö½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇÏ¿© ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ¸¦ °øÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦¾îÇÏ¿© Æó¼ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ±Ý¼ÓÀ» °ËÃâÇÏ°í ȸ¼öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¾ÈÀ» Á¦¾ÈÇß´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº À¯»çÇÑ Àü·«ÀÌ ³³À» Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ±Ý-ƯÀÌ °¨Áö ´Ü¹éÁú(GolS; gold-specific sensory protein)ÀÌ ´ëÀå±Õ°ú °áÇյǾî Àû»ö Çü±¤ ´Ü¹éÁú(RFP; red fluorescence protein)°ú ÇÔ²² °øÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦¾îµÇ¾î ¸Å¿ì ¹Î°¨ÇÏ°í ¼±ÅÃÀûÀÎ ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­ À°¾ÈÀ¸·Î ±Ý(III)ÀÇ Àüü ¼¼Æ÷ °ËÃâÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁÖ¾ú´Ù.

µû¶ó¼­ Áß»ê ´ëÇÐ(Yat-Sen University) ¼Ò¼ÓÀÇ Zong-Wan Mao¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ µ¿·á ¿¬±¸Áø°ú Zhao´Â ´ëÀå±Õ(Escherichia coli)ÀÌ ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Ç¥¸é À§¿¡ ³³°ú °áÇÕÇÏ´Â ´Ü¹éÁú(lead-binding protein)À» ¹ßÇöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï °øÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦¾îÇß´Ù. Ç¥¸é À§¿¡ ´Ü¹éÁúÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿©, ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ´Â ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼¼Æ÷ ³»ºÎ¿¡ ±Ý¼ÓÀ» ÃàÀûÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ´Ù·®ÀÇ ³³À» Æ÷ȹÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¶Ç ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ³³ÀÌ Ç¥¸é ´Ü¹éÁú¿¡ °áÇÕÇÒ ¶§, ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ°¡ Çü±¤ ½ÅÈ£¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÄ×´Ù.

º¯°æµÈ ¹Ì»ý¹°Àº ±Ý¼ÓÀÇ ³óµµ°¡ 5~300¥ìMÀÎ ¿ë¾×¿¡¼­ 5~12%ÀÇ ³³À» ¼öÁýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Áß±¹¿¡¼­ ³³ ³óµµ´Â 5 ¥ìM±îÁö Æó¼ö¿¡¼­ Çã¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, ºÒ¹ý ¹æÃâ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­´Â 300 ¥ìM ÀÌ»óÀÇ ³óµµ¿¡ À̸¥´Ù°í Zhao´Â ¹àÇû´Ù.

³³-ƯÀÌ °áÇÕ ´Ü¹éÁú(PbrR; lead-specific binding protein)°ú ³³ ³»¼º ¿ÀÆä·Ð(lead resistance operon)À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇÁ·Î¸ðÅÍ(promoter, pbr) ¹× Cupriavidus metallidurans(CH34) µîÀÌ ´ëÀå±Õ°ú ÅëÇÕµÇ¾î ¹Î°¨ÇÏ°í ¼±ÅÃÀûÀÎ ³³ ÀÌ¿ÂÀÇ Àüü-¼¼Æ÷ °ËÃâÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â Àû»ö Çü±¤ ´Ü¹éÁú(RFP; red fluorescence protein)°ú ÇÔ²² °øÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦¾îµÆ´Ù. ´ëÀå±Õ ¼¼Ç¥ Ç¥¸é À§¿¡ PbrRÀÇ ÈļÓÀûÀÎ º¸¿©ÁÜÀº ´Ù¾çÇÑ Áß±Ý¼Ó ÀÌ¿ÂÀ» ÇÔÀ¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¿ë¾×À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³³ ÀÌ¿ÂÀÇ ¼±ÅÃÀûÀÎ ÈíÂøÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁÖ¾ú´Ù.

Ç¥¸éÀÌ °øÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦¾îµÈ ´ëÀå±Õ ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ´Â ³ôÀº ³óµµ¿¡¼­ ³³ ÀÌ¿ÂÀÇ µ¶¼ºÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾Ö±â Àå´ë(Arabidopsis thaliana) ¾¾¾ÑÀÇ ¹ß¾Æ¸¦ È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î º¸È£ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Pbr ¿ÀÆä·ÐÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ³³ ƯÀ̼º ¿ø¼Ò¸¦ Ç°°í ÀÖ´Â °øÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦¾îµÈ ´ëÀå±Õ ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ´Â ȯ°æ¿¡¼­ µ¶¼º Áß±Ý¼Ó ÀÌ¿ÂÀÇ »ý¹°ÇÐÀû ȯ°æ Á¤È­(bioremediation) ¹× »ý¹°ÇÐÀû °ËÃâ(biodetection)À» À§ÇÑ °¡Ä¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÏ¹Ý Àü·«À¸·Î ±¸ÃàµÉ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

ºñ·Ï ¹ÚÅ׸®¾ÆÀÇ ÇöÀç ³³ Á¦°Å ºñÀ²ÀÌ Æó¼ö¸¦ ó¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á¤µµ·Î ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀº ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸, ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº È¿À²À» °³¼±Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¼¼Æ÷¸¦ ÃÖÀûÈ­ÇÒ °èȹÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¶Ç ½Ç¿ëÀûÀÎ ³³ Á¦°Å ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ±¸ÃàÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©, ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº ÇöÀç ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ¸¦ °íºÐÀÚ¸· ¶Ç´Â ³ª³ëÀç·á À§¿¡ Á¤Âø½ÃÅ°´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» °í¾È ÁßÀÌ´Ù.
 
[Ãâó : KISTI ¹Ì¸®¾È(http://mirian.kisti.re.kr) ¡º±Û·Î¹úµ¿Çâºê¸®ÇÎ(GTB)¡»2014. 03. 20]
[¿ø¹®º¸±â]
 
Beefed-Up Bacteria Get The Lead Out Of Water
 
Industrial activities such as battery manufacturing can pollute water with lead and other toxic heavy metals. Now, Chinese researchers have designed a way to use microbes to get the lead out. They have engineered bacteria that can detect the toxic metal and remove it from water (Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, DOI: 10.1021/es4046567).
 
Although chelating agents and sorbent materials can scrub heavy metals from water, workers still must dispose of the contaminated materials, which can create pollution, says Jing Zhao of Nanjing University and Peking University¡¯s Shenzhen Graduate School. His team has developed a more sustainable approach to recover heavy metals from contaminated water for potential reuse in industry. They recently engineered bacteria to express a gold-binding protein, allowing them to detect the metal and recover it from wastewater (Chem. Sci. 2012, DOI: 10.1039/C2SC01119K). The scientists thought a similar strategy could help them get rid of lead.
 
So he and colleagues, including Zong-Wan Mao of Sun Yat-Sen University, engineered Escherichia coli to express a lead-binding protein on the cell¡¯s surface. With the protein on the surface, the bacteria can grab large amounts of lead without letting the metal accumulate inside the cells, which can reduce their growth. The researchers also included a set of genes that allowed the bacteria to produce a fluorescent signal when lead binds to the surface proteins.
 
The modified microbes could collect 5 to 12% of the lead in solutions with concentrations between 5 and 300 ¥ìM of the metal. In China, lead concentrations up to 5 ¥ìM are allowed in wastewater, but illegal discharge sites may have concentrations of 300 ¥ìM or more, according to Zhao.
 
Although the bacteria¡¯s current lead removal rates are not high enough for treating wastewater, the group plans to optimize the cells to improve their efficiency. Also, to make a practical lead removal system, the team is now designing a way to anchor the bacteria onto polymer membranes or nanomaterials.
 
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