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Oil-catching net could help clean up pollution
 
Cleaning up oil spills could become easier thanks to a new steel net that captures the fossil fuel but lets water pass through.
 
Scientists at the Ohio State University in the US created the technology by applying a nearly invisible oil-repelling coating to a stainless steel mesh, inspired partly by the bumpy surface of lotus leaves that naturally repel water.
 
The researchers demonstrated the mesh by pouring a mixture of oil and water through it. The water filtered through while the oil collected on top of the mesh and rolled off easily when it was tilted.
 
¡°If you scale this up, you could potentially catch an oil spill with a net,¡± said research leader Prof Bharat Bhushan. The technology could also be used to detect and track oil deposits underground.
 
To create a surface that does the opposite of lotus leaves – repels oil rather than water – Bhushan and fellow researcher Philip Brown covered a bumpy surface with a polymer embedded with molecules of surfactant – a substance that changes the surface properties of a liquid.
 
The scientists sprayed a fine dusting of silica nanoparticles onto the stainless steel mesh to create a randomly bumpy surface and layered the polymer and surfactant on top.
 
The silica, surfactant, polymer, and stainless steel are all non-toxic and relatively inexpensive, said Brown, estimating that a larger mesh net could be created for less than a dollar per square foot.
 
Because the coating is only a few hundred nanometers thick, it is almost undetectable. It is around 70 per cent transparent and so could also work for certain automotive glass applications, such as mirrors, but not most windows or smartphone surfaces.
 
¡°Our goal is to reach a transparency in the 90 per cent range,¡± Bhushan said in a statement. ¡°In all our coatings, different combinations of ingredients in the layers yield different properties. The trick is to select the right layers.¡±
 
He added: ¡°We¡¯ve studied so many natural surfaces, from leaves to butterfly wings and shark skin, to understand how nature solves certain problems. Now we want to go beyond what nature does, in order to solve new problems.¡±
 
The research is described in two papers in Nature Scientific Reports.
 
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