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[¹Ì±¹] ¹é±Ý(platinum) »ç¿ë ÃÖ¼ÒÈ­ÇÑ »õ·Î¿î Ã˸Š°³¹ß
À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2015.07.09 Á¶È¸¼ö 214
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[¹Ì±¹] ¹é±Ý(platinum) »ç¿ë ÃÖ¼ÒÈ­ÇÑ »õ·Î¿î Ã˸Š°³¹ß

¹é±Ý(platinum)Àº ¶Ù¾î³­ ¹ÝÀÀ¼ºÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ È­ÇÐ ¹× ¿¡³ÊÁö »ê¾÷ ºÐ¾ß¿¡ À־ ¸¹Àº ¼ö¿ä°¡ ÀÖ¾î¿Ô´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ À§½ºÄܽŠ¸Þµð½¼(University of Wisconsin-Madison)´ë¿Í Á¶Áö¾ÆÅØ(Georgia Institute of Technology)ÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÌ Àü¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ Ã˸ÅÀÇ ¹é±Ý ÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀ» ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» °³¹ßÇϴµ¥ ¼º°øÇß´Ù.

2015³â 7¿ù 2ÀÏ Nature CommunicationsÁö¿¡ °ÔÀçµÈ ³í¹®¿¡¼­ Paul A. Elfers¿Í È­ÇÐ ¹× »ý¹°ÇкΠ±³¼öÀÎ Manos Mavrikakis ¹× ±×ÀÇ µ¿·á ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº Àú·ÅÇÑ ±Ý¼ÓÀÎ Æȶóµã(platinum)°ú ¹é±ÝÀ» °áÇÕ½ÃŲ »õ·Î¿î Ã˸Ÿ¦ °³¹ßÇϴµ¥ ¼º°øÇß´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿¬±¸ °á°ú´Â ¹é±ÝÀÇ Çʿ伺À» ÁÙ¿©ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿¬·á ÀüÁö ¿¡³ÊÁö ÀÀ¿ë ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ÇÙ½É °úÁ¤ÀÎ »ê¼Òȯ¿ø ¹ÝÀÀ(oxygen reduction reaction)¿¡¼­ ¼ø¼öÇÑ ¹é±Ý¿¡ ºñÇØ È­ÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î º¸´Ù ¶Ù¾î³­ È°¼ºÀ» Áö´Ñ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ÀÔÁõÇß´Ù.

Æȶóµã-¹é±Ý Á¶ÇÕÀº ¶ÇÇÑ º¸´Ù ¶Ù¾î³­ Áö¼Ó¼ºÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿©·¯ ½ÇÇè °á°ú¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÀÌ ³í¹®Àº È­ÇÐ ¿£Áö´Ï¾îµéÀÌ ¿øÀÚ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­ Àç·á¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ì¼¼Á¶ÀýÀ» ÅëÇØ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ÀÀ¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »õ·Î¿î Ã˸Ÿ¦ µðÀÚÀÎÇϴµ¥ ¸¹Àº µµ¿òÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ.

À̹ø ¹ß°ßÀº ÀÛ³â Á¶Áö¾ÆÅØÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÌ ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ ÆȶóµãÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ÀÛÀº ¾çÀÇ ¹è±Ý°ú Ç¥¸é¿¡¼­ ¹ÝÀÀÇϵµ·Ï ¸¸µé¾î³½ °á°ú¿¡ ±âÃÊÇØ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. ¿¬±¸ Ãʹݿ¡, ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ ÀÔÀÚµéÀÌ ¼ø¼öÇÑ ¹é±Ý¿¡ ºñÇØ ¶Ù¾î³­ È°¼ºÀ» º¸Àδٴ »ç½ÇÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. ¿Ö ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Çö»óÀÌ ÀϾ´ÂÁö¸¦ ÆľÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ Á¶Áö¾ÆÅØÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº Mavrikakis ±³¼ö°¡ À̲ô´Â À§½ºÄܽÅ-¸Þµð½¼´ë ¿¬±¸ÀÚµé°ú ´ëÇпø»ýÀÎ Luke Roling, ¹Ú»çÈÄ°úÁ¤»ýÀÎ Jeffrey Herron µî°ú °øµ¿ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ¼öÇàÇß´Ù.

RolingÀº ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇØ "À̹ø ¿¬±¸´Â ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚÀÇ Ç¥¸é¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¿øÀÚÀÇ Á¤È®ÇÑ ¹è¿­¿¡ ´ëÇØ À̾߱âÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ÍµéÀº ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ºü¸£°Ô ÀϾ´Â Áö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾öû³­ Â÷À̸¦ ¸¸µé¾î³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ÀÌ·ÐÀº ÀÌ¹Ì ÀÌÀü¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇØ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç ÀÌÁ¦ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹°ÁúÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î Á¤È®ÇÑ ±¸Á¶¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î³»´Âµ¥ ¼º°øÇß´Ù"°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ¾çÀÚ¿ªÇÐÀ» ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÀÌ »õ·Î¿î Àç·á ¹°ÁúÀ» ¸¸µé¾î³»´Â ±â¼úÀÌ ºü¸£°Ô ¼ºÀåÇÏ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ À̹ø ¿¬±¸´Â Ã˸Ÿ¦ ºñ¿ëÈ¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾î³»´Âµ¥ ¸¹Àº µµ¿òÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Mavrikakis´Â ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î "À̹ø ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹é±ÝÀÇ ¾çÀ» ÃÖ¼ÒÈ­ÇÏ°í °á±¹ ¹é±ÝÀ» ¿ÂÀüÇÏ°Ô ´ëüÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Ã˸Ÿ¦ ã¾Æ³»´Âµ¥ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹é±ÝÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿öÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸¹Àº ÀÀ¿ëºÐ¾ß°¡ °æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î °¡´ÉÇØÁú °Í"À̶ó°í ¾ð±ÞÇß´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸´Ù ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ¿¬±¸ °á°ú´Â ""Palladium–platinum core-shell icosahedra with substantially enhanced activity and durability towards oxygen reduction." Nature Communications 6, Article number: 7594 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8594"¸¦ Âü°íÇϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù.

±×¸²: Ã˸ÅÀÇ Á¤ 20¸éü ±¸Á¶°¡ ¹ÝÀÀ ¼Óµµ¿¡ ¸¹Àº ¿µÇâÀ» ÁØ´Ù.

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New catalyst does more with less platinum

Platinum is a highly reactive and in-demand catalyst across the chemical and energy industries, but a team of University of Wisconsin-Madison and Georgia Institute of Technology scientists could reduce the world's dependence on this scarce and expensive metal.

In a paper published July 2, 2015 in the journal Nature Communications, Paul A. Elfers and Vilas Distinguished Achievement Professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering Manos Mavrikakis and his research group describe a new catalyst that combines platinum with the less expensive metal palladium. This not only reduces the need for platinum but actually proves significantly more catalytically active than pure platinum in the oxygen reduction reaction, a chemical process key to fuel cell energy applications. The palladium-platinum combination also proves more durable, compounding the advantage of getting more reactivity with less material. Just as importantly, the paper offers a way forward for chemical engineers to design still more new catalysts for a broad range of applications by fine-tuning materials on the atomic scale.

The discovery was set in motion last year, when researchers at Georgia Tech developed nanoparticles consisting mostly of palladium, with a relatively small amount of platinum worked into the surface. Early on they realized that these particles showed significantly greater activity than pure platinum, as measured by dividing the current produced by the oxygen reduction reaction by the mass of platinum used. But to understand the why—the chemistry driving this apparent advantage—the Georgia Tech researchers turned to the UW-Madison team of Mavrikakis, graduate student Luke Roling and postdoctoral researcher Jeffrey Herron.

Roling says that from a chemist's point of view, the new catalyst's high performance at first seemed counterintuitive. But the Mavrikakis group, by applying its strengths in modeling and computational analysis, discovered that the advantage lays in the nanoparticle's icosahedral, or 20-faceted, structure. Moving forward, researchers looking for new catalysts can experiment with similar structures and perhaps find even more reactive materials.

For Mavrikakis, the results vindicate years of research—on both the theoretical and synthesis sides of catalysis—that has focused on the importance of how a particular substance's reactivity changes depending on whether it's structured as an icosahedron, an octahedron or another shape.

"This is speaking to the precise arrangement of atoms on the surface of a nanoparticle," Mavrikakis says. "That can make an enormous difference in how fast the reaction takes place. Theory has been instrumental for about 10 years now to demonstrate the importance of being able to tailor-make specific facets of the same material."

As rapidly improving technology to synthesize new tailor-made materials aligns with quantum mechanics, this research could make all manner of catalysis-driven processes more efficient and less expensive.

"The goal here is to try to minimize the amount of platinum that you use, and eventually find a complete replacement of platinum," Mavrikakis says. "If we can move away from platinum, many of these applications have the potential to become more robust financially."
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