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[2014] [¹Ì±¹] ¼öÁú Á¤È­¸· À§¿¡ ¼ºÀåÇÏ´Â ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ¸¦ ÀúÁöÇÏ´Â ±×·¡ÇÉ »êÈ­¹°
À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2014.01.07 Á¶È¸¼ö 146
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[¹Ì±¹] ¼öÁú Á¤È­¸· À§¿¡ ¼ºÀåÇÏ´Â ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ¸¦ ÀúÁöÇÏ´Â ±×·¡ÇÉ »êÈ­¹°

 
¹Ì»ý¹°¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸·ÀÇ ¿À¿°Àº ¸· ºÐ¸® °øÁ¤(membrane separation process)¿¡ À־ Áß¿äÇÑ Á¦ÇÑ ¿äÀÎÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ »õ·Î¿î Àü·«Àº ¸·¿¡¼­ »ó´çÇÑ Á¤µµÀÇ ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ ¼ºÀåÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

ÀÌ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­, ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ´Ü¼øÇÑ ±×·¡ÇÉ »êÈ­¹° Ç¥¸é ±â´É¼º¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Æú¸®¾Æ¹Ìµå º¹ÇÕ ¹Ú¸·¿¡ °­·ÂÇÑ Ç×±Õ Æ¯¼ºÀ» ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¾ÈÀ» »õ·Ó°Ô Á¦¾ÈÇß´Ù.

Çؼö ¶Ç´Â Æó¼ö¸¦ À½¿ë¼ö·Î ÀüȯÇÏ´Â °øÁ¤Àº ¾ãÀº Æú¸®¾Æ¹Ìµå ¸·(polyamide membrane)ÀÇ ¿©°ú·Â(filtering power)¿¡ µû¶ó Á¿ìµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿©°ú ¸· À§¿¡ °íÂøµÇ¾î ¿©°ú ¸·À» ¸ÁÄ¡°í ´õ·´È÷´Â ¹Ì»ý¹°Àº ¿°°ú ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Â ¸·ÀÇ ´É·ÂÀ» ¹æÇØÇÑ´Ù.

±×·¯³ª Æú¸®¾Æ¹Ìµå Àç·á À§¿¡ ±×·¡ÇÉ »êÈ­¹° ³ª³ë½ÃÆ®(graphene oxide nanosheet)¸¦ ´Ü¼øÇÏ°Ô ºÎÂøÇÏ´Â °øÁ¤À» Àû¿ëÇÏ¿© ¹ÚÅ׸®¾ÆÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀ» °¨¼Ò½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í »õ·Î¿î ¿¬±¸´Â ¹àÇû´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±â´É¼º ¸·(functionalized membrane)Àº ¸·¿¡¼­ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¼¼Á¤ ¼ö¿ä¸¦ ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿À´Ã³¯ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¸·º¸´Ù ¼ö¸íÀ» ¿¬ÀåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î ±â´ëµÈ´Ù.

±×·¡ÇÉ »êÈ­¹°°ú °°Àº ƯÁ¤ ³ª³ëÀç·á´Â ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö ¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁò¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹Ì»ý¹°À» »ç¸ê½ÃŲ´Ù. ÀÌÀü ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­, ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ij½ºÆà µ¿¾È ±×·¡ÇÉ »êÈ­¹°À» Æú¸®¾Æ¹Ìµå¸¦ È¥ÇÕÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Ç×±Õ¼º ¸·(antimicrobial membrane)À» ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù.

¿¹ÀÏ ´ëÇÐ(Yale University) ¼Ò¼ÓÀÇ Menachem Elimelech¸¦ ÁÖÃàÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ±×·¡ÇÉ »êÈ­¹°ÀÌ ¹Ì»ý¹°À» »ç¸ê½ÃÅ°´Âµ¥ È¿¿ëÀÌ ¾ø´Â ¸· ³»ºÎ¿¡ ¸Ó¹«¸¥´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¶ó°í ¹àÇû´Ù.

ÇÑÆí ³ª³ëÀç·á°¡ °í°¡ÀÇ ºñ¿ëÀÌ ¼Ò¿äµÇ°í ȯ°æ¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä¥ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, Elimelech´Â °¡´ÉÇϸé ÀûÀº ¾çÀÇ ±×·¡ÇÉ »êÈ­¹°À» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â Ç×±Õ¼º ¸·ÀÇ °³¹ßÀ» ¹Ù¶ó°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Ç×±Õ¼º ¸·ÀÇ °³¹ßÀ̶ó´Â ¸ñÀûÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©, Elimelech¿Í ±×ÀÇ µ¿·á ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ¾Æ¹Ìµå °áÇÕ È­ÇÐ(amide coupling chemistry)À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¾Æ¹Ìµå ¸·ÀÇ Ç¥¸é¿¡ 30nm¿¡¼­ 650nm ÆøÀ» °¡Áö´Â ±×·¡ÇÉ »êÈ­¹° ½ÃÆ®¸¦ ºÎÂøÇß´Ù.

Ç¥¸é È­ÇÐÀ» º¯°æÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ º¯°æÀÌ °ÅÀÇ Ç×»ó ¸· ¼º´É¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä£´Ù°í Elimelech´Â ¹àÇû´Ù. ±â´É¼º ¸·Àº 󸮵ÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ¸·Ã³·³ ¹°À» Åë°ú½ÃŲ´Ù.

±×·¡ÇÉ »êÈ­¹°ÀÇ Ä«¸£º¹½Ã±â(carboxyl group)¿Í Æú¸®¾Æ¹Ìµå È°¼º ÃþÀÇ Ä«¸£º¹½Ã±â »çÀÌÀÇ ¾Æ¹Ìµå °áÇÕÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿©, ±×·¡ÇÉ »êÈ­¹°Àº ¸·¿¡ °¡¿ªÀûÀ¸·Î °áÇÕµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

±×·¡ÇÉ »êÈ­¹°ÀÇ Ç¥¸é °áÇÕÀº ÁÖ»çÀüÀÚÇö¹Ì°æ(SEM; scanning electron microscopy) °üÂû°ú ¶ó¸¸ ºÐ±¤¹ý(Raman spectroscopy)À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Áõ¸íÇß´Ù.

¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ÇÑ ½Ã°£ µ¿¾È ´ëÀå±ÕÀ¸·Î µ¤¿© ÀÖ´Â ±â´É¼º ¸·À¸·Î Ç×±Õ È°¼º(antimicrobial activity)À» Å×½ºÆ®Çß´Ù. ¸· Ç¥¸é À§ ±â´É¼º ±×·¡ÇÉ »êÈ­¹°°ú ¹ÚÅ׸®¾ÆÀÇ Á÷Á¢Àû Á¢ÃËÀº 1½Ã°£ÀÇ Á¢ÃË ½Ã°£ ÈÄ 65%ÀÇ ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ ºñÈ°¼ºÈ­(bacterial inactivation)¸¦ ´Þ¼ºÇß´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ »ç¸ê È¿°ú´Â °íÀ¯ÀÇ ¸· ¼ö¼Û Ư¼º¿¡ Ä¡¸íÀûÀÎ È¿°ú ¾øÀÌ ¸· À§¿¡ ºÐ»êµÆ´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÁøÀÇ °á°ú´Â ±×·¡ÇÉ »êÈ­¹° ³ª³ë½ÃÆ®¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ º¹ÇÕ ¹Ú¸·(thin-film composite membrane)ÀÇ ±â´ÉÈ­°¡ »õ·Î¿î Ç×±Õ¼º ¸·ÀÇ °³¹ßÀ» À§ÇÑ À¯¸ÁÇÑ Á¢±ÙÀ̶ó°í Á¦¾ÈÇß´Ù.

󸮵ÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ¸·°ú ºñ±³ÇßÀ» ¶§, ±×·¡ÇÉ »êÈ­¹°·Î º¯°æµÈ ±â´É¼º º¹ÇÕ ¹Ú¸·Àº 65% ´õ ÀûÀº ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ ±ºÁýÀ» »ý¼ºÇß´Ù. Ä¡»çÀ²À» ÁõÁø½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇÏ¿© Elimelech´Â ¹Ì·¡ ½ÇÇè¿¡¼­ ¸·ÀÇ Ç¥¸é À§ ±×·¡ÇÉ »êÈ­¹° ½ÃÆ®ÀÇ ¼ö¿Í Å©±â¸¦ º¯°æ½Ãų °èȹÀÌ´Ù.

±×¸²1> ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ¸¦ »ç¸ê½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇÏ¿© Æú¸®¾Æ¹Ìµå ¸·(ÆĶõ»ö)ÀÇ Ç¥¸é¿¡ ¿øÀÚ µÎ²²ÀÇ ±×¸®ÇÉ »êÈ­¹° ½ÃÆ®¸¦ °áÇÕ½ÃÄ×´Ù.

[Ãâó : KISTI ¹Ì¸®¾È(http://mirian.kisti.re.kr) ¡º±Û·Î¹úµ¿Çâºê¸®ÇÎ(GTB)¡»2014. 01. 06]

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Graphene Oxide Halts Bacterial Growth On Water-Purifying Membranes

Water Treatment: Researchers prevent biofouling on membranes used for desalination and water treatment by attaching nanosheets of graphene oxide
 
Turning seawater or sewage into drinkable water depends on the filtering power of thin polyamide membranes. Microbes glom onto and muck up these membranes, disrupting their ability to remove salts and contaminants.

But attaching graphene oxide nanosheets to the polyamide materials reduces bacterial growth, according to a new study. These functionalized membranes may require less cleaning and last longer than those in use today.
Certain nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide, kill microbes by an as-yet-unknown mechanism. In previous studies, researchers made antimicrobial membranes by mixing graphene oxide into the polyamides during casting.

The problem with that, according to Menachem Elimelech of Yale University, is graphene oxide ends up inside the membrane where it¡¯s useless for slaying microbes. Since nanomaterials are expensive and may impact the environment, Elimelech wanted to develop an antimicrobial membrane that requires as little graphene oxide as possible.
To that end, Elimelech and colleagues attached 30- to 650-nm-wide sheets of graphene oxide just to the surface of a polyamide membrane using amide coupling chemistry.

¡°Whenever you alter the surface chemistry, you almost always affect the membrane performance,¡± Elimelech says. But that wasn¡¯t so this time: The functionalized membrane let water through just as well as the untreated membrane.
The researchers tested the functionalized membrane¡¯s antimicrobial activity by covering it with an Escherichia coli-laced broth for an hour.

Then, they attempted to grow on agar plates any bacteria that had stuck to the membrane. Compared to untreated membranes, those modified with graphene oxide produced 65% fewer bacterial colonies.

To boost lethality, Elimelech plans to alter the number and size of graphene oxide sheets on the membrane¡¯s surface in future experiments.

 
 

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