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Increased water recycling, irrigation key to reducing global water scarcity, study finds

A new study conducted by researchers from McGill and Utrecht University outlines strategies in six key areas that they believe can be combined in different ways in different parts of the world in order to effectively reduce water stress and ultimately minimize water scarcity.

Water scarcity is not a problem just for the developing world. In California, legislators are currently proposing a $7.5-billion emergency water plan to their voters, and U.S. federal officials last year warned residents of Arizona and Nevada that they could face cuts in Colorado River water deliveries in 2016.
Irrigation techniques, industrial and residential habits combined with climate change lie at the root of the problem. But despite what appears to be an insurmountable problem, it is possible to turn the situation around and significantly reduce water scarcity in just over 35 years, according to the researchers.

Water stress occurs in an area where more than 40 percent of the available water from rivers is unavailable because it is already being used -- a situation that currently affects about a third of the global population and may affect as many as half the people in the world by the end of the century if the current pattern of water use continues.

The researchers separate six key strategy areas for reducing water stress into "hard path" measures, involving building more reservoirs and increasing desalination efforts of sea water, and "soft path" measures that focus on reducing water demand rather than increasing water supply thanks to community-scale efforts and decision-making, combining efficient technology and environmental protection.

The researchers believe that while there are some economic, cultural and social factors that may make certain of the "soft path" measures such as population control difficult, these measures offer the more realistic path forward in terms of reducing water stress. These strategies are identified below:
 

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