새로운 Fitch Ratings 보고서에 따르면 수력 파열은 지역 물 공급에 잠재적인 피해를 줄 수 있고 미국 지방의 물 사업의 재정 압박의 중요한 이유가 된다. 또한, 잠재적인 오염, 감소된 물 공급과 사회 기반 시설 및 비용 압박의 원인이 되고 최악의 경우 갑자기 신용도가 악화된다.

"오염은 물 판매를 즉시 중단 할 정도로 지역 사업에 중요한 문제이다."며 관리 책임자인 Douglas Scott가 설명했다. " 잠깐의 정화 비용은 매우 중요하지만 물 공급의 신용 회복이 더 오래 걸리고 중요하다."고 덧붙였다.

According to a new Fitch Ratings report, hydraulic fracturing could potentially harm local water supplies, causing significant financial stress for U.S. municipal water utilities. Further, potential contamination, diminished water supplies and infrastructure and costs pressure due to fracking could, in the worst case scenarios, cause severe and precipitous credit deterioration.

"Contamination could be a major setback for local utilities as water sales would cease immediately," said Managing Director Douglas Scott." While the cost of cleanup is significant in itself, restoring public confidence in the water supplies may take much longer."

Despite some state regulations requiring oil and gas companies to disclose the chemicals used during fracking, these standards are subject to the federal disclosure laws, which exempt disclosure of certain chemical composition that may be deemed trade secrets. Even if specific chemicals are disclosed, they may not be on the list of regulated contaminants and, as a result, may go undetected during testing and treatment.

"Fracking can be an economic boom for some communities, but its introduction or expansion in unprepared areas could create competition for already-scarce water resources in the case of drought, or place undue stress on the existing water infrastructure in areas that experience rapid population growth," said Scott.

Crude oil production in the U.S. increased 32 percent between 2011 and 2013. Approximately 90 percent of total oil production in the lower 48 states is produced in six shale plays spanning 15 states and 271 counties, via both fracking and conventional well technology. Utilities located in those areas face higher risk for contamination than others, and that risk is likely growing as the use of fracking technology is becoming more prevalent.

With 56 percent of hydraulically-fractured wells located in regions experiencing drought, fracking could leave utilities competing for water supplies. The amount of water used for fracking could be significant in communities already dealing with water scarcity, like those located near the Eagle Ford shale play in south Texas.

In addition, the rise of fracking boom towns could pressure local utilities as they are forced to meet the demands of a growing population over a short period of time. In the long-term, a diminished population of ratepayers could be forced to finance the utility's expanded debt after fracking operations decrease.

[출처 = Water World / 2014년 5월 6일]